人教版英语高二选修8 Unit2 Language points

1、人教课标人教课标 高二高二 选修选修 8Unit 21. differ vi. different, difference 常见的结构有：常见的结构有：differ from . 与与不同不同differ in 在在方面不同方面不同differ with sb. on / about / over sth. 与某人在某事上意见不同与某人在某事上意见不同 【点拨【点拨】a. 用作用作“不同不同”解时，只接介词解时，只接介词 from。 b. 有不同意见，表示异议时接有不同意见，表示异议时接 from 与与 with 均可。均可。 c. 表示在某方面不同时，用介词表示在某方面不同时，用介词 in。

2、 【拓展延伸【拓展延伸】difference n. 差别差别 different adj. 不同的不同的be different from与与不同不同 make a(no) difference 有（没有）区分；有（没有）重要关系有（没有）区分；有（没有）重要关系 It makes no difference to sb. 对对没关系没关系 【典型例题【典型例题】Thoughts of Oriental(东方人东方人) differ much_ westerners in a number of ways.A. between B. between those C. from D. from

3、those of【答案【答案】D 考查考查differ的用法的用法 【点拨【点拨】此处应该用指代的词，结构和此处应该用指代的词，结构和thoughts of一样，但用一样，但用those代替代替 用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。(1) Im sorry to differ _ you _ the matter.(2) The customs here differ _ those of the south.(3) The two girls differ _ language.(4) There are many differences _ living in the city and l

4、iving in the countryside.fromon/ overfrominbetween2. It is a difficult task to undertake. undertake vt. 观察示例观察示例: The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然当然, 这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。I can undertake the responsibility for the chang

5、es. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。The lawyer undertook a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。undertake 是及物动词是及物动词, 主要有两个义项主要有两个义项: 着手做着手做, 从事从事, 进行进行; 担任担任, 承担承担, 答应答应, 同同意。意。归纳拓展归纳拓展： 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。 (1) He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅行). (2) He _ _ _ _ (承担承担一项新任务一项新任务).undertooktasknewaaundertakejourne

6、y3. object v. objection n. 观察示例观察示例: On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面另一方面, 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。vi. 不赞成不赞成, 反对反对n. 物品物品, 目标目标派生词派生词 objection n. 不赞成不赞成, 反对反对常用搭配常用搭配

7、 object to sth./doing sth. 反对反对(做做)某事某事object to sb. 反对某人反对某人object that 反对反对have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对对表示反对表示反对raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对对提出异议提出异议归纳拓展：归纳拓展： object作不及物动词时后接介词作不及物动词时后接介词to或或against; 作及物动词时可接作及物动词时可接that引导的从引导的从句。句。 objection是名词是名词, 常与常与have, take, feel等等

8、连用构成词组：连用构成词组： have objection to take objection to feel objection to 句型转换句型转换(1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?object to(2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too young,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.object

9、toobjected4. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain.obtain vt. 观察示例观察示例: Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information. 同时你将获得大量的知识。同时你将获得大量的知识。 She obtained her doctors degree in 1996. 她她1996年获得博士学位。年获得博士学位。The books can be obtained from

10、 the library. 这些书可以在图书馆里取得。这些书可以在图书馆里取得。His achievement obtained him great fame. 他的成就使得他获得很大的名声他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。 obtain 指通过努力从特定的地方获得指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。非常想要的东西。 get 指得到指得到, 所取得的东西不一定跟努所取得的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。力、意志有关。 gain 指通过努力取得对自己有益或有指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。价值的东西。obtain, get & gain 将下列句子译成汉语。将下列句子译成汉语。(1

11、) She has obtained a driving licence. _(2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. _她已经取得了驾驶执照。她已经取得了驾驶执照。他获得了北京大学的入学资格。他获得了北京大学的入学资格。5. forbid vt. 观察示例观察示例 Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 一些政府开始改革他们的法律体系一些政府开始改革他们的法律体系, 禁止对人类克隆的研究。禁止对人类克隆的研究。词义词

12、义 vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止禁止, 不准不准反议词反议词 allow 允许允许, 准许准许常用搭配常用搭配 forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止禁止(做做)某事某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人禁止某人做某事做某事 forbid that 禁止禁止 allow sth./doing sth. 允许允许(做做)某事某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事词语辩析词语辩析 forbid, ban, prohibit这三个词都含这三个词都含“禁止禁止”的意思

13、的意思, 具体区别具体区别如如下下:(1) forbid 是常用词是常用词, 指指“命令某人不做某命令某人不做某事事”, 禁止禁止, 不准不准, 不许。如：不许。如：The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。医生禁止他吸烟。Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟。演奏厅内不准吸烟。(2) ban语气较重，指权威机机关语气较重，指权威机机关“正式禁正式禁止止”, (法律上法律上)禁止禁止, 含含“严厉谴责严厉谴责”之意之意,只能用事物作其宾语只能用事物作其宾语, 如如:Ban atomic an

14、d nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器禁止原子武器和核武器!(3) prohibit指指“通过法律或政府法令通过法律或政府法令”, 如如:The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。天黑后士兵不准离开营房。 注意事项注意事项 (1) forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语语, 而是跟动名词作宾语而是跟动名词作宾语, 但是可以但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语跟不定式作宾语补足语(forbid sb. to do sth.), 类似的动词还有类似的动词还有

15、: allow, permit, advise等。等。(2) forbid后接后接that引导的从句时引导的从句时, 从句的从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气谓语动词应该用虚拟语气, 即即should +动词原形动词原形, should可以省略。可以省略。原文再现原文再现 Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning. 根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。(1) He _ (禁止员工禁止员工吸烟吸烟) during office hours.(2) Many parents _

16、 _ (禁止他们的孩子独自禁止他们的孩子独自外出外出) at night.(3) Marriage _ (被禁止被禁止) during college time in the past.forbids staff to smoke forbid their children to go out alonewas forbidden6. accumulate vt. but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning

17、 could provide. 有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克有些国家比如中国和英国继续收集克隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。隆能提供丰富的医疗帮助的证据。He accumulated fortune by hard work. 他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。The purpose of education is not just accumulating information. 教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。vi. 积聚积聚Dust accumulated during my absence. 我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。我不在期间灰尘

18、积聚了起来。 归纳拓展：归纳拓展： accumulate可作及物动词和不及物可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示动词，表示: 收集收集, 聚集聚集, 堆积。堆积。 另外另外 accumulation n. 积聚积聚 如如: the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚知识的积聚 考例考例 Clinical evidence began to _, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in an

19、imals. （湖北（湖北2011）A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate D 点拨点拨 选选 D。句意为：越来越多的临床证据。句意为：越来越多的临床证据表明，这些新药的用途比以往在动物表明，这些新药的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预测到的更广泛。身上做实验所预测到的更广泛。operate 操作，运转；操作，运转；strengthen 加强；加强；approve 批准，赞成。批准，赞成。 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。(1) He quickly _ _ _ (积蓄了一大笔财富积蓄了一大笔财富).(2) Clouds began to _

20、 _ _ _ (在天空中聚集在天空中聚集).largeinaccumulatedfortuneaccumulateskythe7. retire vi.观察示例观察示例:He retired at the age of 65. 他他65岁退休。岁退休。He will soon retire from the army.他不久将退役。他不久将退役。The men went on talking while the ladies retired.男人们继续交谈男人们继续交谈, 而女士们退到了客厅。而女士们退到了客厅。She retired early that night. 那天晚上她就寝得早。那

21、天晚上她就寝得早。 归纳拓展：归纳拓展： retire作不及物动词时有两个义项作不及物动词时有两个义项: 退役退役, 退职退职; 退出退出, 退后退后, 从餐厅回到从餐厅回到客厅客厅, 就寝就寝 (较较go to bed正式正式)。 完成句子。完成句子。(1) He worked as a guard after _ _ _ _ (退役退役).(2) The troops _ _ _ _ (从从战地退了回来战地退了回来). field n. 战地战地the armyfieldretiringfromretired from the8. bother 观察示例观察示例: vt. However,

22、 the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 但是但是, 她后来得了严重的肺病这个问她后来得了严重的肺病这个问题让科学家们感到烦恼。题让科学家们感到烦恼。 Dont bother yourself about me. 别为我担心。别为我担心。 Does the noise bother you much? 那噪音使你深感困扰吗？那噪音使你深感困扰吗？ vi. Shall I help you? 要我帮忙吗？要我帮忙吗？ Dont bother. Ill do it myself

23、. 不用麻烦不用麻烦, 我会自己做。我会自己做。 Dont bother to call. 不用打电话来。不用打电话来。bother n.I found the house without any bother. 我毫不费事地找到了那座房子。我毫不费事地找到了那座房子。What a bother you are! 你真讨厌！你真讨厌！归纳拓展：归纳拓展：bother 作及物动词表示作及物动词表示: 烦扰，打扰烦扰，打扰作不及物动词表示作不及物动词表示: 麻烦，费事麻烦，费事作名词表示作名词表示: 麻烦麻烦, 麻烦的事麻烦的事, 引起麻烦的人引起麻烦的人构成的短语有：构成的短语有：bother

24、about sth.bother with sth.bother to do sth. 将下列句子译成汉语。将下列句子译成汉语。(1) The neighbours were bothered by the noise of the party. _(2) Dont bother him while he is working. _(3) Did you have much bother finding the address? _邻居们被聚会的噪音所困扰。邻居们被聚会的噪音所困扰。他工作的时候不要打扰他。他工作的时候不要打扰他。你找到那个地址费了很大周折吗？你找到那个地址费了很大周折吗？ 9

25、. resist vt. 观察示例观察示例: Others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其他的将存活下来并传递其后代抵抗其他的将存活下来并传递其后代抵抗这种病的能力。这种病的能力。 词义词义 vt. (to remain firm against the actions, effects, or force of ) 抵制抵制, 抵抗抵抗派生词派生词 resistance n. 抵抗抵抗, 反抗反抗; 抗性抗性; 抵抗力抵抗力; 耐性耐性resistant

26、 adj. 抵抗的抵抗的; 防防的；抗的；抗的的resister n. 抵抗者抵抗者resistibility n. 可抵抗性；抵抗力可抵抗性；抵抗力常用搭配常用搭配 resist sth. /doing sth. 抵制某事抵制某事/做某事做某事cant resist sth./ doing sth. 禁不住某事禁不住某事/做某事做某事resist the enemy/ temptation 抵抗敌人抵抗敌人/抵制诱惑抵制诱惑 根据汉字提示完成句子。根据汉字提示完成句子。(1) We are determined to stay and _ (抵抗敌人抵抗敌人).(2) Tom _ (忍不忍不

27、住开玩笑住开玩笑) about his strange hairstyle.(3) Quite a few people in power _ _ (抵制不住金抵制不住金钱的诱惑钱的诱惑) and disobey the law. cant resist the temptation of moneyresist the enemycouldnt resist playing jokes( ) Although a teenager, Peter resisted _ what to do and what not to do.A. telling B. being toldC. to tel

28、l D. to be told【解析【解析】B 考查考查resist的用法。的用法。resist doing sth 抵制做某事抵制做某事, 且主语且主语Peter 和和tell之间是被动关系之间是被动关系, 故故B正确。正确。B1. cast down 使沮丧使沮丧 观察示例观察示例: Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。在年老

29、的羊身上。Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！打起精神来！ 归纳拓展：归纳拓展： cast down 有两个义项有两个义项: 毁掉；使沮丧毁掉；使沮丧 cast away 丢弃丢弃 cast off 放弃；丢弃放弃；丢弃 cast out 赶走赶走 将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到这个消息他很沮丧。_(2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _ _He was cast down to hear the news. Finding o

30、ut the truth made him cast down.2. in favour of 意为意为“赞成；支持赞成；支持”。 Is he in favour of cloning or against cloning? 他赞成还是反对克隆他赞成还是反对克隆? The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team. 比分是比分是80比比78，客队获胜。，客队获胜。 The exchange rate is in our favour today. 今天的兑换率对我们有利。今天的兑换率对我们有利。拓展拓展 同学们还学过其他表示此类意思同学们还学

31、过其他表示此类意思的短语，我们来总结一下，这对大家的的短语，我们来总结一下，这对大家的英语学习会很有帮助哦！英语学习会很有帮助哦！be for 支持支持be against 反对反对 agree with 同意同意disagree with 不同意；持不同意见不同意；持不同意见thumbs up 翘大拇指，赞扬，同意翘大拇指，赞扬，同意thumbs down 不赞成，不满不赞成，不满 将下列句子翻译成英语。将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 你赞成她独自一人去那个村庄吗？你赞成她独自一人去那个村庄吗？2. 在昨天的会议上，我们大家一致赞成经在昨天的会议上，我们大家一致赞成经理的建议。理的建议。Are

32、you in favour of her going to the village alone?All of us were in favour of the managers suggestion at yesterdays meeting.3. be bound to 注定；有义务做注定；有义务做 观察示例观察示例: Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries. 多莉的死和她的生一样，注定要引起忧多莉的死和她的生一样，注定要引起忧虑。虑。 The weather is bound to get better tomorr

33、ow. 明天天气一定会变好。明天天气一定会变好。词语联想词语联想 be bound for 准备去准备去; 前往前往be bound up in sth. 专注于某事专注于某事, 忙于某事忙于某事be bound up with 与与有密切关系有密切关系原文再现原文再现 Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries. 根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。(1) You have done so much that you _ (必定会成功必定会成功).(2) We _ _ (打算回家过春节打算回家过春节).(3) I

34、feel _ (有必要有必要) tell you about it.bound toare bound to succeed are bound for home for the Spring Festival( ) I feel _ to tell you that youre drinking too much.A. guilty B. duty C. proud D. bound【解析】【解析】D 考查固定搭配。句意考查固定搭配。句意: 我觉得我觉得有必要告诉你你酒喝得太多了。有必要告诉你你酒喝得太多了。 be bound to do sth. 有责任、义务做某事。有责任、义务做某事。D

35、4. pay off 得到好结果得到好结果; 取得成功取得成功; 付清付清观察观察 阅读下列句子，观察阅读下列句子，观察pay off在在句中的意思。句中的意思。1. The house is finished at last. All their hard work has paid off.2. It took them three years to pay off the debt. 归纳归纳 pay off作不及物短语动词，意为作不及物短语动词，意为“_”（句（句1）；作及物短语动词，意为）；作及物短语动词，意为“_”（句（句2）。）。 得到好结果得到好结果，取得成功，取得成功偿清偿清

36、 词语联想词语联想pay (sb.) back sth. 还还(某人某人)某物某物pay sb. back for sth. 因因而报复而报复/惩罚某人惩罚某人pay for sth. 付付的钱；为的钱；为付出代价付出代价pay out 为某事而付出大笔款项为某事而付出大笔款项 pay up付清付清注意事项注意事项 pay off 当当“(努力、辛苦努力、辛苦)得到好结得到好结果；果；(事业、计划事业、计划) 成功成功”讲时，为讲时，为不及物动词短语，用主动语态。不及物动词短语，用主动语态。原文再现原文再现 You might find this hard at first but it pa

37、ys off when you come to speak. 用用pay 相关短评的适当形式完成句子相关短评的适当形式完成句子(1) Ill _ (还你钱还你钱) next month.(2) You must _ (为为付出代价付出代价) your rude words.(3) _ (他努力没有白费他努力没有白费) when the manager accepted his proposal.(4) She _ 200 yuan _ (付付的钱的钱) Toms bike.forpay you backpay forHis efforts paid offpaid1. Although at

38、present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. 分析分析 a. 本句的主干是本句的主干是newspapers wrote of evil leaders。b. although引导的让步状语从句中，引导的让步状语从句中，needed for cloning research是过去分词是过去分词短

39、语作后置定语，修饰短语作后置定语，修饰human egg cells and embryos。c. 在主句中，在主句中，hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions是动词是动词-ing形式形式短语作后置定语，修饰短语作后置定语，修饰 _。evil leaders2. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued t

40、o accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 分析分析 a. 本句是一个由本句是一个由but连接的并列句。连接的并列句。b. 第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词：第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词：began和和 _。c. 第二个分句中，第二个分句中，that引导定语从句，修引导定语从句，修饰先行词饰先行词medical aid。forbade3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us a

41、nd where it is leading us. 分析分析 a. 本句的主句是本句的主句是scientists still wonder。b. whether和和where分别引导两个从句，分别引导两个从句，作作wonder的宾语。的宾语。 仿写仿写 _ _ 我们仍怀疑我们的计划能否在明天的会我们仍怀疑我们的计划能否在明天的会议上通过。议上通过。We still wonder whether our plan can be approved at the meeting tomorrow.I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示或汉语提示, 写出

42、各单词的正确形式。写出各单词的正确形式。1. There are twenty boys and twenty girls in our class. That is to say there are forty students a_.2. By buying two books every month, he soon _ (积累积累) as many books as a good library.altogetheraccumulated3. The lawyer u_ the case for free because the old man was poor.4. What is

43、the _ (准确的准确的) meaning of what you said just now?5. Could you explain the p_ for shutting down the computer?6. The fans complained about the apparently a_ distribution of tickets for the next game.undertookexactprocedurearbitrary 7. She blushed, c_ her eyes down.8. The book places a high m_ value on marriage and the family unit.9. Doctors have made a great _ (突破突破) in the kidney transplant.10.