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题 目家用轿车(捷达)膜片弹簧离合器的改进设计论文（设计）的主要任务与具体要求（有实验环节的要提出主要技术指标要求）一、主要任务：选择膜片弹簧离合器为研究对象。首先应掌握了离合器的作用、结构、原理等基本理论知识；然后广泛查阅相关资料，掌握和了解膜片弹簧离合器发展的最新技术和应用；在此基础上展开对膜片弹簧离合器的改进设计，包括结构方案的选择、主要参数的计算、主要部件的设计计算等，最后完成对膜片弹簧离合器的改进设计任务。二、具体要求（一）设计说明书1前言2离合器结构方案设计；3离合器主要参数的选择；4膜片弹簧的设计计算；5离合器主要零部件的结构设计计算。（二）绘图1膜片弹簧离合器总装配图；2膜片弹簧零件图；3其它相关重要零件图。三、课题完成后应提交的技术文件或实物（调查报告、图表、设计图纸、软件）：1设计说明书（40版面以上）2英文翻译：原文与译文，其中译文2500字符以上；3设计图纸：（相当于两张零号图纸）（1）膜片弹簧离合器总装配图；（2）膜片弹簧离合器零件图；（3）其它相关重要零件图。4其它相关资料：设计符号说明，公式及相关推导，相关的照片等（可附于设计说明书后）进度安排（包括时间划分和各阶段主要工作内容）2015.11.111.14 公布毕业论文（设计）题目，组织学生选题，向学生下达任务书；2015.11.1528 学生作开题报告或开题综述；2015.11.292016.3.12 在老师的指导下,学生撰写毕业设计(论文) 2016.3.133.19 初稿完成，中期检查；2016.3.204.9 在老师的指导下,学生继续撰写毕业设计(论文),完成2、3三稿2016.4.104.23 在教师指导学生完成毕业论文（设计）的最终稿；2016.4.245.30 审阅及评定成绩；2016.5.15.7 组织答辩2016.5.85.14 归档2016.5.155.21 总结主要参考文献1、汽车构造（第五版）（上下册） 陈家瑞 人民交通出版社 2006 2、汽车设计 刘涛 北京大学出版社 20083、汽车设计 王望予 机械工业出版社 20044、汽车设计 刘惟信 清华大学出版社 20015、汽车理论 余志生 机械工业出版社 20006、汽车设计课程设计指导书 王国权 龚国庆 机械工业出版社2010-03 7、汽车工程手册设计篇 汽车工程手册编委会 人民交通出版社 2001 8、汽车制动系的结构分析与设计计算 刘惟信编著 清华大学出版社2004 9、桑塔纳世纪新秀99新秀LX轿车维修手册 张立新王志超 机械工业出版社 200410、捷达电喷系列轿车维修手册 机械工业出版社 2005 11、广州本田飞度轿车维修手册 张春华 佟荣长 机械工业出版社 200512、颐达（或祺达）轿车使用维修手册 机械工业出版社 13、颐达/骐达TIIDA系列备件目录 东风日产汽车公司 2006.414、中国CNKI论文数据库15、汽车实用英语 粟利萍 电子工业出版社 200516、丰田凯美瑞维修手册（2007版英文版） 17、Rudolf Limpert. BRAKE DESIGN and SAFETY. Warrendale, PA 15096,USA: SAE,Inc. ,199215John Fenton . Hand Book of Vehicle Design Analysis. Warrendale , PA，USA：Society of Automotive EngineersInc. ,1996指导教师签名教研室审核意见二级学院审核意见任务接受人（签名）年 月 日负责人： 年 月 日负责人： 年 月 日年 月 日备注：1、本任务书一式三份，由指导教师填写相关栏目，经二级学院审核同意后，二级学院、指导教师和学生各执一份。 2、本任务书须装入学生的毕业论文（设计）档案袋存档。 ClutchesAccording to the statistics, there are about 90 auto clutch assembly and its main parts manufacturers now in China. Before 1985, the main products of these clutch plants were helical spring clutches for truck OE and service markets. Their production scale was limited and facilities and technological process level were low. Since 1985, Changchun No.228 Factory, Clutch Plant of Nanjing Automobile Works, Shanghai General Plant of Auto Clutch and huangshi Auto Clutch Plant successively introduced the advanced manufacturing technologies of diaphragm spring clutch and the key producing equipments from foreign countries,which made them become the four dominate clutch manufacturers with advanced products,comparatively high processing level and good manufacturing equipment. The description of these four factories and plants are as follow:1.Changchun NO.228 Plant is a military enterprise .In 1984,it allied with FAW and began to produce auto clutches. In the year followed ,it introduced the manufacturing technology for diaphragm springClutch from AP . Besides the helical spring clutches with six different dimensions have also been manufactured by this plant . They are 180/190mmDST , 215mmDST, 340mmDST, 330mmDS, andDouble plated 350mmDS . In addition ,the heat treatment equipment , sand blaster , stamping machine , riveter , dynamic balancing machine and clutch assembly testing equipment have also been imported by this plant from Austria , Germany , UK and Japan respectively , A production capacity of 0.25 million sets a year has been formed . Their products are mainly used for Jiefang truck of FAW and Alto car and mini vans produced by Norinco,2 .Clutch Plant of Nanjing Automobile Works has been engaged in auto clutch manufacturing since 30 years ago . There is a clutch research institute in this plant , which is the testing center of clutch industry of China , In December 1985 , it imported technology of diaphragm spring clutch from BORG WARNER Co .(USA) and started to manufacture clutches with 9 different dimensions , namely 0170 , 0180 , 0210 , 0216 , 0232 , 0246 , 0280 , 0330 and 0335 . It also imported the heat treatment line ,welding machine , dyanmic balancing machine , spring winding machine , stamping machine and USA . A capacity of 0.30 million sets per year has been formed with the products mainly for light trucks and IVECO van manufactured by Nanjing Automobile works , Daihatsu mini-vanmanufactured by Tianjing Automotive Corporation ,the diesel engine manufactured by Beijing General Plant of Internal Combustion Engine , GM 2.0 L gasoline engine and Styre heavy duty truck . 3. Specialized in clutch production ,Shanghai Clutch Factory is under Shanghai General Automotive Corporation , It allied with several other factories and formed Shanghai General Plant of Auto Clutch . In April 1987 , it imported from FISHTEL SACHS (Germany) the technology for manufacturing diaphragm spring clutch (0210) of Santan car . The equipments such as heat treatment line ,abrator , dynamic balancing machine , comprehensive test bench , diaphragm spring dynamometer , torsion test machine , etc . have been imported from Germany , UK , Japan and Austria successively . The production capacity of this plant now has reached about 90000 sets per year . Besides the clutch for Santana car , it also manufactures the clutches for jeep , mini van ,light truck and heavy truck as well.4.Huangshi Auto Clutch Plant located in Huangshi City of Hubei Province has more than 30 years history of clutch production . In order to harmonize with the car project and truck product development plan of Dongfeng Automotive Corporation . it introduced the manufacturing technology for 0180 , 0200 , 0215 auto diaphragm spring clutch from VALEO of France using the loan provided by the French government . Meanwhile it also imported from this company the technology to manufaced from this company the technology to manufacture 0218 and 0310 disk spring clutches for tractors and 26 pieces of manufacturing and testing equipment , eg . the heat treatment line . Its production capacity amounts to 0.37 million sets per year.Apart from the above- mentioned four factories and plants , there are several other plants worth of mentioning .Suzhou Auto Accessary Factory , Shenyang Auto Clutch Plant , Beijing Auto Clutch Plant , Hangzhou Clutch Steel Plant Factory , Hangzhou Xihu Clutch Plant , Sichuan Clutch Plant .All the six plants in the above table have over 20years of experience of clutch manufacturing , but are mainly engaged in making plates . The investment made respectively by these 6 plants in recent years are not as much as those 4 factories and plants mentioned before . Therefore both their manufacturing and testing equipment are backward . But on the other hand , the economic efficiency of these 6 plants is quite good .Generally speaking ,China s auto clutch industry has been developed rapidly and has changed a lot in recent years , It is mainly expressed in the following aspects :1 . Advanced technologies have been introduced from the world famous auto clutch manufacturers in USA , France , Germany and U.K . The product structure has been greatly changed ,which can basically meet the demand of the domestic market . In some individual cases , development work has been done on the basis of the imported products or further complementary technology introduction has been carried out .2. Four sets of key manufacturing and testing equipment have been imported down through these years and four main auto clutch manufacturing plants have been built . The products of these four plants basically can supply the OE market of the main automobile manufacturers in china . But in some special cases , the production capacity has not been formed completely and further investment is being made . The technical and economic efficiency of these four plants art not so obviously high , nevertheless , the reality is that their strength has definitely been formed.3.Up to now , as much as the international cooperation is concerned , only the cooperation in technological area is involved . Actually setting up join venture is a sound way to accelerate the pace of establishing auto clutch manufacturing enterprises with high international level . China has a tremendous market for auto clutches and is the ideal place for foreign investment . Further more opportunities are abundant in this vast land .Clutch is located between the engine and gearbox shell flywheel, clutch assembly will screw fixed to the flywheel after the plane, the output shaft is a clutch gearbox input shaft. In the car, the driver can be down or release the clutch pedal, so that the temporary separation of the engine and gearbox and progressive joint, in order to cut off or transfer engine power to the transmission input. According to the work required to keep the initiative driven shaft axis and the separation of bonding or mechanical parts. Transmission system can be used to manipulate the machine start, stop, such as variable speed and reversing. Clutch variety, according to the nature of the work can be divided into: manipulated clutch. Its manipulation methods have mechanical, electromagnetic, pneumatic and hydraulic, etc., such as embedded in the clutch (through the teeth, teeth or keys chimeric transfer torque), the friction clutch (using friction torque transmission), Air Flexible Clutch (with compressed air tire expansion and contraction joints in order to manipulate the friction pieces or separation of the clutch), the electromagnetic clutch switch (with magnetizing current to generate magnetic torque transmission), and magnetic clutch (with excitation coil so that magnetic magnetized to form a magnetic chain in order to transfer torque). automatic clutch. With a simple auto-complete mechanical bonding or separate action, is further divided into the safety clutch (when the transmission reaches a certain value of torque transmission shaft can be automatically separated in order to prevent overload, essential spare parts to avoid damage to the machine), the centrifugal clutch (when the initiative axis speed reaches a certain value, because of the role of centrifugal force to enable connectivity between the drive shaft or exceed a certain speed on its own after the separation), directional clutch (also known as overrunning clutch, the use of ratchet - the engagement)。Clutch and Clutch service In order to transmit the power of the power of the engine to the road wheels of a car , a friction clutch and a change speed gearbox are normally employed . The former is necessary in order to enable the drive to be taken up gradually and smoothly , while the latter provides different ratios of speed reduction from the engine to the wheels , to suit the particular conditions of running .A clutch performs two tasks:(1) It disengages the engine from the gearbox to allow for gear changing(2) It is a means for gradually engaging the engine to the driving wheels , when a vehicle is to be moved from rest the clutch must engage a stationary gearbox shaft with the engine : this must be rotating at a high speed to provide sufficient power or else the load will be too great and the engine will start (come to test).Clutch ActionTo start the engine , the driver must depress the clutch pedal . This disengages the gearbox from the engine . To move the car , the drive must reengage the gearbox to the engine . However, the engagement of the parts must be gradual . An engine at idle develops little power . If the two parts were connected too quickly , the engine would stall . The load must be applied gradually to operate the car smoothly .A driver depresses the clutch pedal to shift the gears inside the gearbox . After the driver releases the clutch pedal , the clutch must act as solid coupling device . It must transmit all engine power to the gearbox , without slipping .The clutch mechanism include three basic parts :drving member , driven member , operating members.The driving member The driving member consists of two parts : the flywheel and the pressure plate . The flywheel is bolted directly to the engine crandkshaft and rotates when the crankshaft turns . The pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel . The result is that both flywheel and pressure plate rotate together.The driven memberThe driven member, or clutch disc , is located between the flywheel and pressure plat . The disc has a splined hub that locks to the splined input shaft on the gearbox . Any rotation of the clutch disc turns the input shatf . Likewise , any motion of the input shaft moves the clutch disc . The splines allow the clutch disc to move forward and backward on the shaft as it engages and disengages.The inner part of the clutch disc , called the hub flange, has a number of small coil springs . These springs are called torsional springs . They let the middle part of the clutch disc turn slightly on the hub . Thus , the springs absorb the torsional vibrations of the crankshaft . When the springs have compressed completely , the clutch moves back until the springs relax . In other words , the clutch absorbs these engine vibrations , preventing the vibrations from going through the drive train .Operating MembersThese are the parts that release pressure from the clutch disc . The operating members consist of the clutch pedal , clutch return spring ,clutch linkage , clutch fork , and throwout bearing . The clutch linkage includes the clutch pedal and a mechanical or hydraylic system to move the other operating members.When the clutch pedal is depressed , the clutch linkage operates the clutch fork . The clutch fork, or release fork , moves the throwout bearing against the pressure plate release levers . These levers then compress springs that normally hold the clutch disc tighdy against the flywheel .At this point , the torque of the engince cannot turn the gearbox input shaft . The gears in the gearbox may be shifted or the vehicle can be brought to a full stop.When the clutch pedal is released , the pressure plat forces the clutch disc against the flywheel . The clutch return springs helps raise the pedal .Clutch ServiceThe major parts of the clutch assembly need no maintenance or lubrication during normal service . However , all linkage parts need lubrication at points of contact . The linkage itself must be adjusted to prevent wear of the clutch disc .离合器据统计,大约有90个汽车离合器总成及其主要零部件制造商在中国现在。在1985年之前,这些离合器厂的主要产品是螺旋弹簧离合器卡车OE和服务市场。他们的生产规模是有限的和设施和工艺流程较低水平。自1985年以来,长春No.228工厂,南京汽车离合器厂工,上海通用汽车离合器和黄石汽车离合器的工厂先后从外国国家引进了膜片弹簧离合器的先进制造技术和关键生产设备, 相对高的处理水平和良好的生产设备，使他们成为四个主导离合器与先进的产品制造商。这四个工厂的描述是:1.长春 No.228年工厂是一个军工企业。在1984年,它与一汽结盟,开始生产汽车离合器。一年之后,从美国引进的膜片弹簧的制造技术。除了膜片弹簧离合器，六种不同的维度也被这个工厂生产的。他们是180/190毫米DST 215 毫米DST 340毫米DST,330毫米DS, 350毫米DS。另外,热处理设备、喷砂机,烫金机,铆钉机,动平衡机和离合器总成检测设备也由这工厂从奥地利,德国、英国和日本进口。每年0.25万套的生产能力已经形成。他们的产品由北方工业主要用于一汽解放卡车和泰汽车和小货车2.南京汽车离合器厂，30年前工作以来一直从事汽车离合器制造。离合器在这种工厂研究,这是离合器行业的测试中心,1985年12月,它从BORG十强”华纳进口膜片弹簧离合器技术有限公司(美国),开始生产离合器与9个不同维度,即0170,0180,0210,0216,0232,0246,0280、033和0335。它还进口热处理线、焊接机、调整平衡机,弹簧卷绕机,美国烫金机。每年0.30万套的能力，已经形成产品主要的轻型卡车和依维柯车由南京汽车制造工作,天津汽车公司生产的小型货车柴油引擎，北京内燃机的一般车间,通用汽车的2.0升汽油发动机和重型卡车。3.专业生产离合器,离合器厂是在上海通用汽车公司,它与其他几个工厂和上海通用汽车离合器的工厂形成的。1987年4月,它从FISHTEL十强”(goldman SACHS)进口(德国)的技术制造Santan的汽车膜片弹簧离合器(0210)。热处理线等设备,喷砂,动平衡机,综合试验台,膜片弹簧测力计,扭力测试机等。从德国,英国、日本和奥地利先后进口。现在这个工厂的生产能力已经达到每年约90000套。除了桑塔纳汽车的离合器,它还生产吉普车,小型货车、轻型卡车和重型卡车的离合器。4.黄石汽车离合器厂位于湖北省黄石市，生产离合器有30多年的历史。为了协调汽车和卡车东风汽车公司的产品开发计划项目。该厂引进了法国政府提供的贷款制造技术为0180、0200、0215法国法雷奥汽车膜片弹簧离合器的方法。同时也从这个公司进口由这家公司制造技术制造拖拉机和0218年和0310年的碟形弹簧离合器的26件的制造和检测设备技术,如。热处理线。其相当于每年0.37万套的生产能力。除了上述四家工厂和车间,还有其他几种工厂的提及，苏州汽车附件厂、沈阳汽车离合器厂、北京汽车离合器厂、杭州离合器钢铁厂厂、杭州西湖离合器厂、四川离合器厂。所有六个工厂在上面的表有超过20年的经验的离合器制造业,但主要从事制作离合器盘。近年来并不像之前提到的那些4个工厂分别由这六个工厂投资。因此他们的制造和测试设备都落后。但另一方面,这些6个工厂的经济效益非常好。一般来说,中国的汽车离合器行业一直发展迅速,近年来有了很大的变化,它主要表现在以下方面:1 在美国、法国、德国引进了世界著名汽车离合器制造商的先进技术。产品结构大大改变,可基本满足国内市场的需求。在某些个别的情况下,开发能力在引进的产品上更进一步的完善改进。2 四组关键的制造和检测设备进口，经过这些年来四个主要汽车离合器制造工厂已经建好了。这四个工厂的产品基本上可以满足中国汽车制造商OE市场的需求。但在一些特