中考初中宾语从句讲义含答案

1、中考初中宾语从句讲义（含答案）导入：（在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语）Ikowntheman.（而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语）Iknowthattheman.jsa.policeman.Themanisapoliceman.1 .基本概念宾语：动作的承受者从句：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句：是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语2 .考试题型：宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目，其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和短文改错”中。3 .

2、引导词:（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句：e.g.Ihear（that）hewillbebackinanhour.注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。（2）由疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where,when,why,how引导的宾语从句e.g.1）Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（谁的,作定语）2）Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（为什么，作状语）3）Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（谁，作主语）注：这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。(

3、3)由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句：if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn'tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.If与whether的区别(1)与ornot连用只能用whetherEg:Idon'tknowhewillcomeornot.(2)介词后只能用whetherEg:I

4、don'tcareofheishandsome.(3)与todo不定式连用只能用whetherEg:Hewonderedtostayherethenextweek.(4)当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导Eg:hewillcomeisnotdecided.三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeetin

5、g.四、宾语从句种的时态变化Ihear(that)Jimwas(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jimis(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jimwillcook(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jimissinging(sing)apopularsongnow.Jimhasbeen(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jimwasplaying(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jimhadlearned(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.FHesaid

6、whattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.A.soon.、HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.Hetoldme(that)summerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.1 .当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。性原则）2 .当主句是一

7、般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）3 .当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）一、三类词引导的宾语从句：（从属连词that疑问词：8个“W”，1个“H”从属连词whether/if二、宾语从句的语序三、宾语从句的时态1. Idon'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I'lltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2. Idon'tkno

8、wthedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3. Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4. Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5. Iwanttoknow.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooki

9、ngC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6. Doyouknowwherenow?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7. Doyouknowwhattime?A. thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow.Canyoutellme,please?B. howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC. thetwoplayersar

10、ehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9. Thesmallchildrendon'tknow.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10. Ican'tunderstand.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans11. 按要求转换句型。1. DoesMr.Brown

11、enjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）fCouldyoutellusMr.BrownlivinginChina?2. "Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句），Heaskedmethegirlsomehelp.3. Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）JimTomisastudent.4. Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknowthetrain.5. They

12、wenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.（用not.until改写）Theygohometheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.6. DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）LiLeiwantstoknowPeterhereyesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I. 15DDDCD610ADDBDII. 1.if/whether;enjoys2.if/whether;needed3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5. didn'

13、t;until6.whether;came一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解Iwascute,activeandhappyuntilthatdaywhenIwas15monthsold.Ihadabadfall.Ilandedonaglassrabbitandcutoneofmyeyesbadlyenoughtoblindme.Thedoctorsaidthatiftheeyewastakenout,myfacewouldlookworse,somyscaredandblindeyelivesonwithme.Peopleoftenaskmeuncomfortablequestions

14、aboutmyeyeorevenplayjokesonme.Whenthekidsplayedgames,Iwasalwaysthe"badguy".Everyonelookeddownonme.YeteverytimemomnoticedIwasunhappy,shewouldsaytome,"Holdyourheaduphighandfacetheworld."Ithelpedmemoveoninlife.Asachild,Ithoughtmommeant:"Becarefuloryouwillfalldownorknockintosome

15、thingbecauseyouarenotlooking."Asateenager,Ialwayslookeddowntohidemyshame,butIfoundthatpeoplelikedmewhenIheldmyheaduphigh.InhighschoolIwasevenmademonitor,butoutsideIstillfeltlikeafreak（怪物）.AllIreallywantedwastolooklikeeveryoneelse.Whenthingsgotreallybad,Iwouldcrytomymomandshewouldlookatmewithlov

16、ingeyesandsay,"Holdyourheaduphighandfacetheworld.Letthemseethelovethatisinside."Mom'slovegavemeconfidence.FinallyIwasabletolookpeopleintheeye.Ilearnednotonlytoappreciate（欣赏）myselfbutalsotohavedeeploveforothers.（1） Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewas15monthsold?A.Shewasblindinbotheyes.B.S

17、hetriedtocatcharabbitandbrokeherleg.C.Shehadaneyediseaseandwenttoseethedoctor.D.Shefelldownonsomeglassandinjuredoneeye.（2） Peopleweretothewriterwhenshewasyoung.A.unfriendlyB.patientC.helpfulD.polite（3） WhichofthefollowingaboutthewriterisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Shecouldunderstandhermother'swo

18、rdswhenshewasachild.B.Shealwaysheldherheaduphighwhenshewasateenager.C.Shewasconfidentbothinclassandoutsideofhighschool.D.Hermomgaveherconfidenceandfinallyshecouldlookotherpeopleintheeye.（4） Inthepassage,thewriterwantstotellusweshould.A.repayourparents'loveB.learntoacceptandappreciateourselvesC.f

19、eelsorryaboutourdisadvantagesD.alwayshavedeeploveforothers【答案】(1)DA(3) D(4) B【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者失明后，妈妈一直鼓励自己要抬起头面对世界，这给作者很大的自信，妈妈的爱让作者知道不仅要欣赏自己，而且也要深爱别人。(1)细节题。根据whenIwas15monthsold.Ihadabadfall.Ilandedonaglassrabbitandcutoneofmyeyesbadlyenoughtoblindme.可知作者15个月大时，作者跌倒在玻璃上，以至于眼睛失明了，故选D。(2)细节题。根据Peopleoft

20、enaskmeuncomfortablequestionsaboutmyeyeorevenplayjokesonme可知人们问作者眼睛的问题，并且嘲笑作者，可知人们对作者是不友好的，故选Ao(3)细节题。根据Mom'slovegavemeconfidence.FinallyIwasabletolookpeopleintheeye.可知妈妈的爱给了作者信心，并且能用眼睛看人，故选Do(4)细节题。根据Ilearnednotonlytoappreciate(欣赏)myselfbutalsotohavedeeploveforothers.可知我们应该欣赏并且接受自己，故选Bo【点评】考查阅读

21、理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。2.阅读理解WhenIwasten,mymotherworkedalldaysoIhadtotakecareofmyyoungerbrother.Atthattimemylittlebrotherwasaboutfouryearsoldandhemissedmumallthetime.Oneday,afterIhadgivenhimhisdinner,hestartedcryingformum.Hewassoyoungandreallyneededmum.SoIdressedhim,putonhisshoes,carriedhimonmybacka

22、ndwalkedout.Soonhefellasleep.Abouthalfanhourlater,Ifoundthathehadlostashoewhilesleeping.Itookhimoffmybackandputhimdown.Iknewweneededtofindthatshoe,forourmothercouldn'taffordnewshoes.Wehadtogobacktofindit,soItoldmybrothertowaitrightthere.AmanhearditandstoppedmejustbeforeIwalkedoff.Heaskedme,"

23、;Youareleavingyourbrotherheretofindtheshoe?Whatwouldyoudoifheisnotherewhenyoureturn?"Ididnotknowhowtoanswerthatquestion.Hecontinued,"It'sOKifyoucan'tfindtheshoe,butitisnotOKtoloseyourbrother."Thenhesentustomum'sworkplacebytaxi.Ihavedependedon(依靠)thekindnessofmanystrangersi

24、nmywholelife,IfeelregretfulthatIcan'tfindthemandsaythankyou.Idonotevenrememberwhattheman'sfacelookedlike,buthetaughtmealessonpeoplearemoreimportantthanthings.(1) Whydidtheyoungerbrothercryforhismother?A.Becausehewashungry.B.Becausehemissedhismother.C.Becausehewantedtosleep.D.Becausehewantedt

25、oplayoutside.(2) Whatdoestheunderlinedword"regretful"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Sorry.B.Excited.C.Happy.D.Angry.(3) Whatdidthemanmeanbysaying"It'sOKifyoucan'tfindtheshoe,butit'snotOKtoloseyourbrother"?A.Peoplearemoreimportantthanthings.B.Thingsaremoreimportantthanpeople

26、.C.Boththeshoeandyourbrotherareimportant.D.Theshoeismoreimportantthanyourbrother.【答案】(1)BA(3)A【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者的妈妈整天工作，所以作者照顾弟弟，一天弟弟哭着找妈妈，作者背着弟弟出去了，结果把鞋子掉了，作者想丢下弟弟找鞋子，一位好心人告诉作者不要把弟弟独自丢下，并且带他们去找妈妈，这让作者明白了人比东西更重要。(1)细节题。根据hestartedcryingformum.Hewassoyoungandreallyneededmum.可知弟弟哭的原因是他想找妈妈了，故选Bo(2)细节题。根据I

27、can'tfindthemandsaythankyou.可知作者没有找到帮助作者的那些好心人，并且也没有说谢谢，所以作者是内疚的，故选Ao(3)细节题。根据后文hetaughtmealessonpeoplearemoreimportantthanthings.可知作者明白了人比东西更重要的道理，故选Ao【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。3.阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、日C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。CIntheoldtimes,therewasaking.Hehadaverybeautifulgarden.Inthegarden,therewasatre

28、ewithgoldenapplesonit.Butoneday,oneoftheappleswasmissing.Thekingdecidedtoorderapersontokeepwatchingthetreeatnight.Thekinghadthreesons.Hedecidedtosendtheeldestonetowatchthetree.Butinthemiddleofthenight,theeldestsonfellasleep.Thenextmorning,anotherapplewasmissing.Thesecondnight,thekingsentthesecondeld

29、estson.Butthesecondeldestsonalsofellasleepatmidnight.Andanotherapplewasmissingthenextmorning.Thethirdnight,thekingsenthisyoungestson.Theyoungestsonkeptwatchingthetree.Attwelveo'clock,hesawabird.Itwasagoldenbird.Itpickedanappleandflewaway,butitleftagoldenfeather.Theyoungestsonpickeditup,andthenex

30、tmorning,hetookittotheking.Hetoldhisfatherwhathehadseenatnight.Hearingthis,thekingwasveryhappy.Heorderedhisyoungestsontoguardthetreeeverynight.Hewantedhimtocatchthebird.However,intheend,theycouldn'tcatchthebirdandallthegoldenapplesonthetreeweretakenawaybythegoldenbird.(1) Beforethethirdnight,how

31、manyappleshavebeenmissing?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four(2) WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?A. Itwasabirdthatstoletheapples.B. Theyoungestsonfellasleepattwelveo'clock.C. Theyoungestsontriedtocatchthegoldenbirdbutfailed.D. Thekingaskedtheyoungestsontobringthegoldenfeathertohim.33)Whatdoesthelastparagraphmai

32、nlytalkabout?A. Thekingwasveryangrywiththebird.B. Theyoungestsonwasverybusyeverynight.C. Thekingwantedhisyoungestsontocatchthebird.D. Theyoungestsondidn'tcatchthebirdandlostalloftheapples.(4) What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A. Don'tbelazywhenyouareworking.B. Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.C

33、. Don'tgiveupthewholeforestbecauseofonetree.D. Abadbeginningmaycauseabadending.【答案】(1)CA(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】短文大意：国王发现自己的金苹果树丢了个金苹果，于是派出了自己的三个儿子去看守,前两晚因为两个儿子半夜睡着了，两个苹果丢了，第三晚，最小的儿子发现了是一只金鸟偷了一个苹果，但是也留下了一根金色的羽毛，国王获知后，他想抓住这只鸟，但结果是所有的苹果都被鸟儿带走了。(1)细节理解题。第三晚前总共丢失了三个苹果，故选Co(2)细节理解题。从Itwasagoldenbird.Itpick

34、edanappleandflewaway可知苹果是金色的鸟儿偷走的,故选A。(3)细节理解题。从intheend,theycouldn'tcatchthebirdandallthegoldenapplesonthetreeweretakenawaybythegoldenbird.可知选D。(4)主旨概括题。国王因为想要金色鸟儿而丢失了树上的所有苹果，得不尝试。故C不要因为一棵树而放弃整个森林”。【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。4.阅读理解Childrenlovetoplayandlaughthroughouttheirdays

35、atschoolorathome.Findingthetimetolaughwithyourchildrenmaybethebestthingyoucandofortherelationship.Encourageyourchildrentodevelopagoodhumorbylaughingatthejokestheymakeuponthespot.Thiswillhelpthemgrowconfidentandbuildtheirself-esteem.Ifyoudonotgetthejoke,youcanaskwhytheythinkthejokeisfunny.Honestfeedb

36、ackwillhelpyourchildrendevelopfunnierjokes.Youcantakethemtoyourlocallibraryandhavethempickupafewjokebooks.Thenyoucanheadbackhomeorouttotheparkandreadittogetherforagoodlaugh.Youcantaketurnsreadingjokestoeachotherfromthebookormakeupafewyourselves.Butiftheymakeajokeattheexpenseofanotherperson,youmaywan

37、ttodiscussthedifferencebetweenmakingfunofyourselfandmakingfunofothers.Inturn,trynottomakejokesatyourchildren'sexpense,youneedtosetanexamplethattheycanfollow.Learningtolaughatoneselfisagreatqualitytoattain.Youcansetanexamplebylaughingatyourownmistakes.Thisisagreatwaytohelpreduceyourownstressaswel

38、lasyourchildren's.Laughingmaymakethesituationseemlighterandeasiertoworkthrough.Bydoingthis,yourchildrenwillbebetterpreparedtohandleanydifficulties.Mostimportantly,laughingwillbringyouclosertogetherasafamily.Youcanhaveyourfamilyfinddifferentwaystolaugh.Youcanplaygames.Youcanstartastaringcontest,a

39、rmwrestlingcontest,thumbwarscontestandhaveaprizeforthewinners.Youcanallwatchyourbestfunnymoviesandactoutthebestpartstogetherafterthemoviesareover.Youcouldholdacontesttoseewhocanmaketheothermembersofthefamilylaughmorebydoingsomethingfunny.Kidswillbeabletoenjoythegoodtimetheyhadwiththeirparents.Thefam

40、ilythatlaughstogetherstaystogether!(1) Ifyouoftenplayandlaughwithyourchildren,youcan.A.developagoodhumorB.becomeproudandconfidentC.makeupsomefunnyjokesD.getalongwellwitheachother(2) Theunderlinedword"them"refersto.A.funnyjokesB.interestingbooksC.yourchildrenD.thefamily(3) Wecaninferthatwhe

41、nyourchildrenmakemistakesyoushould.A.teachthemtolaughatthemistakesB.blamethemseriouslyC.punishthematonceD.tellthemtodobetterinfuture(4) TheauthoradvisesinPara.4thatpeoplemaketheirfamilymemberslaughby.A.havingapartyB.havingsomekindsofcontestsC.doingsomehouseworkD.readingjokebooks(5) Whatcanbethebestt

42、itleforthetext?A.TheMoreYoulaugh,theBetterYouB.LaUdpengEveryDayIsSimpleC.HowtoLaughinEverydayLifeD.LaughterIsGoodforYourFamily【答案】(1)DC(3) A(4) B(5) D【解析】readingjokebooksdoingsomehouseworkdoingsomehousework【分析】文章从几个方面讲述了经常大笑对孩子的成长对家庭关系有极大的好处。(1) 第一段laughwithyourchildrenmaybethebestthingyoucandoforth

43、erelationship。陪孩子笑是你所能做的最好的事情去建立和孩子的友好关系，有利于相处。故选D(2)前一句helpyourchildren所以them指代children意为带孩子去图书馆。故选C(3) helpthemgrowconfident帮助孩子们建立信心。B为责备孩子C为催促孩子D为让孩子以后做的更好。这三项都不能达到帮孩子树立信心的效果，故选A(4) 文中提至Uyoucouldholdacontest.havingaparty.doingsomehousework,readingjokebooks其余三项未提到，故选B(5)本文通篇在讲经常大笑对孩子，对家庭的好处，并提出建议

44、和方法，A你笑的越多，变得更好，B,每天都大笑很简单，C怎样每天都笑。这三项不符合文章内容，故选D【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。5.阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、BC、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Nancy'shobbyiscollectingsharpeners（卷笔刀）.Shespendsalotoftimeonitafterschool.Shehasbeencollectingmorethanonehundredsharpeners.Theyarealldifferentincolourandsize.Nancylikessharpenerswithanimalsonthem.Inthisway,shelearnsthenamesofmanyanimals.Shealsoborrowsbooksonanimalsfromherschoollibrary.Shelearnsalotaboutthemfrombooks.火柴盒)orSometimesNancyhasmanysharpenersofthesamekind.Shegivesthemtoherfriends.Thentheygiveherotherdifferentsha