被动语态-精讲

1、被动语态Ernie. WangDec.1,2015Dec.1,2015被动语态基本概念当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动被动语态语态。被动语态形式：be+过去分词，不同时态通过be表现出来。 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态主语是动作的执行者。We planted the tree.B. 被动语态主语是动作的承受者。The tree was planted by us. 两种语态Why？为何使用被动语态1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的

2、执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。3. 强调动作的承受者时；如：The sony company was attacked by hackers;3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，19894、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。例如：等词时。例如：Max是被Paul叫来的。 Max is asked to come by Paul5、

3、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“据报道据报道”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 写作常用系列习语。被动语态的形式Bedone随时态变化各种时态下的被动语态 一般现在时The classroom is cleaned by us everyday.History is mad

4、e by the people.Confucius works are still read by many people today.一般过去时The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.The lost boy was found at the street corner last night.The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889.一般将来时The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow.Eason Chen will also be asked to appear i

5、n films.More subway lines will be built in six months.过去将来时She said the classroom would be cleaned by us tomorrow.Tim said the new hotel will be built in the future.现在进行时The classroom is being cleaned by us.A new railway is being built.The road is being repaired.过去进行时The classroom was being cleaned

6、by us yesterday this time.The roads were being widened then.The new house was being painted when I got home.现在完成时The classroom has been cleaned by us.These plants have been grown without the use of any chemicals.The work have been finished.过去完成式The classroom had been cleaned by us few days ago .A ne

7、w hotel had been built when I got hereHe told me that the work had been finished.将来完成时I told them the classroom will have been cleaned by us in one hours. Many new buildings will have been built in London by next year.过去将来完成时Few days ago I told the teacher that the classroom would have been cleaned

8、by us in 2 days.The day was drawing near when the reservior would have been completed.练习 Workers are building a new teaching building in our school Well put on the play next Sunday They had completed the railway by the end of last year 基本句式第四种： 主谓直接宾语间接宾语 1. He bought his friend some fruits yesterda

9、y.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.2. He bought her a watch.She was bought a watch (by him).A watch was bought for her (by him). Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me.(x)I was made a doll by my father.He wrote her

10、a letter. A letter was written to her.(x)She was written a letter by him.My aunt sewed me a skirtA skirt was sewed for me by my aunt.(x)I was made a skirt by my aunt.基本句式第四种：主谓直接宾语间接宾语 间接宾语作主语时：间接宾语be过去分词（原）直接宾语直接宾语做主语时：直接宾语be过去分词介词（原）间接宾语* 部分双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等），直接

11、宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question.I was answered that question by him.(x)That question was answered me by him.有宾语补足语的主动语态时，不足以放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然保持不变，但语法功能改变此时宾语补足语不再是宾语补足语，而是主语补足语。Th

12、ey will make Beijing more beautiful.Beijing will be made more beautiful (by them).Children saw the balloons rising.The balloons were seen rising (by children).He saw a thief steal something from the room.A thief was seen to steal something from the room.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 被动语态：（原）宾语be过去分词宾语补足语by原主语的宾格He looks after her grandmother.Her grandmother is looked after by her.A truck is running over a bag.A bag is being run over by a truck.主语不及物动词介词宾语 被动语态：（原）宾语be过去分词介词by原主语宾格由情态动词构成的被动语态主语情态动词be过去分词We can easily download music from the Internet.Music can be easily downloaded from the Internet.They need