生物化学专业英语单词

1、第一章 Prokaryote Eukaryote fractionation biomolecule organism membrane nucleus cocci bacilli spirilla原核生物真核生物分级、分储生物分子生物体、有机体膜细胞核球菌杆菌螺旋菌真细菌原细菌革兰氏阳性菌革兰氏阴性菌蓝细菌细胞浆间体拟核细胞质、原生质双分子层（膜）蛋白质单词表EubacteriaArchaebacteriaGram-positiveGramnegativebacteriaCyanobacteriaPlasmaMesosomeNuleoidSytosoIBilayerProteinLipidC

2、arbohydrateosmoticpressurePeptidoglycanSubcellularGanelleGeneticChromosome脂类糖类、碳水化合物渗透压肽聚糖亚细胞的细胞器遗传的染色体ribosomalribonucleicacidrRNAEndoplasmicreticulum内质网Phospholipid磷脂Detoxification解毒Golgiapparatus高尔基体Refresh更新线粒体氧化磷酸化脂肪酸降解叶绿体类囊体光合作用溶酶体大分子酶细胞支架新陈代谢的Mitochondriaoxidativephosphorylationfattyaciddegra

3、dationChloroplaststhylakoidvesiclesphotosynthesisLysosomesMacromoleculeEnzymeCytoskeletonMetabolicCentrifugationIsolateEquilibriumDensityFrictionVelocitySupernatantPellet第二章AminoacidEnantiomersTetrahedralHydrophobic离心分离平衡密度摩擦力速率上清夜沉淀氨基酸对映体正四面体的疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic脂肪族的Aromatic芳香族的Polar极性的Charged带电荷的Glyci

4、neGly,甘氨酸alanineAla,丙氨酸valineVai,缴氨酸leucineLeu,亮氨酸isoleucineHe,异亮氨酸methionineMet,甲硫氨酸prolinePro,脯氨酸cystineCys,半胱氨酸PhenylalaninePhe,苯丙氨酸TyrosineTyr,酪氨酸TryptophanTrp,色氨酸AsparaginesAsn,天冬酰胺GlutamineGin,谷氨酰胺SerineSer,丝氨酸ThreonineThr,苏氨酸VarginineArg,精氨酸LysineLys,赖氨酸HistidineHis,组氨酸asparticacidAsp,天冬氨酸glu

5、tamicacidGlu,谷氨酸base碱carboxyl竣基isoelectricpointpositivenegativebufferingphysiologicalPrimarystructureSecondarystructureTertiarystructureQuaternarystructurepeptidebondsequencecovalentBondpolypeptide等电点正的、阳性的负的、阴性的缓冲生理的一级结构二级结构三级结构四级结构肽键顺序、序列共价键多肽末端琰基 共振结构 刚性的 旋转顺式构象 二硫键 “落选 氢键B -折叠片 平行的 反平行的 无规卷曲term

6、inalcarbonylresonancestructuresrigidrotatetransconfigurationdisulfidebondsa-helixhydrogenbondB-pleatedsheetparallelantiparallelrandomcoil唯一的空间的排列、安排线性序列残基疏水相互作用内部的静电力盐桥、盐键范德华力亚基变构效应非共价相互作用uniquespatialarrangementlinearsequenceresidueHydrophobicinteractionInteriorElectrostaticforcesaltbridgevanderWaa

7、lsforcesubunitallostericeffectNoncovalentinteractions蛋白质的稳定 空间的、维的 质子供体、赠与者 孤对电子在同一直线上 疏水力 非极性最小化蛋白质折叠 辅助蛋白质分子伴侣肌红蛋白proteinstabilitydimensionalprotondonorlonepairofelectronscollinearHydrophobicforceNonpolarMinimizeproteinfoldingAccessoryproteinmolecularchaperonesMyoglobin血红蛋白辅基必需的血红素缝隙原吓咻口卜咻含铁的最接近的协

8、同的非协同的解离曲线形曲线Hemoglobinprostheticgroupessentialhemecreviceprotoporphyrinporphyrinferrousproximalcooperativenoncooperativedissociationcurvesigmoidalhyperbolic双曲线affinity亲和性bloodcap川aries血管Bohreffect波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate2,3-二磷酸甘油酸MechanismRelaxedstatetensestatehemoglobinopathiesSickle-cellanemiaE

9、rythrocytestickypatchtherapeutic机制松弛状态紧张状态血红蛋白分子病镰刀形细胞贫血症红血球粘性小区治疗的Collagen Skin Bone Tendon Cartilage blood vessel mammal fibrous tripeptide triple-helical cross-linke Allysine Antibodie胶原蛋白皮肤骨骼腱软骨血管哺乳动物纤维状的三肽的三股螺旋的交联醛基赖氨酸抗体ImmunolocalizationAntibodyEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay吸附测定purification

10、ELISA酶联免疫提纯、纯化immunesystempathogentriggerresponseantigenantigenicdetermineepitope免疫系统病原体引发、触发响应、应答抗原抗原决定簇抗原决定簇免疫定位抗体Homogenization匀浆solubilization溶解Ammoniumsulfate硫酸镂Precipitation沉淀Dialysis透析Chromatographictechniques层析技术gelfiltration凝胶过滤affinitychromatography亲和层析Electrophoretictechniques电泳技术isoelect

11、ricfocusing等电聚焦SDSpolyacrylamidegeleletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳半透性配基惰性的基质洗由、流出外源凝集素糖蛋白分子筛 聚两性电解质梯度迁移、移动胰凝乳蛋白酶测序semi-permeableligandinertmatrixelutelectinglycoproteinmolecularsievepolyampholytesgradientmigratechymotrypsinsequencing2-mercaptoethanolninhydrinfluorescaminefluorodinitrobenzenedansyl chlori

12、dephenyl isothiocyanate酯fragmentencodingdecipheranchor第三章biocatalyst2一端基乙醇前三酮荧光胺二硝基氟苯丹磺酰氯PITC苯异硫匐酸片断、碎片编码解读、破译锚定生物催化剂activesite活性中心substrateTheinduced-fitmodelStereospecificitySpecificityTrypsinElastaseOxidoreductaseTransferase底物诱导契合学说立体异构专一性专一性胰蛋白酶弹性蛋白酶氧化还原酶转移酶HydrolaseLyaseIsomeraseLigase水解酶裂合酶异构酶

13、连接酶核酶抗体酶抗体酶类似物化验、测定最佳的辅酶辅因子脱辅酶全酶乙酰胆碱酯酶烟酰胺腺喋吟RibozymeAbzymecatalyticantibodyanalogassayoptimalCoenzymeCofactorapoenzymeholoenzymeacetylcholinesteraseNicotinamideAdenineDinucleotidePhosphateOxidationreductionFlavinMononucleotideAcylthiaminepyrophosphatedecarboxylasePyridoxalPyridoxaminePyridoxine二核昔酸磷

14、酸氧化还原单核昔酸酰基焦磷酸硫胺素脱竣酶叱哆醛叱哆胺叱哆醇泛醍Ubiquinone同功酶动力学乳酸脱氢酶成比例的使饱和热的变性最适宜的多样性米氏方程双倒数作图法抑制抑制剂IsoenzymesKineticlactatedehydrogenaseproportionalsaturatethermaldenaturationoptimumdiversityMichaelis-Mentenequationdouble-reciprocalplotinhibitionInhibitor代谢物不可逆的可逆的竞争性的非竞争性的探测临床上调节关键步骤激活剂调节反馈连续的MetaboliteIrreversi

15、bleReversibleCompetitiveNoncompetitiveProbeClinicallyRegulationcommittedstepactivatorAdjustFeedbackSequentialBranchedConformationalhomotropiceffectheterotropiceffectPhosphofructokinaseCitrateFructose2,6bisphosphate2,6-phosphorylationdephosphorylationhydroxylhormoneGlycogenphosphorylase分支的构象的同促效应异促效应

16、磷酸果糖激酶柠檬酸盐二磷酸果糖磷酸化去磷酸化羟基激素糖原磷酸化酶使磷酸化Phosphorylate糖原合酶使去磷酸化蛋白质水解的酶原酶原水解胰腺的胰腺小肠血液凝固扩大级联glycogensynthaseunphosphorylateproteolyticproenzymeszymogenhydrolysispancreaticpancreassmallintestinebloodclottingamplificationcascade第四章boundary边界compartments小室Mechanical机械的signaling发信号insoluble不可溶的glycerophospholi

17、pids甘油磷月旨类sphingolipids鞘脂类sterols固醇类glycerol甘油sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingomyelins鞘磷脂cholesterol胆固醇steroid类固醇Amphipathic Hydrophilic Bulky self-assemble fluidityrotationallateralFluid mosaic modelIntegralFlipintegral membrane proteinsperipheral membrane proteins两性的亲水的体积大的自组装的流动性转动的侧向的流体镶嵌模型整体的、内在的翻跟头内在膜蛋白外周

18、膜蛋白不对称 不对称地 跨膜蛋白 多重的脂锚定蛋白 异核体融合重建重新合并 细胞外的 细胞内的被动运输 主动运输asymmetryasymmetricallymembrane-spaningproteinMultipleLipid-anchoredproteinsHeterokaryonFusionReconstitutionReincorporatedExtracellularIntercellularPassivetransportactivetransportconcentration diffusion saturable facilitated symport antiport ep

19、ithelial cells exocytosis endocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis浓度扩散可饱和的协助的、推动的同向运送逆向运送上皮细胞分泌作用内吞作用吞噬作用胞饮作用Receptormediatedendocytosisfusion受体介导的内吞作用debris碎片transduction转导Lipophilic亲脂性的Receptors受体secondmessengers第二信使第五章Nucleicacid核酸Replication复制Nucleotide核昔酸Pyrimidine喀陡Guanine鸟喋吟胸腺喀陡胞喀陡核昔脱氧核糖核昔核糖核昔脱氧核

20、糖核甘酸基因互补地核小体突环玫瑰花结半保留的聚合酶ThymineCytosineNucleosideDeoxyribonucleosideribonucleosidedeoxyribonucleotidegenescomplementarilynucleosomelooprosettesemi-conservativepolymerase模板 引物叉双向的冈崎片段 半不连续的链、一股杂交熔融温度 复性 标记的 荧光的 标记、标签templateprimerforkBidirectionalOkazakifragmentssemi-discontinuousstrandhybridization

21、meltingtemperaturerenaturationlabeledfluorescenttag退火增强、扩大中心法则转录起始延伸终止启动子回文结构加工拼接逆转录annealingamplifyThecentraldogmaTranscriptioninitiationElongationterminationpromoterspalindromeprocessingsplicingreversetranscription第六章遗传密码中间的、媒介密码子明确的相应、符合简并的变异合并不相重叠的阅读框氨酰-tRNA肽酰-tRNA茎、干、臂geneticcodeintermediatecod

22、onsunambiguouscorresponddegeneratemutationincorporationnonoverlappingreadingframesaminoacyl-tRNApeptidyl-tRNAstem反密码子 移位代谢糖类单糖醛基酮基立体异构体寡糖 糖昔键多糖 淀粉anticodontranslocation第七章metabolismSaccharidesmonosaccharidesaldehydegroupketonegroupStereoisomersOligosaccharidesGlycosidicbondPolysaccharidesStarch纤维素 葡

23、聚糖 直链淀粉 支链淀粉 糖醉解 细胞质 葡萄糖 半乳糖 甘露糖 蔗糖 海藻糖 乳糖己糖激酶CelluloseDextranAmyloseamylopectinGlycolysisCytoplasmGlucoseGalactoseMannoseSucroseTrehaloseLactoseHexokinaseFructosePhosphoglucoisomeraseBisphosphateglyceraldehydesdihydroxyacetonealdolasetriose果糖磷酸葡萄糖变位酶二磷酸甘油醛二羟丙酮醛缩酶丙糖二磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶磷酸甘油酸激酶1,3-bisphosphoglyc

24、erate'dehydrogenase3-phosphoglycerate3-kinasemutasephosphoenolpyruvate变位酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolasepyruvateGluconeogenesisNoncarbhydrateLiverskeletalmusclephosphorylasePhosphorolysispyrophosphorylaseglucosylnonreducingendEpinephrineglucagon烯醇化酶丙酮酸糖异生非糖的肝脏骨骼肌磷酸化酶磷酸化焦磷酸化酶葡萄糖基非还原端肾上腺素胰高血糖素Insulin胰岛素第八章fattyacidhydrocarboncarboxylicacidUnsaturatedTriacylglycerolAcetylThioesterCa