玻璃纤维基本知识

1、一、什么是玻璃纤维I. What is fiberglass?n材料分类 Material Category n产品品种 Product categoryn主要性能 Main propertiesn主要产品 Main products1、材料分类 Material category Steel钢铁 Metal 金属 Nonferrous metals有色金属 Organic materials有机材料Materials Fiberglass玻璃纤维玻璃纤维材料 FRP/High performance composites Nonmetal Special glass/deep-process

2、ed glass 非金属 Inorganic Special ceramic materials Artificial crystal 无机材料 Synthetic mica Laser crystal Special cementing material 2、产品品种Product category Medium-Alkali fiberglass (C)中碱中碱 Continuous fiberglass Alkali-free fiberglass (E)无碱无碱 连续玻璃纤维 High-Alkali fiberglass (A)高碱 Staple fiberglass & gl

3、ass wool玻璃棉Fiberglass玻璃纤维 High-strength fiberglass (S) 高强 High-modulus fiberglass (M）高模量 High-silica fiberglass高硅氧 Special fiberglass Alkali & corrosion resistant fiberglass 抗碱 特种玻璃纤维 Optical communication fiberglass光通信 Light-guide fiberglass光导3、玻璃材料 Glass-making materialsn中碱玻璃原料 C-glass raw mat

4、erialso中碱玻璃球 C-glass marbleo中碱玻璃粉料 C-glass batcho中碱废丝 C-glass recycled waste fibern无碱玻璃原料 E-glass raw materialso无碱玻璃球 E-glass marbleo无碱玻璃粉料 E-glass batcho无碱废丝 E-glass recycled waster fiber3.1 中碱玻璃粉料C-glass Raw materialsn石英砂 Quartz sand：SiO2n钠长石 Albite：AL2O3 、Na2On白云石 Dolomite：CaO MgO n石灰石 Limestone：

5、CaO n莹石 Fluorspar：CaF2 n纯碱 Soda ash：Na2CO3 n硝酸钠 Sodium nitrate：NaNO3 n无水硫酸钠 Anhydrous sodium sulfate：Na2SO4 n氧化铈 Ceria：CeO2 3.2 无碱玻璃粉料 E-Glass raw materialsn高岭土/叶腊石 Clay/Pyrophyllite：AL2O3 、SiO2n硼钙石 Colemanite：B2O3、CaOn石灰石 Limestone：CaO n莹石 Fluorspar：CaF2、SiO2、CaCO3 n石英砂 Quartz sand：SiO2n纯碱 Soda ash

6、：Na2CO3 n无水硫酸钠 Anhydrous sodium sulfate ：Na2SO43.3 玻璃成分 Glass compositionNoImage3.3 成分与作用 Components and their functionso氧化硅SiO2：物质基础、骨架 Basis and matrixo氧化铝Al2O3 ：降析晶和膨胀系数,提高稳定性和强度o to reduce recrystallization and expansiono coefficient and increase stability and strength o氧化钙氧化镁 ：降低高温时粘度，促进熔化、澄清、提

7、高拉丝速度 CaO/ MgO: To reduce viscosity at high temperature and promote melting, refining and increase winding speed. o氧化硼B2Oo氧化铁Fe2O3 o碱金属；助熔，提高流动性 o Na2O/K2O ； To aid melting and increase fluidity4、主要产品 Main productsp 合股无捻粗纱p 直接无捻粗纱p 短切原丝p 无捻粗纱布p 缝编短切毡p 短切原丝毡p 缝编复合毡p 细纱4.1 主要产品合股无捻粗纱合股无捻粗纱 Main produc

8、ts Assembled roving喷射喷射 Spray up Roving (SP)缠绕缠绕 Filament winding roving( FW)拉挤拉挤 Pultrusion (PL)SMC roving (Roving for SMC)HOBAS管道管道 Roving for HOBAS pipes (HS)膨体膨体 Textured roving (BY)透明板材透明板材 Panel roving (TS)热塑性增强热塑性增强 Roving for thermoplastics (RP) Roving for GMT (GMT)4.2 主要产品直接无捻粗纱直接无捻粗纱 Main

9、products- direct roving缠绕缠绕 Filament winding roving (FW)拉挤拉挤 Pultrusion roving (PL)织布织布 Roving for woven roving (WR)4.3 主要产品短切原丝 Main products Chopped strands团状模塑料团状模塑料 Bulk molding compound （BM） 热塑性增强热塑性增强 Thermoplastic reinforcement (TP)湿法短切湿法短切 Wet chop (WS)增强水泥增强水泥 Reinforced cement (RC )4.4 主要产

10、品布毡 Main products fabric & mat 无捻粗纱布无捻粗纱布 Woven rovingEWR 缝编短切毡缝编短切毡Stitched chopped strand matEMK 短切原丝毡短切原丝毡Chopped strand matEMC 缝编复合毡缝编复合毡Stitched combo matEMK（0，90）4.5 主要产品其它 Main products - Others细纱细纱Continuous filament yarn一般指单纤维直径一般指单纤维直径9微米以下的玻璃纤维纱，包微米以下的玻璃纤维纱，包括括G75纱、纱、D450纱、纱、E225纱等，织成

11、纱等，织成7628布、布、2116布、布、1080布等。布等。主要用于电子行业，增强覆铜板基板，部份为工主要用于电子行业，增强覆铜板基板，部份为工业用布。业用布。二、玻璃纤维行业的历史 II. History of fiberglass industryn国际发展 International developmentn国内发展 Domestic developmentn市场竞争 Market competitionn行业现状 Industry current status1、国际发展 International developmento2000多年前，古埃及手工拉制玻纤做装饰材料；oOver 2

12、000 years ago, Egyptians manually made fiberglass as ornament materialo20世纪30年代，美国发明了铂坩埚拉制工艺技术；oIn the 1930s, Americans invented the technology of producing fiberglass with platinum crucibleso1938年美国成立OWENS CORNING，具有工业性规模，用于绝缘材料；oIn 1938 Owens Corning Co was established in USA which had a industria

13、l scale of fiberglass production for insulation application.o二战后工业普及，成立了圣哥本（法）、皮尔金顿（英）、日东纺（日）等；oAfter World War II, the industrial production of fiberglass became popular and St. Gobain(France), Pilkington (Great Britain),Nittobo(Japan) started to produce fiberglass.o 19591960年， OWENS CORNING和PPG公司相

14、继建成了玻璃纤维池窑。o In 1959 and 1960, Owens Corning and PPG built fiberglass furnaces.2、国内发展Domestic developmento20世纪50年代后期，我国玻璃纤维工业诞生，采用陶土坩埚法和镍铬合金孔板法生产；oIn late 1950s, the fiberglass industry started in China and the fiberglass then was produced with clay crucibles and nickel-chrome alloy nozzle plateso20

15、世纪60年代中期，研制成功代铂坩埚法生产工艺；oIn the middle of 1960s, the platinum-substitute crucible process was inventedo20世纪90年代初，池窑法开始在中国普及。oIn the 1990s, the fiberglass furnaces became popular in China 3、市场竞争 Market competitorso国际竞争对手欧文斯.康宁（美）、PPG（美）、圣哥本（法）oInternational competitors Owens Corning, PPG , St. Gobaino

16、国内竞争对手巨石、泰山、重庆 oDomestic competitors: Jushi,Taishan fiberglass, CPIC4、行业现状 Industry current statuso奠基于上世纪30年代末，已成独立工业体系。 The industry established itself in 1930s and has formed into an independent industry system.o目前有数千个品种与规格、5万多种用途，成为现代工业材料家族中重要的一员。oAt present there are thousands of product types a

17、nd specifications and over 50,000 applications and fiberglass has become an important member in the modern industrial material family.三、玻璃纤维有什么用处？III. What is fiberglass for?n交通运输 Transportationn建筑建材 Constructionn电气工业 Electricaln机械工业 Engineeringn石油化工 Petroleum & chemicaln休闲文化 Leisure and sportsn国防科技 Defence四、玻璃纤维怎么做出来的 ? IV. How is