选修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors

1、年 级高二学 科英语版 本人教新课标版课程标题选修8 Unit5 Meeting your ancestors -words、phrases and language points编稿老师冯振宇一校林卉二校李秀卿审核刘晓军一、学习目标：知识目标：学习本单元的词汇、短语和句型。能力目标：能够使用这些词汇、短语及句型进行语言表达，并能够解答与之相关的习题。二、重点、难点：1. 重点：重要单词alternative, accuracy, interrupt, assume, significance, accelerate, arrest 重要短语regardless of, at most, cu

2、t up, fed up with, look ahead, date back重要句型1) We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 2) It must have been very uncomfortable.3) If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year.2. 难点：“情态动词+完成式”的意义

3、三、知能提升（一）重点单词单词学习1. alternative n.选择对象；（两者或两者以上的）选择【用法】have no alternative but to do sth.：只能做某事；除外别无选择【例句】We have no alternative but to go on.除了继续走下去，我们没有选择的余地。 There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.除了争取战斗到胜利，别无选择。【拓展】alternative n.C 可能的选择，可能性之一。近义词：choice。adj.选择性的，二中择一的v. 交替；

4、轮流alternatively adv.交替地，作为另一种选择地alternate vt. 使交替；vi.交替；adj. 交替的；轮流的【考题链接】In this school, the students have three _courses, and seven _courses.A. required; alternative B. requiring; alternative C. required; alternate D. requiring; alternate答案：A解题思路：考查词义和词性。Require（尤指根据法规）规定、需要，此处用过去分词required修饰cours

5、es是因为两者之间为被动关系。后一空的意思为选择，选其一，作定语，alternative符合句意。2. accuracy n.U精确性，正确度【例句】I doubt the accuracy of your statement. 我怀疑你的话的正确性。He aims at great accuracy.他力求十分准确。 【拓展】accurate adj. 正确的，精确的inaccurate adj.不准确的accurately adv.正确地，精确地inaccurately adv.不准确地【考题链接】As his best friend , I can make _ guesses abou

6、t what he will do or think.A. vague B. accurate C. particular D. vain答案：B解题思路：词义辨析题。根据句意：由于我是他最好的朋友，（故）我能对他的所做所想做出精确的判断。所以B项符合句意。而vague是“模糊的”意思，particular意为“特别的”，而vain则是“徒劳的”意思。3. interrupt v. 中断，打扰，打断，插嘴【例句】Rain interrupted our baseball game.下雨中断了我们的棒球比赛。The baby interrupted me while I was on the p

7、hone.我在打电话时，婴儿干扰了我。 It is rude to interrupt.打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。“Don't interrupt,” he said. 他说：“别插嘴”。【考题链接】Traffic in the city was _ by a snowstorm. A. blocking B. hold up C. interrupted D. hold back答案：C解题思路：考查动词词义辨析及语态。虽然block, hold up都可以表示“使停顿”，但是A、B两项的语态错误。traffic和谓语动作的关系为被动，只有C项符合。4. assume vt. 假设，

8、臆断，猜想【例句】We can't assume anything in this case. 在这种情况下我们不可能做出假设。【用法】assumption n. 假定，设想，假装，就职on the assumption that 假设assumed adj. 假定的，假装的，装的【拓展】assume, suppose, presumeassume“假定，设想”，用于逻辑推理，强调一种缺乏证据的结论，以检验某种建议。suppose意为“根据一定的证据作出的见解”，最不正式。presume意为“某人以过去的经验作为依据，对某事作出合乎逻辑的推测”。【考题链接】We must _ him

9、to be innocent until he is proved guilty.A. assume B. suppose C. presumed D. pretend答案：A解题思路：考查动词词义辨析。根据上面所讲几个词的区别，这里用assume符合句意。句意为：直到他被证明有罪之前，我们必须假定他是无辜的。5. significance n.意义，意思；重大意义，重要性【例句】This fact has little significance for us. 这一事实对我们没有什么意义。They failed to appreciate significance of the precau

10、tions.他们没有意识到这些预防措施的重要性。【拓展】significant adj.重要的，重大的，可观的be of significance= be significant【考题链接】The discovery of these tombs is _for scholars studying the history of the Tang Dynasty.A. of very important B. great significantC. of great significance D. greatly importance 答案：C解题思路：这里important与significa

11、nt为同义词，且都是形容词，所以A项应该将of去掉，而B项应该将great改为very。D项需要加介词of，且将greatly改为great，才符合这一句型结构的要求。6. accelerate vt.&vi. 加速，促进【例句】We must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. 我们必须采取措施，加速经济增长。The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。【用法】acceleration n. 加速度【考题链接】The leader is losin

12、g ground as the rest of the runners _. A. accelerate B. promote C. help D. advance 答案：A解题思路：词义辨析题。A项意为加速，B项意为提升，促进，C项意为帮助，D项的意思是促进。根据句意：领先者正失去优势，因为其他选手正在加速，可知选A项。7. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.C逮捕【例句】The criminal was arrested yesterday. 罪犯昨天被捕了。What she did arrested my attention. 她的行为吸引了我的注意力。【用法】be a

13、rrested for sth. 因某事而被捕arrest one s attention吸引某人的注意under arrest被捕；被拘留【考题链接】He was _ for stealing a car.A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged答案：B解题思路：词义辨析题。A项后面的介词应该为of，D项后面的介词则为with，C项sentence的意思为宣判，在这里不合句意。所以B项“被捕”正确。即学即练1. There are several_ plans and its up to you to decide which to cho

14、ose.A. alternative B. according C. effective D. positive2. The description was pretty , so the police couldn't figure out the portrait of the criminal.A. vague B. accurate C. correct D. true3. Production at the factory was _for two hours because there was no electricity.A. interrupted B. disturb

15、ed C. missed D. lost4. These days the government has issued several economic policies that will_ prosperity of manufacturing industry.A. accumulate B. accomplish C. access D. accelerate5. Gao Xiaosong was arrested_ drunken driving on his way home in Beijing.A. with B. of C. for D. to（二）重点短语短语学习1. re

16、gardless of 不管；不顾【例句】I ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管报酬多少我都要做这份工作。He says what he thinks, regardless of other people s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。【拓展】同义词、短语：disregarding /in spite of /despite，它们的意义和用法相同，区别不大。【考题链接】This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and

17、 background.A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of答案：B 解题思路：考查介词短语的用法。according to 根据；regardless of 不管，不顾；in addition to 另外；in terms of 就而言。根据句意：这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何，可知B项正确。2. at most 最多【例句】The trip will only cost you fifty pounds at most. 这次旅行最多只会花去你50英镑。【拓展】at

18、least 至少at the latest 最迟at last 最后3. cut up切碎；使伤心，严厉批评【例句】Peter, why dont you cut up vegetables? 彼得，为何不把蔬菜切碎呢？【拓展】由cut 组成的常用短语：cut off切断；剪掉cut down砍伐；削减cut in打断cut out剪去，删去，略去cut into pieces砍成碎片【例句】Don't cut in while I'm talking. 我说话时别插嘴。【考题链接】When the mother returned, she saw her son _veget

19、ables into pieces.A. cut down B. cut up C. to cut down D.to cut up答案：B解题思路：考查cut 的相关短语和非谓语动词的用法。cut down砍伐；削减，cut up切碎，由句意可知用cut up。再由see sb. do sth.句式可知选B。4. fed up with受够了，厌烦【例句】Im fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了。Whats the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎么啦？你显得那么不高兴。【拓展】fe

20、ed的相关短语：feed sb./sth. on sth.给（人或动物）食物；喂；饲养 feed sth. to sb/sth. 将某种食物喂给人或动物feed on（动物）以为主食【考题链接】根据句子的要求在横线上填入适当的介词。1) Several children were feeding bread _ the ducks. 2) What do you feed your dog _? 3) Cows feed _ grass. 4) I m fed up _ the same breakfast every morning.答案：1) to 2) on 3) on 4) with5

21、. look ahead向前看；为将来谋划（打算）【例句】Have you looked ahead to what you ll be doing in five years time? 你是否想过五年后你要做些什么?【拓展】look的相关短语：look back 向后看；回顾look out 留神；注意look into 调查look up 查找；形势好转；看望look up to sb. 尊敬某人look through 仔细查阅look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望look on 旁观；看作look over 快速浏览，复习look down (on/up

22、on sth.) 向下看；轻视【考题链接】My students look _me very much.A. down upon B. up to C. back to D. into答案：B解题思路：考查固定短语。由句意：我的学生非常尊敬我。可知look up to sb.“尊敬某人”符合句意。6. date back = date from. 追溯到，从时候开始就有了【例句】The temple dates back to the 13th century. 这座寺庙从十三世纪开始就有了。【考题链接】The custom _ the Ming Dynasty has died out.A.

23、 dates from B. dates back to C. that dated from D. dating from答案：D解题思路：解答本题首先要确定形式，根据后面的谓语动词has died down可排除掉A、B两项，若选择这两项的话就会出现两个谓语动词，而C项的时态错误，所以D项为正确选项。即学即练1. Traditionally, Chinese people _ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings. A. cut out B. cut o

24、ff C. cut up D. cut down2. Some people act regardless _what will happen afterwards.A. with B. as C. of D. for3. It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out4. It'll take _ 2 hours to do this!Oh, come on! I could

25、do it in 30 minutes.A. at least B. at most C. at the latest D. at last（三）重点句型句型学习1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 句子分析本句中的suggest表示“表明”。suggest最常用的两个意思：（1）提议；提出；建议，后接动词时要用动词的ing形式，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气（“

26、should+动词原形”，should常省略）。【例句】It s noisy here. I suggest changing another hotel. 这里太吵了，我建议换个宾馆。I suggest (that) you (should) ask Mr. Wu. 我建议你问问吴先生。I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once. 我建议立即把小孩送到医院。后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气的词可记为：一个坚持：insist / 两个命令：command, order / 四个建议：advise, suggest, recommend,

27、 propose / 四个要求：ask, demand, request, require（2）表明，显示，暗示；显出，后接宾语从句（不用虚拟语气）。【例句】His expression suggests that he has got the job.他脸上的表情表明他已经得到了那份工作。【考题链接】Johnson suggested the problem worth paying attention _ at the meeting. A. to be discussed B. to been discussedC. being discussed D. should be discus

28、sed答案：A解题思路：本题考查虚拟语气和句子结构分析。由句意“建议被讨论”可知，后边应为 (should) be discussed 结构，可排除B、C两项；再由pay attention to 短语可知选A项。此处worth paying attention作后置定语修饰the problem。2. It must have been very uncomfortable.句子分析这里的must have been表示对过去情况的肯定猜测：情态动词+完成式的用法情态动词+完成式往往表示过去的事情，情态动词不同意义也不同，现简要总结如下：can, could后接完成式，在否定句或疑问句中表示

29、对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度。【例句】Where could I have put my cell phone? I cant find it anywhere.我会把手机放在哪里呢？我到处都找不到。could用在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。【例句】Its too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. 太晚了。你可以回答得更早一些，我肯定。may, might后接完成式表示对过去某事的推测，认为某件事情在过去可能发生了。如果用might，语气则更婉转或更不肯

30、定。【例句】Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 玛丽以前可能学过一些汉语。还可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。【例句】You didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. 你那天做得不够好。你本可以做得更好的。must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到了。【例句】Your performance is so good. You must have trained very hard. 你的表演

31、这么好。你一定训练得很刻苦吧。 should/ought to后接完成式表示过去没有做本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。【例句】You shouldnt have spent so much time playing computer games this weekend. 这个周末你不该花费那么多时间玩电脑游戏的。neednt have done用来表示本不必要做却做了的事情。【例句】Today is Sunday, so you neednt have got up so early.今天是星期天，你本不必起这么早的。【考题链接】Why? Where is your purse

32、?Dear me! I it in the taxi. A. should have left B. must have left C. need have left D. would have left答案：B解题思路：从所给的四个选项来看，都是“情态动词+完成式”，故要看句意与这几种结构的意义，首先排除掉C项，因为need用作情态动词时往往用于否定句，而should have done表示本应该做却没有做的事情；D项则是本应干什么，但没干，根据句意：天哪，我一定是忘在出租车上了可知选B。3. If only she had looked ahead and planned better t

33、his year.句子分析这里的if only意为但愿；要是就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气：If only I were a doctor. 这句话用的是一般过去时，因为原意是：我现在要是个医生就好了。与现在时态相对应的句子用一般过去时。If only I had said nothing. 而这句用的是过去完成时，原意为：我当时不说就好了。是与过去时态相对应的，故用过去完成时。If only my son didn't spend so much time before TV. 这句可以理解为一般现在时的虚拟语气，所以句子中使用了一般过去时。原意为：要是我儿子不在电视前面呆那么长时间就好

34、了。【拓展】only if表示“只有，只要”，后接让步状语从句，主句采用倒装句式：Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有老师同意，学生才能被允许进入这个房间。【考题链接】Look at the trouble Im in! If only I _your advice.A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow答案：C解题思路：考查if only引导的从句。if only引导的条件状语从句用虚拟

35、语气。即学即练1. Why were you driving so fast? You _somebody. A. might hurt B. might have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt2. The schoolgirl could be a pretty one _ she paid more attention to her manners and clothes.A. only if B. if only C. but for D. as long as3. Do you know when the Chinese custom _ f

36、rom?It's hard to say. But its characteristics _ the Tang Dynasty.A. began; prove B. started; show C. is; appear D. dates; suggestUnit 5 Meeting your ancestors -Grammar 现在完成进行时一、预习新知Unit 5 Grammar 现在完成进行时二、预习点拨思考问题一：现在完成进行时的意义？与现在完成时的区别？思考问题二：找出本单元含现在完成进行时的句子。（答题时间：60分钟）一、单项填空1. I thought I knew

37、the way, but_ I got lost.A. therefore B. somehow C. otherwise D. so2. Your stay abroad will give you _opportunities to learn a new language.A. much B. ample C. enough D. sufficient 3. At the meeting he gave us some suggestions, one of which was that we_ someone to check the information.A. sent B sen

38、d C. would send D. should have sent4. Is Jason all right？He looks so tired!Not sure. He_ deep into the night yesterday. Hes having an exam soon.A. may have studied B. should have studiedC. might study D. must have been studying5. A middleaged woman came_ to the bus stop only_ the bus had gone.A. to

39、run；to find B. running；to find C. and ran；found D. running；finding6. We must_ the weather into consideration first when climbing mountains.A. make B. consider C. regard D. take7. You should have been more patient_ that customer；Im sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.A. of B. with C. fo

40、r D. at8. Tom continued to run away，_our shouts to him that he should return.A. as regards B. with regard to C. regarding D. regardless of9. A society was set up to _the endangered animal and plant life from dying out in this area.A. reserve B. preserve C. observe D. deserve10. The football game was

41、_ because of the tornado.A. interrupted B. disturbed C. missed D. lost11. Its a long time_ I saw you last.Yes，and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time_ we see each other again.A. before；since B. since；whenC. since；before D. when；before12. As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will，there

42、is a way.” You can _ more than you believe possible if you really set your mind to itA. accelerate B. accumulate C. accomplish D. approve 13. He was arrested_ drunken driving on his way to the football game.A. with B. of C. for D. to14. _you eat the correct foods_ be able to keep fit and stay health

43、y.A. Only if；will you B. Only if；you willC. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will15. He made a quick_ from his illness which had been thought to be rather serious.A. relief B. recovery C. survival D. relaxation二、翻译句子16. 要是他没有忘记发那封信就好了。(if only)_17. 俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。(regardless of)_18. 他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此

44、多的工作。(cant have done)_19. 艾丽丝把肉切碎并开始煮。(cut up)_20. 灾区的人们需要食物。(in need of)_三、完形填空Over dinner a few weeks ago, the novelist Lawrence Naumoff told a troubling story.He_21_students in his introduction to creative writing course at UNC Chapel Hill if they had_22_Jack Kerouac Nobody raised a hand._23_he a

45、sked if anyone had ever heard of Jack Kerouac. There are more blank_24_.Naumoff began_25_the legend of the literary wild man. One student offered that he had a teacher who was just as_26_.Naumoff asked the professors name. The student said he didnt_27_.Naumoff then asked this oblivious (健忘的) scholar

46、，“Do you know my_28_？”After a long pause, the young man replied, “No.”“I guess Ive always known that many students are just_29_my course to get a requirement out of the way, ” Naumoff said. “But it was_30_to see that some couldnt even go to the trouble of_31_the name of the person teaching the cours

47、e.”The other UNC professors at the_32_began sharing their own stories about the troubling state of curiosity on_33_.All of them have noted that such ignorance isnt_34_students have always possessed far less knowledge than they should. But in the past，_35_tended to be a source of shame and motivation

48、. Students were far more likely to be_36_by notknowing，far more eager to fill such gaps by learning._37_, nowadays as one reviewer once said, “Its that they dont_38_what they dont know.”In our increasingly complex world, the amount of information required to master any_39_disciplinee.g. computers, l

49、ife insurance，medicinehas expanded geometrically (呈几何级数增长). We are forced to_40_specialists, people who know more and more about less and less. Curiously，in a world where everything is worth knowing, nothing is.21. A. helpedB. greetedC. taughtD. asked22. A. readB. recognizedC. visitedD. wrote23. A.

50、ButB. OrC. ThenD. So24. A. puzzlesB. expressionsC. smilesD. feelings25. A. describingB. drawingC. showingD. painting26. A. uglyB. handsomeC. crazyD. angry27. A. knowB. recognizeC. findD. care28. A. storyB. nameC. addressD. work29. A. gettingB. puttingC. takingD. making30. A. excitingB. interestingC.

51、 pleasingD. disappointing31. A. finding outB. looking forC. putting upD. pointing to32. A. classB. dinnerC. roomD. house33. A. trainB. busC. campusD. literature34. A. oldB. shortC. longD. new35. A. ignoranceB. curiosityC. knowledgeD. gaps36. A. troubledB. movedC. touchedD. respected37. A. ThereforeB

52、. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Anyway38. A. go throughB. take inC. meet withD. care about39. A. commonB. simpleC. particularD. easy40. A. actB. becomeC. callD. want四、阅读理解There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment