unit 9 现在完成时

1、 现在完成时 现在完成时（一）含义和标志性词语现在完成时的意义： 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（过去时强调过去某个特定的时间发生的动作或存在的状态；现在完成时表示过去不确定的时间里发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，这个动作也许到现在结束，也许还要继续下去。）如： Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容） 现在完成时的标志性词：时间状语：before，lately，recently, till now，so far， in the past few years/mon

2、ths/weeks/days，over the past few years，during the last three months，for the last few centuries For + 时间段 、since + 时间点（短语/从句）常与现在完成时连用的几个重要副词：already，just，yet，ever，never等。already 多用于肯定句中中或末尾， just 用在肯定句中，ever 多用于疑问句中yet 用在否定句和一般疑问句末。 Never 用在肯定句中表否定。如：I hav e already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 H

3、e has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They haven't started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。 动词形式：过去分词的变化规则形式和发音规则与过去式是一样的，除了一些不规则变化。 现在完成时（二）结构1现在完成时的基本句式是“have（has）过去分词”。如：I have seen that film我已经看过那部影片了。 We have just finished our homew

4、ork我们刚刚做完家庭作业。 She has gone home她回家去了。 注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。 2现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。如： Have you read this story book yet？你读过这本故事书吗？ Has he eaten that apple yet？他吃那个苹果了吗？ 注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把

5、现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“过吗？”、“还有吗？”。3）其肯定回答用：Yes，have（has）否定回答用：No，haven't（hasn't）有时用：No，not yet或No，never 3现在完成时的否定句式是“have（has）not + 过去分词”。如： We haven't studied Unit 2 yet我们还没学习第二单元。 The train hasn't stopped yet火车还没有停下来。 注意区别：Has/have been to Has/have been in Has/have gone toHave been

6、 in 表示“去了某地并正在某地”have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。He has been in Beijing for two weeks. (has been in 后接for/since时间状语) 现在完成时（三）与过去时的区别&

7、amp;短暂性动词的转换1现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由for或since引导的时间状语连用。例如： We have lived here for five years我们在这里住了五年了。 I have known him since he was a boy我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。 注意：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的事对现在造成的影响；一般过去时指过去发生的事实。请看下面对话中一般过去时和现在完成时的不同。 A：Have you seen the film？ B：Yes，I have A：When

8、did you see it？ B：I saw it a year ago 2延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。 （1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live， work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。 （2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive， reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin

9、，start，lose， buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： 【正】The play has begun戏开演了。（戏正在演着） 【误】The play has begun for half an hour戏开演半小时了。 【正】The play has on for half an hour. 戏上演半个小时了。3非延续性动词的转换常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：(一般过去时变现在完成时动词及动词词组的变化方法)comebe， come tobe in at， arrivebe here, g

10、o outbe out， leavebe away，finishbe over, begin startbe on， buyhave， borrowkeep， joinbe in /be a member of be amember， diebe dead， put onwear/be in，catch a cold have a cold， get to knowknow， become a teacherbe a teacher，fall asleep/illbe asleep/ill， go to bedsleep, openbe open等。 如：They came here five

11、 years ago他们是五年前来这里的。 They have been here for five years ago/since five years ago.注意：用“It is（has been）时间段since从句（从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式）”这一句型。例如： It is five years since they came here It has been five years since they came here. 自从他们来到这里已经有五年了。They have been here for five years.They have been here since

12、 five years ago.现在完成时习题选择填空 1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidn't receive Bhaven't got Cdidn't have Dhaven't heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have_ to Dalian with my friends（重庆市） Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone 3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought

13、 Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Where's Peter？ He _ to Nanjing（沈阳市） Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_ ？（河北省） Ahaven't you Bhave you Cdo you Ddon't you 6We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省） Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 7I have watched the

14、game When_ you _ it？（长沙市） Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch8How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省） Adon't visit Bdidn't visit Chaven't visited Dhadn't visited 9The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week（广州市） Adon't feel B

15、hasn't felt Chaven't felt Ddidn't feel 10My grandfather_ in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town（四川省） Alived Bhave lived Chas lived Dis living 11Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice（贵阳市） Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 12His brother has been to Stone Fore

16、st twice _ he came to Yunnan（昆明市） Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 13His grandpa _ for two years（广西） Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 14Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August（海南省） Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 15His sister _ her hometown for three

17、years She'll return next year（合肥市） Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from （Key：15BBCCB 610BCCCC 1115BCBBD） C）选择填空 (       )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,_he?(A)isn't           (B)wasn'

18、;t         (C)hasn't          (D)doesn't(      )2.She's never been to England,  _she?(A)has      (B)hasn't      &#

19、160;  (C)isn't        (D)is(     )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long    (B)How soon      (C)How far   (D)How often(     )3.How long _he_ the library book .

20、(A)has, borrow    (B)has ,kept   (C)has, bought     (D)did, buy(       )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He _to the library(A)has  gone        (B)went     

21、(C)has  been       (D)will   go(      )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has   been        (B)has  visited       (C)has  sent&

22、#160;       (D)has    gone(     )6.They_China for two years  (A)have  been  to        (B)have  been  in(c)have  gone  to        (D

23、)have  come  to C）选择填空 (    )2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died(     )3.I have _this nice watch for two years(A)had    

24、0; (B)bought     (C)borrowed         (D)lend(     )4.He _his home for ten years(A)has  left   (B)left  from       (C)has  been  away  from   

25、;  (D)was  away  from(    )5.He _a league member for three years (A)is    (B)has  been      (C)has  become       (D)have  become(    )6.Lihua's brother has _for two y

26、ears(A)joined the army           (B)been an  army     (C)become a soldier          (D)been in the army(     )7.He  hasn't _Quanzhou ever since he left

27、school(A)left    (B)been  away  from   (C)been      (D)away                               

28、 选择填空(      )1. Have you finished your homeworkYes, I _it last night(A)finish     (B)finished     (C)have  finished      (D)will  finish(      )2. _you ever _to NanjingYes, I

29、_there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone          (B)Havebeen ,  went(C)Didgo,  went                  (D)Didgo, has , been(      )3.When

30、 _you _Lucy in New York?I _here for two years(A)didmeet, haven't  seen           (B)didmeet, haven't seen(C)didmeet, don't  see             (D)wouldmeet, hadn't see

31、n (       )4.He _finished his homework yet(A)doesnt      (B)havent        (C)   hasnt      (D) doesnt have(       )1.Have you _traveled on the train.&

32、#160;         Yes,  I have.(A)never  (B)ever   (C)just      (D)yet(      )2.Have you finished  your  homework    Not_         

33、;        .(A)ever     (B)already       (C)yet        (D)just(       )3. We  haven't finished our homework     &

34、#160;     .(A)already      (B)ever       (C)yet     (D)never(        )4.Have you_ learned English?Yes, I've _learned a lot.(A)never, ever       (B

35、)ever, never       (C)ever, already     (D)already. ever(      )5.Have you finished your homework  _?Yes, I've _done that            (A)yet, already    

36、; (B)already,  yet  (C)ever, never      (D)still, just(      )6.John's father _borrowed some pictures(A)have  already         (B)has  just       (C)have

37、0; ever          (D)has  yetA）用since和for填空1) _ two years        2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 1999                  5) _

38、 yesterday           6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours         8) _ an hour ago        9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time     11) _ she left here B）用since

39、和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 选择填空(        )1.I've b

40、een like this ever since _         (A)last week    (B) for a week    (C)  a week before    (D)the last week(        )2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.(A)about&#

41、160;     (B)for      (C)in      (D)since(       )3. I haven't heard from him _last week.(A)since    (B) for        (C)ago   (D)before(&#

42、160;      )4.His father joined the party_(A)for three years           (B)since three years  ago(C)three years ago           (D)in two years' time1. Where is Mr. Liu?&

43、#160; -  He _the library.      A. has been to    B. has gone to    C. has been in2. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?     A. so they      B. dont they   C. have they     D. havent