FieldIterpreting(3)(4)数字口译

1、Figures in InterpretingLecture 3Outline导入练习基础数字口译技巧分数和小数的口译 (fraction&decimal)模糊数字的口译 (fuzzy numbers)特殊倍数的口译 实战训练Reading and interpreting numbers properlynRead the following numbers in Englishn123n54296n100000000n87654321nInterpreting numbersn1 亿？n100m; 0.1bn150 billion?n1500亿nInterpreting Chine

2、se ordinal numbers nChallenges : cultural differencesnE.g.1 你们队得了第几名？你们队得了第几名？In Chinese we often hear or talk about ordinal numbers. If we interpret in English, we have to change the ways of asking/inquiry.n你们队得了第几名？Did your team win the championship?Did you get/win the first place in the competiti

3、on?数字口译的难点是什么？数字口译的难点是什么？1. 数字所含信息量大数字所含信息量大2. 中英文数字表达方式存在差异中英文数字表达方式存在差异 数位的不同数位的不同 倍数表达不同倍数表达不同 分数表达不同等等分数表达不同等等3. 数字与单位的搭配需紧密数字与单位的搭配需紧密4. 数字通常和信息相结合数字通常和信息相结合 n数字口译基本方法不同的表达方式不同的表达方式英语英语分节号：分节号：thousand, million, thousand, million, billion billion（十亿）（十亿）汉语汉语档位：个、十、百、千、档位：个、十、百、千、 万、亿万、亿1, 0 0 0

4、, 0 0 0, 0 0 0bmth亿万千第一段位TenHundred第二段位Ten thousandHundred thousand第三段位Ten millionHundred million第四段位Ten billionHundred billion第五段位第一段位个 十 百 千 第二段位十万 百万 千万第三段位十亿百亿千亿第四段位兆（万亿）汉语数字分段法：英语数字分段法：阿拉伯数字阿拉伯数字英语英语汉语汉语1One一一10Ten十十100One hundred一百一百1，000One thousand一千一千10，000Ten thousand一万一万 (首位首位*10) thousan

5、d100，000One hundred thousand十万十万 (首位首位*10) thousand1，000，000One million一百万一百万10，000，000Ten million一千万一千万 (首位首位*10) million100，000，000One hundred million一亿一亿 (首位首位*100) million1，000，000，000One billion十亿十亿 (首位首位/10) billion10，000，000，000Ten billion一百亿 (首位/10) billion100，000，000，000One hundred billion一

6、千亿 (首位/10) billion1，000，000，000，000One trillion一兆（万亿）1三位以内数字的口译三位以内数字的口译n三位以内数字的汉英互译在语言表达上基本一致，各数字都有相应的词，无须推算，只要按英语和汉语的习惯读出数字就行了。只是英语的百位和十位之间一般要加“and”。n15fifteen35thirty-five101one hundred and one207two hundred and seven370three hundred and seventy414four hundred and fourteen839eight hundred and thi

7、rty-nine948nine hundred and forty-eight2四位以上数字的口译四位以上数字的口译n（1）“点三杠四法”是根据英汉两种语言数字分节方法的不同而专门设计的。英文数字是三位一节，汉语数字是四位一节。英文数字以逗点从右至左每三位一点，汉语数字以斜杠从右至左每四位一划。a. 听到汉语数字：“十五亿三千九百八十七万六千三百二十一”b. 在笔记上记下：“15亿3987万6321”c. 从右至左按英语计数方式三位一点：“1,5亿39,87万6,321”d. 在每个逗点下方标记英文计数单位：“1,b539,m876,th321”e. 读出英文: “one billion fi

8、ve hundred thirty-nine million eight hundred seventy-six thousand three hundred and twenty-one”a.听到英文数字：“thirty-six million seven hundred twenty-fourthousand six hundred and thirty-one” b.在笔记上记下: “36m724th631”c.从左至右按汉语计数方式每四位一划: “36m72/4th631”d.在每个斜线下标出汉语计数单位：“3672/万4631”e.读出汉语: “ 三千六百七十二万四千六百三十一”n（

9、2）是针对数字中有空位的情况下而设计的。如上例中，假如每一位上都有数字，那么翻译时直接使用“点三杠四”法即可。但如果某些数位为零时，情况就要复杂一些。首先要注意数字中是否有零数位，有几个零数位，然后及时补零。此时就要注意汉语数字是以“千”位起始的四位一节，而英语数字是以hundred(百位)起始的三位一节。a. 听到汉语数字：“六亿零五十八万零三十六”b. 在笔记上记下：“6亿58万36”c. 按照汉语数字每节四位的特点从右至左补零：“6亿0058万0036”d. 从右至左按英语计数方式三位一点：“6亿00,58万0,036”e. 在每个逗点下方标记英文计数单位：“600,m580,th036

10、”f. 读出英文：“six hundred million five hundred eighty thousand and thirty-six”a.听到英文数字：“one hundred billion thirty-six million seven thousand and forty-one”b.在笔记中记下：“100b36m7th41”c.按照英语数字每节三位的特点从右至左补零：“100b036m007th041”d.从左至右按汉语计数方式每四位一划：“100b0/36m00/7th041”e.在每个斜线下标出汉语计数单位：“1000/亿3600/万7041”f.读出汉语：“一千亿

11、三千六百万七千零四十一”n实践是训练数字互译的根本途径。口译教学要集中一段时间专门进行数字口译训练。译员只有经过大量反复的数字口译实践才能掌握英汉数字互译的不同特点和规律，达到数字互译脱口而出，快速、准确的程度。 nPractice InRead the following figures in Chinese: 3,8993,9087,00930,00990,59179,301780,120504,781312,6852,345,4101,129,1051,001,45331,289,09810,209,01324,155,876160,890,232101,870,171278,067,9

12、911,898,220,0001,029,991,12490,892,134,783672,009,719,2298,890,234,891,889135,481,901,270n六万n五十七万n四百七十六万n九百六十一万n五千九百三十三万n七百五十亿n十一亿七千五百万n三千五百三十八万五千n九亿三千六百七十七万七千1369n one thousand three hundred and sixty-nine2010ntwo thousand and ten4705nfour thousand seven hundred and five6003nsix thousand and three1

13、5600nfifteen thousand six hundred75426391nseventy five million, four hundred and twenty-six thousand, three hundred and ninety-one564000000nfive hundred and sixty-four million1250000000none billion two hundred and fifty millionn序数词特殊口译法序数词特殊口译法汉语中有些用序数词提问的问题，翻译在英语时，要改变提汉语中有些用序数词提问的问题，翻译在英语时，要改变提问法，不

14、能按汉语的思路直译，要按英语序数词的习惯表达问法，不能按汉语的思路直译，要按英语序数词的习惯表达法说，否则会言不由衷。以下是正确的表达法法说，否则会言不由衷。以下是正确的表达法：n例1：这是您第几次访问中国？nHow many times have you been to China?nIs this your first visit to China?nThis isnt your first visit to China, is it?n例2：这孩子是（您的）老几呀？nIs this your eldest youngestson daughter?n分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译分数和

15、小数的口译分数和小数的口译 Fractions(cardinal no./ordinal no.)六分之一：六分之一： 二分之一：二分之一：四分之一：四分之一：四分之三：四分之三：one-sixtha/one halfa/one quarterthree quarters分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译五分之二：五分之二：十分之七：十分之七：千分之三：千分之三：two-fifthsseven-tenthsthree-thousandths分数和小数的口译分数和小数的口译六又七分之四：六又七分之四：六又二分之一：六又二分之一：九又四分之三：九又四分之三：six and four-sevenths

16、six and a halfnine and three quarters分数和分数和小数的口译小数的口译0.7:0.546: 0.009%:point seven; zero point sevenpoint five four sixzero point o o nine percent分数和分数和小数的口译小数的口译9.007：87.36%:nine point 0 0 seven； nine point zero zero seven eighty-seven point three six percent分数和分数和小数的口译小数的口译0.8 万万 ：0.7亿：亿：0.93亿：亿：5

17、6.08万：万：8，000；eight thousand70,000,000; seventy million93,000,000; ninety-three million560,800; five hundred and sixty thousand eight hundredn比例读法比例读法n3:5 三比五 the ratio of three to five n3:6=4:8 三比六等于四比八 three is to six as four to eight 或 three divided by six equals four divided by eight. n不成比例 out

18、of proportion n模糊数字的口译 口译中经常遇到一些模糊数字，如“几个”、“十几个”、“几十个”、“成百上千个”等等。模糊数字的口译虽也有一定的规律，但主要靠平时熟记，用时才能熟练自如，准确无误。注意以下模糊数字的口译。模糊数字的口译模糊数字的口译n几个 n十几个 n几十个 n几十年 n七十好几了 n好几百个 n成千上万 n几十万 nsome; a few;/several; a number ofnmore than 10; no more than twentyndozens ofnDecadesnwell over seventynhundreds ofnthousands

19、ofnhundreds of thousands ofNote the following ways of uncertain numbers： well over seventyin her/his early twentiesin her/his late thirties nearly/almost eighty (years old)hundreds ofhundreds of thousands ofmillions ofhundreds of millions ofhalf a centurycentennial CenturyFigures in InterpretingLect

20、ure 4nlead-in Practice n8666 : n801806： n2009005： n363605401： n45060130： n945063505：n n1278865000n n12.5 millionn n15.28 billion n n1.03 trillionn n5.8万元n 58,000 yuann166.68万吨n 1,666,800 tonsn866.9万人次n 8,669,000 visitorsn436.75万名新生n 4,367,500 newcomersn特殊倍数的表达A is N times larger（longer，heavier）than

21、B.A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times.A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B.这三句英语的含义都是“A的大小(长度、重量)是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（长、重）N-1倍”。根据以上规律，请看下面英语句子的汉译：n(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.n地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍)n(3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countrysid

22、e people in the world.n30年内，全世界的城市居民将是农村人口的两倍。n“增/减了百分之几”英语和汉语的含义一致，都表示净增或净减百分数。英汉增/减百分数的表示法有以下几种：n1) 增/减了%nincrease/rise/grow%ndecrease/drop/fall/sink %n或者nincrease/rise/grow/go up by %ndecrease/drop/fall/go down by %nBetween 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits decreased by mo

23、re than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.n与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果，从1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了18%，利润下降了40%多。n2) 与相比，增/减了%nincrease/rise/grow /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / overndecrease/drop/fall/go down by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to /overn1999年

24、，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了47.4%。 University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 percent over the previous year. 由于汉语很少用“减少了若干倍”的说法，而多用“减少了百分之几”或“减少了几成”的说法，因此，减少多用百分数和分数表示。 (1) 由于水灾，去年的收成减少了三成。Owing to flood, the crop last year was declined by 30 percent.(2) 该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一。The personnel of the comp

25、any have been reduced nearly by one-third.n, a % increase over the previous/last yearn, ayear-on-yearincreaseofn去年收入总计人民币150亿元，比上年增长20%nThe of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the previous year.nShort expressionsn失业率 nunemployment rate n通货膨胀率 ninflation rate n增长率 ngrowth rate n出生

26、率 nbirth rate n死亡率 ndeath rate, mortality (rate) n利率 ninterest rate n汇率，兑换率 nexchange rate n收入 nearning, income, revenue n总收入 ngross income/ earnings n净收入 nnet income n支出 nexpenditure, outgoings n总成本ntotal cost n国民生产总值 nGNP(Gross National Product) n国内生产总值 nGDP(Gross Domestic Product) n顺差 nsurplus n逆

27、差n trade deficit n 吞吐量 nthroughput n货币的贬值 ndevaluation of the currency n升值 nappreciationncapital appreciation n销售额 nsales volume n利润额 nprofit margin n投资总额 ntotal investmentn产量noutput n投资回报 nreturns n高回报率 nhigh returns n营业额 nbusiness volume/turnover n贸易额 nforeign trade volumen全国财政收入全国财政收入nNationalrev

28、enuenPractice n20062006年年全国财政收入全国财政收入万亿万亿元，元，比上年增加比上年增加亿亿元元nIn2006,Nationalrevenuereached3.93trillionyuan,ayear-on-yearincreaseof769.4billionyuan.（比上年增加）（比上年增加）n上海上海占地面积占地面积63416341平方公里，人平方公里，人口口18701870万，其中流动人口万，其中流动人口2 2百万。百万。nShanghaicoversanareaof6341squarekilometerswithapopulationof18.7million,

29、includingatransientpopulationof2million.n20012001年中国进出口总额达到年中国进出口总额达到50985098亿美元亿美元，是，是19981998年的年的4.64.6倍。倍。nIn2001,Chinastotalimportandexportvolumereached$509.8billion,4.6timesasmuchasthatin1998.n到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到40,000亿美元左右nQuadruple nBy 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 2000 to ap

30、proximately 4 trillion USD.n今年的粮食产量比去年增长2成. n20%nThe of grain this year increased by 20% over the last year. 如下列句子中划线的词汇：nThe area of cultivated land decreased by 7.6 million hectares, but the yield per hectare rose by an average of 180 kg.nAverage annual grain supply per person grow from 200 to 400

31、kg, and meat from 9 to 15kg. 英语中有丰富的描述数字上升、下降或稳定的词汇，即趋势语（trend language）。下面列举一些英语中常用来表达趋势的词汇：下面列举一些英语中常用来表达趋势的词汇：n表示上升趋势：表示上升趋势：nan increase增加, a rise提高, a climb爬升, a jump上升, a growth增长;n to increase增加, to rise提高, to climb爬升, to jump上升, to grow增长, to reach升至, to go up上升。n表示下降趋势表示下降趋势：na fall下降, a dr

32、op跌落, a decline下跌, a decrease减少; nto fall下降, to drop跌落, to decline下跌,n to go down下降, to bottom out降至最低点, to slow down减速n表示稳定：表示稳定：nto remain (stable)保持，不变，稳定，维持; nto stand at不变，稳定，维持; nto level out (off)平衡，稳定TheBritish&USSystemLength长度mile/mi 英里=1,609km yard/yd 码=0.914m foot/ft 英尺=30.48cm inch/i

33、n 英寸=2.54cmWeight 重量pound 磅=0.454kg ounce 盎司=28.35gTemperature 温度C (Centigrade) 摄氏=(F-32)5/9F (Fahrenheit) 华氏=C9/5+32n实战训练DifficultyLevelI:SentencesIndia covers an area of 3287590 square kilometers with a population of 1029991145.Japan covers an area of 377835 square kilometers with a population of

34、129771662.Thailand, covers an area of 514000 square kilometers with a population of 61797751.Russiacovers an area of 17075200 square kilometers with a population of 145470197.TheUnitedStates has a population of 269857000 with a total area of 9372610 square kilometers, or 3618785 square miles.Canada,

35、 a country with a population of only 28529000 has a total area larger than that of the United States, that is, an area of 9946140 square kilometers, or 3851788 square miles.Shortparas.1. In 2001, Chinas GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual in

36、crease of 9.3 percent.n二00一年,我国国内生产总值达到九万五千九百三十三亿元,比一九八九年增长近两倍,年均增长百分之九点三。2. China hit 9.1 percent in GDP growth in 2003, despite the impact of SARS epidemic, a record since the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s.n尽管有非典的影响,2003年中国的国内生产总值增长率达9.1%,创18世纪90年代后期亚洲金融危机以来的最高纪录。3. In 1999, Chinas gros

37、s domestic product (GDP), which came to only RMB 362.41 billion yuan in 1978, amounted to 7955.3 billion yuan, 20-fold increase over 1978. 1999年,中国的国内生产总值达到79553亿元,相比1978年的3624.1亿元,增长了20倍。注: 20-fold 20倍many-fold 许多倍4. Chinas GDP in 1997 amounts to US$902 billion. This figure ranks No.7. From 1979 to

38、 1997, Chinas average annual growth rate is 9.8 percent, 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the world.n1997年中国的国民生产总值达到9020亿美元,在世界排名第七。从1979年到1997年,中国的平均年增长率的为9.8%,比世界平均值高出6.5个百分点n国民经济继续保持平稳较快增长。国内生产总值超过30万亿元，比上年增长9%；物价总水平涨幅得到控制；财政收入6.13万亿元，增长19.5%；粮食连续五年增产，总产量10570亿斤，创历史最高水平。nThe national ec

39、onomy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 mill

40、ion tons, a record high.nThe national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth

41、 consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.nPracticen主席先生，n女士们、先生们：n今天欧亚国家的领导人再次在此聚会，3. 在平等、友好的基础上，2. 就广泛领域里的合作以及建立新型的欧亚伙伴关系，1.交换我们的意见。nMr. Chairman,nLadies and gentlemen, n Today, we leaders of Aisan andnEuropean countries meet here again. We will exchange views on cooperation

42、in a wide range of areas and on the building of a new Aisa-Europe partnership on the basis of equality and in a friendly manner. （building 动词变名词；equality 形容词变名词）nMr. Chairman,nLadies and gentlemen, n Today, we leaders of Aisan andnEuropean countries meet here again. We will exchange views on cooperation in a wide range of areas and on the building of a new Aisa-Europe partnership on the basis of equality and