高考英语语法非谓语动词课件

1、 主讲主讲: : 雷小娟雷小娟 非谓语动词非谓语动词? 在句子中充当在句子中充当除谓语以外的除谓语以外的 句子成分的动词形式句子成分的动词形式叫做非叫做非 谓语动词。谓语动词。非谓语动词分为非谓语动词分为三种形式三种形式: :1)1)不定式，不定式，2)2)动名词，动名词，3)3)分词分词( (现在现在分词和分词和过去过去分词分词) )。不定式不定式-形式形式(The Infinitive)(The Infinitive)时态时态语语态态 主动主动 被动被动 一般式一般式 to do to be done 进行式进行式to be doing/完成式完成式 to have done to hav

2、e been done 完成进完成进行式行式to have been doing/不定式不定式动词不定式在句中可作动词不定式在句中可作 主语主语( (Subject),),宾语宾语( (Object), ), 定语定语( (Attribute),),表语表语 ( (Predicative)状语状语( (Adverbial) )等。等。 Its a good habit to get up early . We plan to go to the seaside for our holiday . She is looking for a room to live in . My job is

3、to help the patient . To sleep late in the afternoon , Bob turned off the alarm .动名词动名词/现在分词现在分词时态时态/语态语态 主动主动 被动被动 一般式一般式 doing being done 完成式完成式 having done having been done 3)过去分词过去分词只有只有done 一种形式一种形式.动名词动名词:在句中起在句中起名词名词作用，作用，可作可作主语主语,表语表语,宾语宾语和和定语定语1)_ (收集信息收集信息）is very important to businessmen.

4、2)My favourite sport is _ (踢足球踢足球）3)He finished _ (看完这本书看完这本书)yesterday.4)He has a _ room. (书房书房）Collecting informationreading the bookreadingplaying football定语定语; ;表语表语; ;状语状语; ;宾语补足语宾语补足语 1)Do you know the girl baking bread.2)The sleeping beauty was so charming.3) Moved by his words, I accepted hi

5、s present. 4) When I heard my name called , I stood up . 分词分词:现在现在分词分词(v.ing) 过去过去分词分词(done) 在句中作何成分在句中作何成分? 非谓语动词的非谓语动词的否定式否定式?1)not+to do(不定式不定式)2)not+doing(动名词动名词/现现在分词在分词) eg. Our teachers often tell us_to lie.not eg. _having been informed, he didnt know the notice.Not非谓语作非谓语作状语状语的的 重点重点与与难点难点状语

6、状语动词不定式在句中可作动词不定式在句中可作 目的目的, ,原因原因, ,结果结果状语状语。 1.To pass the exam , Bob studied hard. (In order to (表表目的目的)2.Nice to meet you again. (表表原因原因) )3.He worked hard only to fail .(表表结果结果) )动名词动名词:在句中作在句中作主语主语,表语表语,宾语宾语和和定语定语 而而不能作不能作状语状语分词分词:现在现在分词分词(v.ing) 过去过去分词分词(done) 想一想想一想: 在句中可作在句中可作哪些状语哪些状语? ? Un

7、derline the nonfinite verbs(找非谓语动词找非谓语动词):1.a)Having done their homework, the students left the classroom.1.b)Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. (=After they had done) (=When he was asked.) (时间状语时间状语) 3.a)Being ill, he didnt go to school.3.b)Born in the village, he knows a lot of people t

8、here.(=As he was ill, )(=As/Because he was born ) (原因状语原因状语) 2.a)Working hard, you will do well in your exams.2.b)Given more time, I can do better. (=If you work hard, )(=If I am given) (条件状语条件状语)4.a)Though weighing almost fifty kilograms, the box was lifted by him with one hand. 4.b)Although tired,

9、 they continued to work.(= Though it weighs)(=Although they were tired, ) (让步状语让步状语)5.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan (=, so that he became an orphan, .) (结果状语结果状语)6.a)They went into the room, Laughing and talking. 6.b)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students (方式或伴随方式或伴

10、随)(=, laughed and talked.)(=and was surrounded)总结总结:分词分词( (现在现在, ,过去过去分词分词) )在句在句中作状语中作状语, ,可表可表时间时间、 原因原因、条件条件、让步让步、 伴随伴随或或方式方式等含义等含义, ,现在现在分词还可作分词还可作结果结果状语、状语、相当于一个对应的相当于一个对应的状语从状语从句句所表达的意思所表达的意思. .总结总结非谓语作状语的非谓语作状语的高考热门例析高考热门例析例析例析Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. See

11、n Seen from the top of the mountain, we can view the beauty of the whole city. Seeing 规律规律( (一一): ):分词分词: :现在分词现在分词/ /过去分词过去分词现在现在分词表示分词表示主动主动和和进行进行； 过去过去分词表示分词表示被动被动和和完成完成。分词作状语时分词作状语时, ,无论主无论主动还是被动形式动还是被动形式, ,分词动分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致主语应该保持一致当非谓语的逻辑主语与当非谓语的逻辑主语与 句子的逻辑主语不一致时句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用

12、还可用哪种结构哪种结构来表达来表达? Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. We seeing当非谓语的逻辑主语与当非谓语的逻辑主语与 句句子的逻辑主语不一致时子的逻辑主语不一致时,还还可用可用独立主格结构独立主格结构来表达来表达?1.The manager,_it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A.who has made B. made C.having made D. making 2._many tim

13、es, he did it well. A.Being told B.Having told C.Having been told D.To be toldCC规律规律( (二二): ):当当v-ing形式作状语时，形式作状语时，要考虑要考虑时态时态与与语态语态若它若它所表示的动作发生在谓所表示的动作发生在谓语动作语动作之前之前，需用，需用having done, 如果表被动则用如果表被动则用 having been done3. He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone. A. finding B. found C.

14、finds D. to find4.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeDA规律规律( (三三):):不定式与现在分词都可作不定式与现在分词都可作 结果状语结果状语区别区别: :不定式表不定式表“出乎意料出乎意料, ,意料意料之外之外”现在分词表现在分词表“顺其自然顺其自然, ,意意料之中料之中, ,方式或伴随方式或伴随, ,还可还可表原因表原因( (前因后果前因

15、后果) )”等等, , 非谓语作状语的非谓语作状语的 习惯用法习惯用法与与特殊用法特殊用法1._from his look,she must have just been separated from her Mr. Right. A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Being judgedB解析此题考察此题考察v.ing 作插入作插入语语的习惯用法的习惯用法, ,故选故选B2._you the truth, I dont agree with what you said just now. A. TellB. To tell C. TellingD. To

16、ldB解析此题考察此题考察不定式不定式作插作插入语入语的习惯用法的习惯用法, , 故选故选 B 必背必背:Judging from由由判断判断副词副词(adv.)+speaking 的来说的来说generally speaking 一般说来一般说来,总的来说总的来说,personally speaking就个人来说就个人来说, 就自己而言就自己而言strictly speaking严格说来严格说来believe it or not 信不信由你信不信由你必背必背: to be honest 老实说老实说to tell you the truth说老实话说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说坦

17、率地说to say nothing of 姑且不说姑且不说to be sure 诚然，固然诚然，固然 to be exact 精确地说精确地说so to speak 可以这么说可以这么说to be brief 简言之简言之to conclude 总而言之总而言之to do him justice 说句对他公道的话说句对他公道的话 to make a long story short 长话短说长话短说 to begin with 首先首先 非谓语动词作状语的非谓语动词作状语的 高考热门考点高考热门考点小结小结小结小结: :1.1.分词与主语的关系分词与主语的关系 ( (分词动作的逻辑主语和主句分

18、词动作的逻辑主语和主句 的主语应该的主语应该保持一致保持一致: : 表示表示主动主动和和进行进行用用现在现在分词分词; 表示表示被动被动和和完成完成用用过去过去分词分词)2.2.要考虑要考虑时态时态与与语态语态3.3.要记一些要记一些习惯用法习惯用法非谓语作状语的非谓语作状语的 巩固练习巩固练习1.His parents died, _ him an orphan. A. Left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave2.He rushed to the post office only_ it was closed. A. finding B.find C. fou

19、nd D. to findBD3.When _ help, one often says, “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”(福建卷福建卷33题）题） A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered4.He called the police for help, _ that the problem was more than he could deal with. A. realize B. to realize C. realized D. realizing DD5._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received6.While watching television, _. （全国卷（全国卷18题）题） the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings7._it or not, y