中考复习：冠词和数词讲解+练习

1、.冠词和数词一、冠词的用法 冠词是限定词的一种，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。【考点一】定冠词的根本用法 1表示上文提到过的人或事物 eg：I have a book，and the book is written by Mo Yan.我有一本莫言写的书。2用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或物 eg：Do you know the boy under the tree？ 你认识那个在树下的男孩吗？3用于世界上独一无二的事物前 eg：the earth地球，the sun太阳， the moon月亮。4用于表示方位的名词前面 eg：in the front

2、 of在前面，in the east 在东方，on the left在左边。5用于序数词或形容词最高级前eg：He is the first student to get to school. 他是第一个到达学校的学生。He is the tallest student in his class. 他是班里最高的学生。6用于普通名词构成的专有名词前 eg：the Great Wall长城7用于形容词前，使其名词化eg：We should help the old.我们应该帮助老人。8用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前 eg：the Changjiang River长江， the

3、Pacific Ocean 太平洋9用于复数姓氏前，表示“一家人 eg：The Greens are having dinner. 格林一家人正在吃晚饭。10用于西洋乐器类名词前 eg：I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。11inthe年份复数形式，表示“在多少世纪多少年代 eg：This story happened in the 1920s. 这个故事发生在20世纪20年代。12用于一些固定短语中 eg：in the morning在早晨，in the end最后，by the way顺便提一下，at the same time 同时典例精讲：A new roa

4、d was built between our village and the town.road is wide and clean.A.不填B. TheC.A One of the advantages of playingguitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. a B. the C.不填London held30th Olympic Games in 2019.A. a B. an C. the D./ 【考点二】不定冠词的根本用法 1泛指人或事物的某一种类eg：A plane is a machine th

5、at can fly.飞机是一种可以飞行的机器。I want to be a teacher.我想成为一名老师。2指某一人或事物，但不详细说明 eg：He is a teacher in our school. 他是我们学校的一名老师。 3用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位名词前，表示“每一 eg：I go shopping once a week. 我一周去购物一次。4表数量，相当于one，但语气较弱 eg：My father bought me a new bike. 我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。5使抽象名词详细化 eg：There was a strong snow last nigh

6、t. 昨晚下了一场大雪。6在一些固定搭配中 eg：a little一点，a few一些，have a look看一看，have a good time玩得开心典例精讲：1. Be careful！There isdog lying on the ground.Thanks a lot. A. a B. an C. the D./ 2. What do you want to be in the future，John？I want to befashion designer. It is_amazing job. A. a；the B. an；a C. a；an D. an；the 【考点三】

7、零冠词的根本用法 1表示泛指、种类的复数名词之前 eg：I like animals.我喜欢动物。2不含普通名词的专有名词前 eg：Mary is from America.玛丽来自美国。3名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时 eg：This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。4季节、月份、星期等名词前一般不用冠词 eg：I usually go camping in spring. 春天我通常去野营。5称呼用语前不用冠词eg：Whats the matter，Mom？怎么了，妈妈？6一日三餐前不用冠词eg：He didnt have breakfast this morni

8、ng.他今天早上没吃早餐。7球类运动和棋类的名词前不用冠词eg：My father likes playing chess.我父亲喜欢下棋。8在一些成对出现的词语前不用冠词 eg：I like eating fruit and vegetables.我喜欢吃水果和蔬菜。9一些名词前不加冠词表示有特定的意义。 eg：go to school去上学， go to the school去那所学校，go to hospital去医院看病，go to the hospital去那所医院不一定看病类似的有bed，table，class，university等。典例精讲：I usually dont go

9、to school onSunday.A. aB. theC. / 二、数词的用法数词是表示数量或顺序的单词，分为基数词和序数词两种。【考点一】基数词表达法 范围特点例词112无规律one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve1319以teen结尾thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen2090之间的整十数以ty结尾twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety2199之间的

10、两位数整十位除外十位与个位之间要加连字符“twentyfive，ninetynine101999百位和十位之间通常用and连接one hundred and eleven千以上右后向前每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读thousand千，第二个读million百万，第三个读billion十亿，然后一节一节读four thousand two hundred and fiftyfive4，255典例精讲：trees have been planted near here，so the air is very fresh. A. Two hundreds B. Hundred ofC. Hundred

11、s of D. Hundreds 【考点二】序数词表达法 范围特点例词1、2、3无规律first，second，third419一般在基数词后加thfourth，fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth，nineteenth2090整十数把基数词后的y变成ie，再加thtwentieth，ninetieth21及其后的多位数个位数用序数词，其余用基数词21st：twentyfirst，110th：one hundred and tenth典例精讲：1. Now，everybody，please turn to Pageand look at thepicture. A. Fifth

12、；fiveB. Five；fifth C. Fifth；fifth D. Five；five 2. I got a beautiful bike onbirthday. I like it very much. A. fifteenth B. fifteen C. my fifteen D. my fifteenth 【考点三】分数表达法 1/2：a half/one half1/4：a fourth/one fourth/a quarter/one quarter3/4：three quarters/three fourths 分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一，分母加“-s

13、。典例精讲：1. There are 60 students in my class and 44 of them use weibo very often.44？That means about _of your classmates are weibo users，right？ AhalfBone third Ctwo thirds Dthree quarters 2. About _ of the students in our class were born in the_. Atwothirds，1990s Btwothirds，1990 Ctwothird，1990s 【考点四】特

14、殊用法1in物主代词数词的复数形式，表示“在某人多少岁时 eg：He began to write in his forties. 他在四十多岁时开场写作。2inthe年份复数，表示“在多少世纪多少年代 eg：The story happened in the 1920s. 这个故事发生在二十世纪二十年代。3序数词前要加the，假如序数词前有物主代词或所有格修饰时，不用加the。 eg：I live on the tenth floor.我住在十层。This is my second time to visit Beijing.这是我第二次参观北京。4序数词前出现不定冠词时，表示“又一，再一的

15、意思。 eg：I have tried it three times. Can I try a fourth time？ 我已经试了三次。我可以再试第四次吗？5分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据分数后面的名词来决定，假如名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，假如是不可数名词，谓语动词那么用单数形式。eg：Two thirds of the students are boys.三分之二的学生是男生。One fifth of the water is polluted.五分之一的水被污染了。典例精讲：一、在以下各题的横线上填上a, an，the或/注意大小写1Tom works as _ worker

16、 in the restaurant and he is paid by _ hour. 2France is _ European country. India is _ Asian country. 3Joe is _ honest boy. We all like him. 4. After _dinner, he stayed at home and played _ violin. 5_ book on the desk is _ useful one. 二、单项选择6This is _ old computer. I want a new one.Aa Ban C/ Dthe 7Whats the date today?Its June _， 2019.Aseventeen Bthe seventeen Cthe seventeenth 8 Does your father go to work by _ car every day?No, he sometimes takes _ bus.Aa; the Bthe; a C不填； a Da; 不填9 _ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.A