一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态

1、般现在时的被动语态欧阳引擎（2021.01.01）、英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执 行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的 承受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned （by us）.教室被（我们）打扫。二、被动语态的构成：助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+ （by+ 宾语）其中by意为“被；由 ”,表动作的执行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be有人称.数和时态的变化，其肯定式.否定式.疑冋式的 变化规则与be作为连系动词时完

2、全一样。如：English is widely spoken around the world.（肯定式）English is not widely spoken around the world.（否定式）Is English widely spoken around the world?（ 疑 问式）Yes, it is./No, it isn? t.三、被动语态的用法：在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is sto

3、len.她的自行车被偷了。四、主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它)被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其 它)注意：1主动、被动互转时，时态不变，但有人称和数的变化。主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时， 要用宾格形式。主动句的宾语杲代词的宾格形式，变成被动 时，要转换为主格。如: (1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) i n the south.(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken

4、 care of (by her).2. 含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分 词+ (by+宾语)如：The work can be done.这项工作很容易 做。Other planets may be visited in the future.将来其他的星球也会有 人登陆。3. 主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式，在变被动句时，要加上to.使役动词make/ have/ let sb do sth及感官动词 see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth女|:they heard a girl sing in the next r

5、oom (by them).a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them).五、被动语态的结构：肯定句：主语+ am / is / are +动词的过去分词+(by+人代宾 格)+其他eg .English is studied (by us ) every day.否定句：主语+ am / is / are + not +动词的过去分词+(by+人代 宾格)+其他eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day.疑冋句：Is English not studied (by us ) every

6、day.?特殊疑冋句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去 分词+其他？般过去式的被动语态、掌握一般过去时的被动语态的概念及构成般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经 常性、习惯性的被动动作，由“主语+ was / were +及物动词的 过去分词+ by +动作执行者”构成，无需说明动作执行者时可 省去“by +动作执行者”。句中主语就是原主动语态的宾语， 动作执行者就是原主动语态的主语。was, were的使用由主语的 单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用 was,主语为复数名词、代词they或you时用were。

7、如：This bridge was built in October last year.这座桥是去年十月 份建的。These cakes were made by my mother last night.这些蛋糕是我妈妈昨天晚上做的。The girl said she was often beaten by her brother.女孩说她经 常被她兄弟打。二、掌握一般过去时的被动语态句型的变换方 法般过去时被动语态句型变换应围绕was, were进行，否定形式 应在其后加not,般疑问句形式应将其提至句首，特殊疑冋句 形式应将一般疑问句置于特殊疑问词后面，反意疑问句形式应 保留 was

8、/ wereo 如：His computer was not stolen by thieves last night.他的电脑昨天晚 上没有被小偷偷走。Was your homework finished in time yesterday evening? 昨 天晚上 你 及 时 完 成 家 庭 作 业 了 吗？ When was your letter written? The day before yesterday?你的 信是什么时候写的 ？ 前天 吗？ Why was this problem not worked out by you?为什么你没有 解出这道试题？Your bik

9、e was not repaired last night, was it?你的自行车昨晩没有 被修理，是吗？三、掌握一般过去时的被动语态疑问句的回答 方法般过去时的被动语态的一般疑问句形式肯定回答用“Yes,. was / were.",否定回答用 “No,. wasn' t/weren't.” ；特殊疑问句应抓住特殊疑冋词进行回答，可用简略方法，也可用完整方法；反意疑问句也应用“Yes,. was/were.”或“No,. wasn' t / weren, t.” 进行回答。如:Was your office cleaned yesterday after

10、noon?你的办公室昨天下 午打扫 了吗？ Yes, itwas./No, itwasn' t.是的,打扫了。/不，没有打扫。Were your rooms painted again last week?你的房间上周重新粉 刷了吗？Yes, they were. / No, they weren t. ft的，重新粉刷了。/ 不, 没有重新粉刷。When was your brother sent to work in Beijing?你兄弟是什么时 候被派到北京去工作的？一Last year. / He was sent to work in Beijing last year.去年。/ 他是去 年被派到北京工作的。一Where was the party held last Sunday?上周