名词代词文档

1、名词的数1可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ;orange（桔汁）;fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper（ 纸）;time（时间）;music ; weather ; grass ;news ; food ; fish（鱼肉）;coke ; porridge ; cake（可数或不可数）.不可数名词应注意以下几点：1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单2）表量用约数 some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语eg.

2、 There isbread on the table.A. aB. one C. a piece of D. manyThere is someon the plate.A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen ; woma n wome n ;child childre npolicema n policeme nEn glishma n En glishme nFren chma n Fren chme nfoot feet ; tooth teeth mouse（鼠） miceB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch;

3、x 结尾加 es 读iz2）ce; se; ze; （d）ge 结尾力口 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz3）f （fe）结尾则变 f（fe）为 v 加 es-读vzeg. kni ves n aivz4）辅+y ”结尾变y为i加es清就清s5）一般加s浊就浊zeg. booksbukspen spe nz babiesbeibiz但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomato tomatoes 单复同形：fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都

4、变成复数 man doctor men doctors reef reefs 某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面.eg. Germa n Germa ns people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名词所有格：名词s （意思是“的”）A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1）表两者共有则在后者加“s”Lucy and Lily s father露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy s and Lily s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2）以 s 结尾的词只加“” eg. 1

5、） the boys books 2） Jamesfather3）无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4）双重所有格：a friend of my father sa friend of mine （ V ） a friend of my（ x ）一找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller “ How much is this cat, please? ”“ 100 dollars. ”“ Butyou only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!

6、”“ Yes, that s true. But this cat ate a bird last night andthe bird was worth 80 dollars! ”二 找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：homeworkhalfadvicemoneykno wledgebootmusicchicke nmouthbreadin formati onmilkcoworangewater三选择填空：1. The deer has four.A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2. Her two brothers are both

7、.A. policema n B. policema nsC. policeme n D. policeme ns3. There are fourand twoin the group.A. Japa nese, Germe nB. Japa neses, Germe nC. Japa nese. Germa ns4. Twowould come to the village.A. woma n-doctorsB. wome n doctorC. wome n doctors D. woma n doctors5. Can you see ninein the picture?A. shee

8、p B. dog C. pig D. horse6. Thehas two.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes hisbefore he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8. The Japanesewill not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woma n B. wome n C. man D. men9. There are lot

9、s ofin the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught twolast ni ght.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices四名词所有格练习：1. （李明的父母 ）work in a big hospital.2. This is（我妹妹的语文书 ）3. （John 禾廿 Sally 的母亲）are American.4. （王平和王明的父亲 ）is a hotel manager.5. Is this（你的好朋友的钢笔 ）？6.

10、They are（Peter 禾廿 Sam 的老师）.7. （教师节）is on September 10th .8. （学生们的桌椅 ）are very new.9. We are very happy on（儿童节）.10. （赵敏的鞋）are white.五名词复数形式和数词的练习：1. There are（58 个学生）in our class.2. There are（22 个孩子）in the room.3. I can see（六杯茶）on the table.4. There are（44 位女老师 ）in her school.5. We can see（18 个妇女）ove

11、r there.6. （多少幅画 ）are there in you bedroom?7. I have（3 本字典）.8. Our school has（2 个图书馆）.9. There are（12 个月）in a year.10. There are（13 辆公共汽车 ）on the street.初中英语语法代词复习讲解代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、 指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。一. 人称代词二. 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性 my、your、his、he

12、r、 its、our、 your、 their 名词性 mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs三. 反身代词表示我自己”，”你自己”，他自己”，我们自己”，你们自己”等表示自身或强调自身 的代词称为反身代词。（动词所表达的动作返回到动作者本身）反身代词有人称和数的变化，其形式如下表：单数： myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、复数：ourselves、yourselves、themselves四. 指示代词 指示代词是用来指代上下文中出现的人或事的代词。单数 this， that，it， such , sam

13、e复数these, thosesuch same五. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，具有名词和形容词性质，并有可数和不可数之分，没有确定的对象而有非确定的特指意义。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some 与 any1）some any相当于名词和形容词，作定语时均可以代替可数名词和不可数名词。some多用于肯定句，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。表示“一些，几个”。作形容词时，后面可 以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，表示“一些，任何”，在句中用作主语、 宾语、定语。用作形容

14、词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。2）、if引导的条件句中，用 any不用some.If you have any mon ey,buy some books. If you have any questi ons, please ask me.3） 、：在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any。Will you give me some water?Would you like some meat?Could I have some apples?May I ask some questio ns?Why not buy some fr

15、uit for her?4）、some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，any用在肯定句中时，意思是任何的”。Any stude nt can an swer this questi on.You can take any book you like.Some day Chin ese people will fly to the moon.You may come at any time.5）、any也可与比较级连用，表示程度。Is she any better taday?2. few, a few, little, a little用法用于可数名词用于不可数名词表示肯定概念a few虽少，但

16、有几个a little，虽少，但有一点表示否定概念few不多，几乎没有little不多，没有什么1）、它们在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。Few of us have bee n to Beiji ng.I know little about the book.There is a little water in thia bottle.He has few frien ds.2）、a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。rm a little hungry.（修饰形容词 hungry）Let him sleep a littl

17、e.（修饰动词 sleep）Mary, go a little faster, please.（修饰副词比较级）She slept very little last ni ght.3. other, the other, others, the others, ano ther,other某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面需跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别 的。others其它。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西。 常用于“someothers结构。the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指。常用于“onethe other”结构。the others其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范

18、围内的其他全部。The other +单数或复数名词表示在一定范围内的另一个或几个，特指。an other另一个（指多个中的任何一个）可单独用，也可接单数名词，还可接名词复数，表 示另几个，再几个。Where are his other books?Some are red,a nd others are black.She has two sisters ,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher.Some went to the cin ema, others went swimmi ng.In our class only Tom is En glis

19、h, the others are Chin ese.Would you have ano ther cup of tea?You can see ano ther ship in the sea, cant you?Show me ano ther on e,please?rm still hungry afterve had this cake. Please give me ano ther.4. every 与 eacheach每一个，强调个别情况。主、宾、定、状，可单独使用，可做代名词、形容词、用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。every每一个，强调整体，“每个都”“人人都”，只作

20、定语，不可单独使用，仅作形容 词，用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.（定）I gave each an apple whe n they came.（宾）当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当 我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。Every stude nt loves the En gl

21、ish teacher. = All stude nts love the En glish teacher.Every child likes play ing. = All childre n like play ing.1）、只能说 each of ,不能说 every of ,every one = eachEach of the rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2） 、each every作定语时，后加单数名词；each作主语时谓语动词用单数。Each stude nt has a book.Every stude nt has a book.3）表达

22、每几个”，只能用 everyEvery four days 每四天Every other day 每隔一天Every few metres 每隔几米9、复合不定代词由 some ,any , no, every 力口上-body ,-one,-thing 构成。1）.在句中作主、宾、表。复合不定代词一般用作单数。Nobody is abse nt.Do you n eed any thi ng?Grammer is not everyth ing.2）、复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Is there a

23、nything importa nt?Anything else ？3 ）由some组成的不定代词用于肯定句，由any合成的不定代词用于否定句，疑问和条件句，有些疑问句在表示请求、建议和反问时，也可以用some合成的不定代词。4）.everyone 每一个人，人人，大家，单独使用，不可接 of短语。every one 个人，一件事情。一般要接of短语。5），由any合成的不定代词，不能在否定句中作主语。女口：不能说：Anybody doesn t go to see the film.而应改成： Nobody goes to see the film.六. 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代

24、词。相互代词有each other和one another两种形式。1）、作宾语： each other两个人的关系one ano ther两个以上的人之间的相互关系在当代英语中，each other和one another在运用中没有什么区别。Did you know each other at that time?The stude nts ofte n help each other.We haven t seen one another for a long time.2）、作定语：作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。each other sone ano ther sWe ofte n

25、 correct each others mistakes.They are in terested in one ano thers secret.七. 疑问代词一般都放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词，在句子中作为某一句子成分。疑问代词有 指 人： who, whom, whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：whichWhose is this shirt?=Whose shirt is this?Whose sweaters are these?=Whose are these sweaters?I. Nobody butwas prese nt at the meeti

26、ng. a.he b.him c.his d.she2.She hit him onhead. a.the b.his c.her d.he s3. This dictio nary is hers, that one is. a.myself b.my c.med.mi ne4. has happe ned anddid it?a.Who,who b.What,who c.What ,what d.Who,what5. is the best seas on of the year?a.When b.What c.Which d.What time6. are you looki ng fo

27、r? a.Whose b.Whom c.Which d.Where7. Did you enjoyat the party last Saturday?A. yourself b.you c.yourselves d.youselves8. He tried to makeun derstood. a.him b.he c.himself d.his9. The two of them help. a.each other b.one another c.to each other10. They had to say someth ing.a.one another b.each other c.to each other d.for one anotherII. They ofte n help to correctmistakes.a