小学定冠词和不定冠词

1、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3one表示令-相当于every,Westudyeighthoursaday.4fcv相同相thesameWearenearlyofanage.5表示不认识此人或与某名人有用于人名前，类似性质的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,ab

2、it,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7quite,rather,many,half,what,MTsuch之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8形谷词之后so（as,too,how）+用于Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法：表示某一类人或物1Thehorseisausefulanimal.用于世上独f二的事物名词前2theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningth

3、edoor?用于乐器前面4playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表k类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名8词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyoftheFrenchChina,用于表小发明物的单数名词前9ThecompasswasinventedinChina.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代10

4、inthe1990's用于表示单位的名词前11.Ihiredthecarbythehour.用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的12Hepattedmeontheshoulder.词组前III.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前后this,my,whose,some,no,each,等限制everyIwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,sp

5、ring4表不职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7连接的两个相对的名词并用时以andnightknifeandfork,dayandandhusbandwife,8表不泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.冠词重点知识归纳及讲解（一）概说1 .冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词：1）定冠词the2）不

6、定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作口，在元音前读作i,特别强调或单念时读作i:o不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作n；在其他情况下则使用a,读作口2 .冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。例如：Sheisanurse,她是个护士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时this,与the定冠词可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）工例如：That'sthebookyouwant.这就是你要的

7、那本书。Who'stheyoungmanoverthere?那边那个年轻人是谁？但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。例如：把它放在桌上。Putitonthetable.请把门关上。Shutthedoor,please.3 .特指和泛指一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子：Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou.有位先生要求见你。（泛指）Askthegentlemantocomein.请那位先生进来。（特指）在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况：1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。Shesentmeapostcard她寄给我一张明信

8、片。例如：这类词。2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some,any这些是生词。例如：Thesearenewwords.她送给我一些花。Shesentmesomeflowers.）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加3some,any等。例如：It'slovelyweather.天气真好。Doyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放点糖吗？Giveussomehelp.给我们一些帮助。（二）不定冠词的基本用法1 .泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）如：Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是医生。2 .代表某一类人或事物，相当于a

9、ny（+名词）（不必译为“一”,但必须用a,表示类别）马是有用的动物。Ahorseisausefulanimal.如：,但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）3.指某人或某物（不是指某一类）这本书是一位工人写的。如：Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.强烈（一般译为“一”）4.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one等一下。如：Waitamoment.5.表示单位，相当于"每”的意思如：Wehavethreemealsaday,我们每日吃三餐。.用于某此固定词组中例如：6afew,alittle,abit（of）,alotof等。（三）定冠词的基本用法1

10、.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物如：Givemethebook,把那本书给我。2 .指谈话双方都知道的人或事物如：Whereisthedoctor?医生在哪儿？3 .再次提到上文提到过的人或事物如：Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。4 .用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物如：Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。5 .用在序数词和形容词最高级前如：MrWangteachesthefirstclass.王先生上第

11、一节课。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。6 .用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物如：Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。7 .与下列专有名词连用1)在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake如：)在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人2格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。如：TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.和某些形容词连用，表示一类人8thedeadthesick病人死人老人theyou

12、ng年轻人therich富人thepoor穷人如：theold9.在一些习惯说法中theeast(west,south,north)inthemorning(afternoon,evening)ontheleft(right)intheendgotothecinema(四)不用冠词的几种情况(零冠词)1 .在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前不用冠词如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你至1J过上海吗？Welovescience.我们爱好科学。2 .在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词如：Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以当科学家。3 .在季节、月份、星期、

13、一日三餐的名称前不用冠词如：Itishotinsummer.夏天天气热。It'sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日，星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃过早饭没有？4 .称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前不用冠词如：What'sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦，迈克？Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我们学校的校长。5 .学科和球类运动的名称前不用冠词如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗？6 .名词前已有用作定语的this,t

14、hatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代词时，不用冠词如：Thatisherbike.那是她的自行车。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.这个班的每个学生都努力学习。7 .在某些固定词组的名词前不用冠词athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,goto如:bed等。（五）用与不用冠词的差异gotosea出海/gototheseainhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里去海边onearth究竟/ontheearth

15、在地球上，在世上place（of）代替attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁边infuture从今以后，将来/inthefuture未来takeplace发生/takethebysea乘月吕/bythesea在海onhorseback骑着马/onthehorseback在马背上twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人（共计两人）nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年infrontof在（外部的）前面/inthefrontof在（内部的）前面gotoschool（church）上学（做礼拜）/gototheschool（church）到学校（教堂）去out

16、ofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不可能的，办不到的ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家（一个人）/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家（两个人）随堂监测A组I.单项选择：1 .上学A.gotoschool2 .住院A,inthehospital3 .此亥UA.atthemoment4 .在课堂上A.inclass5 .在地球上A.onearth6 .步行A.onfoot7 .吃饭A.atatable8 .乘公共汽车A.takebus9 .在家A.atthehome10 .在工作A.atwork11 .跳高A.jumphigh12 .坐

17、飞机A.byairB.gototheschoolB.inahospitalB.atamomentB.inaclassB.onanearthB.onthefootB.atthetableB.bybusB.atahomeB.attheworkB.highjumpB.bytheairC.gotoaschoolC.inhospitalC.atmomentC.intheclassC.ontheearthC.onfeetC.attableC.bythebusC.athomeC.atworksC.thehighjumpC.onairA.bythetrainB.bytrainC.ontrain乘火车13.14

18、 .在校学习A.intheschoolB.inschoolC.inschools15 .睡觉A.gotobedB.gotothebedC.gotoabed16 .感冒A.haveacoldB.havethecoldC.havecold17 .乘船A.byshipB.onshipC.byaship18 .玩得痛快A.havegoodtimesB.haveagoodtimeC.havegoodtimes19 .事实上A.inthefactB.infactsC.infact21.从早至U晚A.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoeveningC.fromamo

19、rningtoanevening随堂监测B组选择填空1. Thereisoldwomaninthecar.A./B.theC.aD.an2. ShanghaiisineastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a3. BillisEnglishteacher.Helikesplayingfootball.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/4. Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalfhourtogotherebybus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/5. Thestoryisinteresting.Thatmeansiti

20、sinterestingstory.A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,a6. Let'sgoforwalk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./7. Thisisinterestingstory-bookanditisalsousefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an8. womanoverthereispopularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,the9. Theypassedourschooldaybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.the10.

21、 AustraliaisEnglish-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD./11. Don'tplaybasketballhere.It'sdangerous.A.aB.anC./D.the12. Thisisapple.It'sbigapple.A.an,aB.a,theC.a,anD.an,the13. -Haveyouseenbag?Ileftitherejustnow.-Isitoneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a14. Ihavebluecoat.A.aB.anC.

22、theD.some15. Thisisorange.orangeisonthetable.A.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An16. Haveyouhadbreakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17. Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinishoperation.A.aB.anC.theD.any18. Aftersupper,hestayedathomeandplayedviolin.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/19. Thereisappleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20. Hes

23、aidthathegot"C"inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./21. newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver.A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22. Englishisusefullanguageinworld.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23. Intheword“cariage""r"islost.A.theB.anC.aD./24. Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot"A&

24、quot;inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.one25. Ihavetwodogs.blackoneistwoyearsoldandyellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.the26. LiDancanplaypianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.the27. Whatinterestingfilmitis!Ilikefilmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/28. tallmanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.A.A,theB.The,aC.

25、A,anD.The,/同步练习isappleonthedesk.a.ab.thec.and./girlundertreeismysister.a.ab.thec.and./isfromUSA.a.ab.thec.and./metfriendofhisontheroad.a.ab.thec.and./BlackwillgobacktoEngland.a.byairb.byaplanec.bytrainsd.atatrainiwenttoworkonfoot.a./,/b./,thec.the,/d.the,theis"h"intheword"hour",b

26、ut"h"doesn'tmakeasound.a.a,ab.a,thec.the,and.an.the'mgoingtoseemymother.Shehospitalc.inahospitald.atahospital9. Wehavethreemealsday.wehavebreakfastat6：30inmorningeveryday.a.the,the,theb.the，/,thec.a,/,thed.a,the,the10. Thisisfilmi'vetoldyouaboutseveralt

27、imes.,It'sgreat.i'veneverseemoremovingone.a.a,ab.the,thec.the,ad.a,the11. Tina,couldyoupleaseplaypianoformewhilei'msinging?Withpleasure.a.ab.anc.thed./totryagain.pleasegivemethirdchanceagain.a.ab.thec.and./13. What'sthematterwithyou?Icaughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbed.a.a;/b.a;thec.a;ad.

28、the;the14. sunisshiningbrightly.a.ab.anc.thed./15. Swimmingisinsummer.a.agreatfunb.greatfunc.greatfunsd.greatafun小学定冠词和不定冠词练习题1.在空格内填上a或an1.ear3.hen4.toy5.university6.elephant7.hat12honestboybookquestiondress16applepie17X-raymachinecream2 .用a,an,the或"/"填空iscapitalofUnitedStatesofAmerica.is"A"onhispaper.3 .Iateapple.It'sredapple.manoverthereismyboss.movesaroundsun.newsisgoodnews.youvisitedGreatWall?oftenplayfootballafte