2017下半年CATTI三级英译汉试题详解

1、2017 下半年 CATTI 三级英译汉试题详解四级 程度核心词只有十三四个，六级 级以上难度词recipient, flop, tricky, flowery, glean, gist 六个。此外还有Anglophone、 Globish开篇首句很像一个强调句（It was just one word in one email, 典型的强调句式 but it triggered huge financial losses for就有一个单词a multinational company.小单词指It was. that.），但又非,会给考生带来一点小小的别扭。Oneword in one e

2、mail也可能造成误解，译为“一封邮件里”，实际该理解为“一封邮件里的一个小”。 Trigger 义为 “引发、触发”。 Multinational“跨国的，多国的”恰恰就是邮件里的一个小小单词，却导致一家跨国公 司蒙受了巨额经济损失。The message, written in English, 本小节开始承接上文讲述事情的原委。 was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a用 second language.U nsure of the word, the recipient found two co

3、ntradictory meanings in his 指 dictionary. He acted on the wrong比较孤立，但 one.语。其中，written inEnglish 是分词作状语修饰主语“ the message后面又 ”,whom 引导的定语从句修饰colleague， “ for修饰 ”“ whom”, 表示“对他而言（英语是第二语言）”。 Unsureof.为分词结构（省略being）做原因状语。Recipient“收信/件人”。 act on 指 “按 行事 ”。最后一句话翻译 时需要注意添加语句间的关联词邮件信息是一名以英语为母语的员工发给一位英语 为第二

4、语言的 位同事查了词典，发现这个词存在两个相互矛盾的意 思，结果他却偏偏选中了错的那个。同事 的。由于不确定一个词的意思，这Months later, senior management investigated why the project状语。hadflopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars.tr“acIet da l处指back to this one word, ” says Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and语从句进行修饰，intercultural trainer

5、, who didn't 对复杂，在翻译时应重新整合语义，调整语序，合理 reveal the tricky word because it is断句，采用分译的方法。比如， highly industry-specific and属于次要信息，可以置于句后，起补充信息的作用即possibly identifiable. “ Things 可，尤其不能译为 spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking theflop 意为 “失败 ”， 后面 （ costing.） 是现在分词作结果It.一句的谓语trace b

6、ack to 意思是“追随到” ，此l “归结于”。Chiaa UK-based.在句中做同位语，后面有.who引导的定because引导原因从句。此句结构相who 引导的定语部分“ 的 ” 这类定语。tricky 表示 “棘手的” ,identifiable表示“可辨认的” ,spiral 指 “螺旋形运动” spiralled out of contro指l “opposite. ”发展得失控了”项目失败了，导致了数十万美元损失。数月后，公司管理层着手调查原因。身在英国的跨文化沟通技能培训师蔡孙重(Chia Suan Chong)表示：“最后，一切都是由这个词引起的。双方的理解南辕北辙，于

7、是一切都乱了套。”但她没有透露这个引起麻烦的单词具体是什么，因为这个词高度行业化，一旦透露，很有可能暴露企业信息。When such misunderstandings happen,i t s usually the native speakers whoa re to blame. Ironically, they are worse atdelivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong.It s.w为强调句；hobe to bla

8、me是主动形式表示被动意义，译为 “ 应受到责备”。 They指 nativespeakers,deliver messag译为e“传达信息”。 本句用than连接，是个比较句，说明英语为母语的人反倒不如英语作为二语甚至三语者更擅长表达信息。蔡孙重说，类似的误解，通常是英语母语者的过错。 更为讽刺的是，与将英语作为第二或第三语言的人相 比，英语母语者反而更不擅长传达信息。A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world s global language. They feel they don t have

9、 to spend tim learning another language,”Chong.本小节相对简单。最后的says Chong按照汉语习惯，置于前面较好。 esays蔡孙重表示：“很多英语母语者很高兴英语成为全球语言，觉得不必再花时间学习其他语言了。”The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, oft

10、en talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong.It turns out为插入语，可以不必译出。says Chong也要前置翻译，与上一句话相关联，译文“还说”。Typical of.表示(是的典型特征，在本句起非限制性定语的作用，相当于,which is typical of.)。Too fast for others to为典型的“too.to.”结构，表示“太以至于不能”；references原义为“参考

11、、涉及、介绍信、引用”等多种含义，在本句中没有对应的意思，需要灵活处理。蔡孙重还说，非母语者讲英语时更具有目的性，也更 为小心谨慎，其他以英语为第二或第三语言的人也都这样。反之，英语为母语者往往语速过快，叫人跟不上，爱讲只有欧美文 化背景的人才听得懂的笑话、俚语和典故。“ The native English speaker the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adap to the others, ” she adds.ac co imsmodate有“容纳，调解，使适应”的意思，与其后的adapt to意思接

12、近，翻译时取其一即可。tshe adds要译为“她补充道”参考译文：“只有英语为母语者才意识不到进行自我调整，关照他人的必要性，”蔡孙重补充道。With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it Anglophones who may need tou p their game.With 在本句中引导原因状语，可译为“由于、鉴于”等。sup their game字面意思为“升级他们的游戏”，但这个表达并不能清楚的呈现意义，因此要采用“意译”的方法进行信息补充，而不能“直译”。参考译文：鉴于世界上大部分人口并非以英语为母语

13、，英语母语 者还是很有必要加强自身的沟通交流能力。“ Native speakers are at a disadvantage when you are in a lingua franca situation,”English is being used as a common denominator, says Jennifer Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UKUniversity of Southampton.the native English speakers that are having difficulty un

14、derstanding and making themselves understood. ”at a disadvantage表示“处于不利地位、没有优势”；wlinhgeurea franca为语言学学科术语，译为“通用语”，对于非英语专业的学生具有一定难度，但可以用词典查询或借助构词法知识猜测词义。denominator也是语言学专业术语，词根nom意思是“ sname”，可以有助于猜测词义。另外也需要借助上下文确定该词的准确译法。 “ It sIt s .tha为强调句型t.Have difficulty doing. 译为“有困难，难以”参考译文：英国南安普敦大学(Universit

15、y of Southampton)的全球英语教授詹尼弗·詹金斯( Jennifer Jenkins) 表示： “在周围的人都把英语作为通用语的情况下，英语母语者实际上处境不利，因为他们难以理解别人，也很难传达自己的意思”。Non-native speakers generally us more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, withoutflowery language or slang. And then there s cultur style, Blattner says. When a Brit reacts to

16、a proposal by saying,flowery 表示“花的，华丽的”。And then there s cultural 理解容易出现错误。style字面看 cultural style 指“文化风格”，当需要区分“分化a风格”了，也就说明了产生了“文化差异”。 lBrit 指“英国人”，与 Briton, Britisher 同义，但略带“ That s interestingw” B rait felmight recognise thisas understatemenftor, “ That rubbish. ” But other nationalitie would ta

17、ke the word“ interesting on f”ace value, he says.“贬义”。lounderstatement指 “轻描淡写、低调陈述、含蓄陈述”。sstake the word .on face value指“按其字面意义进行理解”非英语母语者通常使用有限的词汇，表达也相对简单，不会运用华丽的辞藻或俚语。而布拉特纳（Blattner）认为，这就导致了文化差异。当一个英国人说一项提议“很有趣”时，其他英国人大概会觉得，这不过是“很垃圾”的含蓄说法，但外国人就只会从字面上去理解这句话。“ English speakers with no other language

18、 often have a lack of awareness of how tos peak English internationally.”speak English internationally较为费解，字面意思是说 “国际化地讲英语”，实质是讲由于缺乏国际意识，不懂在英语国家之外的场合如何恰当使用英语与人交流。“不懂其他语言的英语母语者，往往缺乏国际意识，不懂得用英语和外国人妥善沟通”。In Berlin, Coulter saw German staff of a Fortune 500 companybeing briefed from their Californian HQ

19、 via video link.Despite being competent in English, theGermans gleaned onlythe gist of what their American project leader said. So among themselve they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not have been what was intended by the California staff.本小节的理解难度略有提高，出现了一些较专业的表达。翻译中需要灵活调整语序，使状

20、语、定语等符合汉语表达习惯。Fortune 500 company指“世界500强企业”。brief用作动词表示“（做）简报，摘要”，本句中用作被动语态表示“被简要通报，传达指示”HQ： HeadQuater 的缩写glean本义表示“拾（落穗）”，引申为拾起，收集。the gist of指“要点，主旨”come up with an agreed version想出一个大家认同的（一致的）版本。库尔特（Coulter）在柏林亲眼见过一家世界500 强企业通过视频从加利福尼亚总部向德国员工传达指示。德国员工尽管英语水平不错，但也仅能勉强抓住美国项目领导的大意。于是他们自己内部商定了一种理解，至

21、于是否如实反映了总部的实际意图，谁也说不准。“ Too man ynon-Anglophones, especially the Asians and thenon-Anglophones非盎格鲁口音的人，即非英语为母语者。French, are too concerned aboutnot losing face and n od approvingly while not getting the message at all, ” he says.be too concerned abou太过于在意某事t:nod approvingly点头表示同意。其中 approvingly 的翻译要由

22、“副词”转类为“动词”，不可直接译成“赞同地点头”参考译文：库尔特说：“不少非英语母语者，尤其是亚洲人和法国人，都太过纠结面子 问题，即使完全听不懂，也会点头表示赞同”。That s why Nerriere devisedGlobish a distilled form of English, stripped down to 1,500 words and simple but standard grammar. “ It s not a languag a tool, ” he says. Since launch Globish in 2004 he s sold m than 200

23、,000 Globish text books in 18 languages.Globish 为一个新创词，有 global 与 English 混合而成，通过构词法知识可以确定该词词义为“全球语”。distil 本义表示“蒸馏，提纯”这里指“提炼出的”，用作定语。 e, it singostrreip down to 本义指“脱到只剩”，这里比喻意义为“精简到”参考译文：为此，内里埃(Nerriere)发明了全球语，一种简化版的英语，其词汇量精简到1500 词左右，语法 既简单又规范。他说：“全球语不是语言，只是工具”。 自 2004年推广全球语以来，内里埃的全球语教材已售出20000余万

24、册，涵盖了18种语言。“ If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language you save time, avoid misinterpretation and you don have errors in communication, ” Nerriere says.本句句法简单清晰，理解没有难度。翻译技巧上考虑使用“词类转换”，即“转译”法。 t参考译文：内里埃表示：“简化语言，限定词汇，有效沟通，就能节省不少时间，还能避免引起误解，杜绝交流失误”。When trying to communicate in E

25、nglish with a group of people with varying levels of fluency, it important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English, Jenkins says.本节的主句为It s important to be receptive andadaptable，但是翻译中可以把“it s import(这点很ant重要)”放在句末，加以强调。 sreceptive指“善于接受的

26、，能包容的”adaptable指“适应性强的，能适应的”参考译文：詹金斯表示：用英语交流时，面对水平各异的人，我 们应该怀着灵活包容的态度，去适应形形色色的英语 用法，这一点很重要。“ People who ve learned other languages are good at doing that, but native speakers of English generally are monolingual and not very good at tuning in to language variation, ” she says.本句相对简单。monolingual 指“单语

27、的”tune in to.指“收听，收看”language variation指“语言变体”，是较为专业的语 言学术语。她补充道：“学过外语的人擅长这点，但英语母语者由于只会一种语言，并太擅长适应各种语言变体”。In meetings, Anglophones tend to speed along at what they conside a normal pace, and also rush to fil gaps in conversation, according to Steggles.speed along有一路说下去而不管不顾的味道，whatthey condise可视为插入语

28、，其表达的味道也需要予以l关注。r ush to 强调“急于”according to sb按照某人的说法，即某人说道.斯特格勒斯(Steggles)表示，开会的时候，英语母语者容易语速过快，还自以为语速正常，而且经常急着插话。He recommends making the same point in a couple of different ways and asking for some acknowledgement, reaction or action.recommend后面接动名词作宾语，表示 “建议做”。a couple of表示“几种，几个，一些”ask for some

29、acknowledgement, reaction or action词汇语义接近，处理起来稍有难度。他建议，英语母语者用多种方式来表达同一个观点， 同时请对方就自己所讲内容作出确认、反馈或反应。2017 下半年 CATTI 三级汉译英试题二、汉译英部分：本次笔译实务考查的话题仍然为当前中国经济社会发展热点话题，内容涉及气候变化，生态文明以及中国相应的政策和举措。该话题在中国政府工作报告，政府工作白皮书以及国际国内高峰会议上多由涉及。该话题也是各类翻译 训练、辅导，平时训练的重点，多数句型已经形成规范表达，专业术语也已经形成规范。对此话题，广大考生应该并不感到陌生，应对起来不应感到困难。原文及

30、译文文本分析气候变化已不是单纯的环境保护问题，而成为人类生存与发展问题。中国需要改变以煤为主的能源结构和高污染、高能耗的产业结构，以本句涉及多个专业术语表达，如 “气候变化(climate change)”、“环境保护(environmentalprotection)”、“高污染，高耗能( heavy pollution and high energyTo address climate change has become a majocr onsumption)”。concern of the subsistence and development mankind, rather than

31、a simple issue of environmental protection. In an attempt to govern the environment and address global climate change, it is imperative for China toof另外，核心词“应对”的翻译可以有多个选择，如 “ address, cope withtacle” ， 甚至可以用“ fight, combat” .change its coal-dominated energy composition and the industrial structure f

32、eaturing heavy pollution and high energy consumption.从句法结构来看，原文的句法和结构相对完整，逻辑清晰，因此译文可以按照原文断句，无需重新组句。理的责任，也是实现可持续发展的迫切需要。积极应对气候变化也是中国参与全球治需要积极推Meanwhile, to proactively cope with climate change is both an international duty for China t participate in global governance and an urgent本句中的固定表达为“全球治理( glob

33、al governance)”、 “可持续发展 ( sustainable developmen) t ”、“发展中国家( developingcountry) ” 、 “经济转型 ( economictransformation)”need to achieve sustainable development. As th这个世界最大的发展国家来说，要 e积极应对气候变化以参与全球治largest developing country in the world, China also calls for a positive transformation in economic drive

34、and energy consumption so as promote a sustained global economic development.理，同时推动经济与能源转型以促 t进全球可持续发展”。也可分开翻o 译，以求译文简洁，清晰。中国高度重视气候变化问题，把积把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的采取了一系列行动，为应对全球气For a long time, China unwaveringly attaches great importance to addressing clime change, making it a significant national strategy

35、 for its social and economic development and promoting green and low-carbon development as an important component of the ecological civilization. China has already taken a series of actions and made great contribution to combating the global climate change.“高度重视”的固定表达为“ attachgreat importance to.”；“

36、重大战.略” 为 “ significant/major strategy” 。专业化表达“绿色低碳发展”可译为“ green and low-carbon development”“生态文明”译为“ecologicalcivilization ”。“为作出贡献”译为“ contribute.to./make contributionto.”。本句包含的语义较多，且相互关联度不高， 建议采取 “拆分” 的手法，译成两句话。2020 年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，非化石能源占一次能15%,森林面积比20054000 万公顷，森林蓄积量2005年增加13亿立方米。本

37、句中的术语表达较为专业，且不易从词典上查到，如“国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量(carbon dioxideemissions per unit of GDP) ” 、 “非 化石能源( non-fossil fuels) ” 和 “一次能源消费(primary energyconsumption)”需要经过专门学习e开可以准确翻译。另外需要注意 “增长/下降”百分比a的表达方式为“ increase/decrease%”。By 2020, China will have reduced its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to

38、45% on the basis of its 2005 level, increased th share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to 15% and enlarged its forest are by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters.林业、水资源等重点领域和沿海、生态脆弱地区形成有效抵御气候本句中的专业词语为 “重点领域”，可译为“key areas”或“majorsectors”，“生态脆弱地区”可

39、译为“ eco-fragile areas/zone”，也可s用描述的语句如“areas which isvulnerable to.” .从句法上讲，本句的核心成分是：a中国(在领域)形成() s机制，和提高抵抗能力。China will also work hard to develop an effective mechanism and enhance its capacities to cope with climate change risks in some key areas such as agriculture, forestry, water resources as w

40、ell as in some cities, coastal are and eco-fragile zones.2017 下半年笔译二级真题解析英译汉第一篇：本篇文章，充分体现母语作者轻松随意表述自然的特点，英文原句结构简单，用词难度一般。但是处理成文体、选词和表达各方面恰当得体的汉语，需要一定的思考和调整.You ve temporarily misplaced your cell 这个段落理解起来并不困难，主要考的是 phone and anxiously retrace your steps to考生的中文表达习惯，尤其是对一些与汉 try to find it. Or perhaps

41、 you never let go 语说法差异较大的部分，能不能地道而准 of your phone it's always in your hand, 确地译出来。 your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a momen t s notice. When your battery life runs down 方法，加上动词，就显得简明而且读起来 at the end of the day, you feel that yours is有节奏。 running low as well. New re

42、search shows that there s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence:词其实就是指人们平常看微信之类的活it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag,这个地方，可以参考译文的处理consulted at a momen t s notice. consult一According to the attachment theory, for 动，一旦理解了，也就比较容易处理了。 some of us, our phone serves th

43、e same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.但在译文处理时可以转译，这样才符合汉 语的习惯。这个句子理解不成问题，难在要把里面的 所有代词全都去掉，这样才显得简洁得 体。When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well.这里的yours直译为人的电池，According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone s

44、erves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.这个段落当中有比较复杂的细节， 容易脱漏，在翻译时一定要注意英文当中 每个动词都是有意义的，一定要在译文当 Attachment theory proposes that our early中体现出来，切忌出现囫囵吞枣式的译 life experiences with parents responsible 文。 for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with w

45、hom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as“ transitional objects.” 成年人在译文中转化为了人成年后， The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is alway与其它人这种说法更符合中文的习惯。 there. We extend our dependence on parents to these animals

46、, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.小词都有相关的含义，不能省略，一定要在译文中体现出来。翻译 时Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships.这个句子当中的”sWe ext

47、end our dependence on parents to these animals, and use them to help us mov to an independent sense of sel这里的两个f.A cell phone has the potential to be a compensatory attachmen” t object.potential 既要翻译，又要地道，因此都做Report一词英文理解为t o make a formalstatement regarding somethingAlthough phones are often castig

48、ated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that healthy, normal adults also reportsignificant emotional attachment to specia objects”pervasive feature： 这里feature可以省略掉，Indeed, cell phones have become a不会损失更多的信息。pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cel

49、l phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The averageThe number of cell phone users exceeds thamount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day.People also like 译时进行了调整，否则讲不清道理。实际 to be near their phones: A 2013 survey 上原文是指一些人可能会有多部手机，但total population of the plane

50、t.这个句子在翻cited by the Hungarian teamreports that 79 percent of users keep their phones with them for all but two of their waking hours.Nearly as many people report being distressed when they re separated from 进行处理。their phone.也就是说除了睡觉以外user一词直译为用户显得费解。that 79 percent of users keep their phones with t

51、hem for all but two of their waking hours.这个句子同样需要按照汉语的说法Waking hour 直译为清醒时间，3.3小时。人们也喜欢将手机带在身边：2013 年一项由匈牙利进行的调查显示，百分之七十九的人除了睡觉以外不使用手Phones have distinct advantages. They ca像n follow,track 这些与网络相关的用语，在be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if yo

52、u re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can rack them in real time but also look backon memorable moments together. These channels help you“ feel less alone” .社交 媒体账号，不仅能查询他的即时状态，还能回第二篇英译汉第二篇：相对

53、而言本篇文章，用词简单，句式逻辑清楚，难度上并不大，只需要考生能够，紧密跟随作者的行文逻辑，文从字顺地进行调整，用一些比较初级的 翻译 技法，就可以解决.Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat 原文加黑部分不完整。答案只能作为参 against environment deterioration in air考。quality, water quality and .viable role for every member in the内容一定要逐字分析，不要出现意义空

54、world. production .health education in 白， developing countriesB.ut some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries的overlook the l

55、ocal customs, habitude and 有效调整，以达到通顺的目的。 people.local customs, habitude and people这类 .But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests本句中.idea和nature都要根据汉语习惯进行实践证明，卫生教育对推动世界各国的 但有人认为，可持续发展的概念不

56、够明晰，沦为部分组织Whereas interdependence is desirable durin times of peace, war necessitates competitio and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state forgnwar necessitates这armaments can be fatal.制造业 采取保护主义极为必要，因为