英语高考宾语从句考点解析

1、宾语从句（讲解部分由李璇、李婷婷整理；综合题部分由周丽丽整理）宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语。考点一、 宾语从句的种类宾语从句的引导词有： that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know(that)

2、 she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.注意：引导词 that 用于下列情况是不能省略；(1)当宾语从句的主语是 that 时。如 : He says that that is a useful book.(2)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如 : I m afraid that if youve lost(3)it, you must pay for it.that当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的可省略外，其余从句中的 that 都不能省略。如 : Hesaid (that) the filmwas

3、veryinteresting and that he enjoyed seeing it vey much.2. 由以下引导词引导的宾语从句： who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how 。这些引导词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don t knowwhy the train

4、 is late.Could you tell me what to do then?I want to know which one you prefer.I m wondering how I can get to the nearest park.He asked me when to finish the job.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help hi

5、m.注：只能用 whether 不能用 if的情况：(1) if不能和 not 连用。如： I don t know whether or not he will come.(2)在介词后引导宾语从句时要用whether ，不用 if 。如： Everythingdependson whether we have enough money.(3) 和不定式连用引导宾语从句时要用 whether 不用 if 。如： I wonder whether to go.(4) discuss ， decide 后只能用 whether 不用 if 。如： Wediscussed whether wesh

6、ould close the shop.考点二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear(that) physics isnt easy .I think (that) you will like this school soon.I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.He asked me where he could get such medicine.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell mewhen well

7、have the meeting.考点三、宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是现在时或将来时， 宾语从句的时态由从句的时间状语决定。例如：Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?I think I will do better in English this term.I minterested in what he has said.I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me he will leave for

8、 New York tomorrow.I lltell you what I am doing.I am going to ask who can help me.He ll remember what he has been taught.2. 如果主句的时态是过去时，宾语从句时态也要用相对应的过去的时态：1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。例如：I thought he was old.He asked what time it was.He wanted to know who she was waiting for.He told me that he

9、was preparing for the sports meet. 2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。例如：He said that he had finished reading the book. He asked if you had written to Peter.3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。例如：She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. I wasnt sure if it would rain.He said that he would go

10、back to the U.S. soon.3. 从句表示普遍真理、客观事实时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.考点四、宾语从句的否定转移当 主句 的主 语 是第 一人 称We/I,且 谓语 动词 为think/suppose/expect/believe

11、/ imagine等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如：I don t think you are right.I don t believe she will take part in the English evening.He doesnt suppose it will come true one day.The mother doesn t expect that his son would be successful.He can t imagine what had happened.考点五、宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主

12、句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 hope/wish/decide 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：I hope that I can receive your e-mail.= I hope to receive your e-mail.I wish that I could be a teacher one day.= I wish to be a teacher one day. I decide that I will try my best to help him.=I decide to try my best to help him.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的

13、谓语动词是 know/remember/forget/learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词 +不定式”结构。例如：She doesnt know what she should do next.= She doesn t know what to do next.动词 seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语， seem作谓语。例如：It seems that football is very interesting.= Football seems to be very interesting.宾语从句可简化为名词或名词短语。例如：I don

14、t believe what Tom said.= I don t believe Toms words.例题：1. He said_ he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武汉市 )A. ifB. whatC. thatD. whether2. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? Sorry ，I ve no idea.(2003年山西省 )A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which3.These pictures will show you_.(2003年盐城市 )A. what

15、 does our hometown look likeB. what our hometown looks likeC. how does our hometown look likeD. how our hometown looks like4.He asked his teacher_.(2003年南通市 )A. if there was a monster in Loch NessB. when was Albert Einstein bornC. how would the scientists find out the resultD. where could he find th

16、e library5.Jim doesn t understand_.(2003年辽宁省 )A. which isthe way to the museumB.why hiswife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping6. When are the Shutes leaving for New York? Pardon? I asked_.(2003 年呼和浩特市 )A. when are the Shutes leaving for New YorkB.

17、when the Shutes are leaving for New YorkC. when were the Shutes leaving for New YorkD. when the Shutes were leaving for New York7. The teacher told us yesterday thatDecember 25_ ChristmasDay.(2002 年辽宁省 )A.isB. wasC. has beenD. will be8. Could you tell us how long_? About three days.(2003年陕西省 )A. doe

18、s the sports meeting lastB. the sports meeting lastC. will the sports meeting lastD. the sports meeting will last9. Do you know if _ back next week? If he_ back，please letme know.(2002 年黑龙江省 )A. he comes ，will comeB. will he come，comesC. he will come， comesD. will he come，will come10. The old lady f

19、ound out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改为同义句 )(2003 年广州市 )The old lady found out _ _ _fruit cheaply.11.Miss Green didn t tell us _ in 2002. (北京市中考试题A. where does she liveB. Where she livesC. where did she liveD. where she lived12.I don t know when _. (哈尔滨市中考试题 )A. will the train leaveB. the tra

20、in will leaveC. would the train leaveD. the train leave)13.-We dont know _.(常州市中考试题 )-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he isB. if he lives hereC. where he comes fromD. which country is he from14. My friend asked me, “ Do you help your parents with the housework on weekdays?” ( 改写句子，句意不变

21、 ) （09 济南）My friend asked me _ I _ my parents with the housework on weekdays.15. “Put your school bag on the desk.” Mother said to Jack.(改为间接引语 )(09 乌兰察布 )Mother told Jack _ _ his school bag on the desk.16. Alice didn t know how she could draw horses well. (改为同义句 )(06重庆 )Alice didnt know how _ _ hor

22、ses well.17. I wondered what I should do next. (改为同义句 )(06 重庆 )I wondered what _ _ next.Keys:1-5 C B B A B 6-10 D A D C; where to buy 11-15 D B C; if, help; to, put 16-17 to, draw; to, do;宾语从句【中考范例】1. (2004 年北京市中考试题 )Miss Green didn t tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she liveB. Where she livesC. wher

23、e did she liveD. where she lived2. (2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题 ) Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the filmD. why he didn t watch the game3. (2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题 )I don t know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train

24、 leave D. the train leave4. (2004 年常州市中考试题 )-We don t know _.-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he isB. if he lives hereC. where he comes fromD. which country is he from答案： DDBC【满分演练】一 . 单项填空1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom doB. what did Tom doC. what To

25、m will doD. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his nameB. what s his nameC. that his name isD. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which4. Jim doesn t understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the

26、 way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?6. Mr. King didn t know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how

27、 does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mendedD. how did he mend8. -I m waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4: 00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _?-Certainly. Go straight along here. It s next to a hospital.A. how we can get to t

28、he post officeB. how can we get to the post officeC. how get to the post officeD. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you?-Yes. I d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there?A. how soon will itB. how soon it willC. how long it willD. how long will it11. He wante

29、d to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meetingB. when the meeting would startC. what he s going to do at the meetingD. where would the meeting be held12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden?-The day after tomorrow, I think.A. when will you visitB. when you will visitC. when would you visitD. wh

30、en you would visit13.Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang?A. what should we doB. we should do whatC. what we should doD. should we do what14.You can t imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were h

31、ow excited15.I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.A. that B. when C. where D. whether16.-Could you tell me _?-Sorry, I don t know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meetingB. what did he say at the meetingC. what he says at the meetingD. what he said at the meeting17.-Could you tell me _ last night?-Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.A. what you were doingB. what were you doingC. what you are doingD. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaursB. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the