2012年中考英语语法名词专题

1、名词【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2） 以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：or

2、angeoranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。 （6） 以f或

3、fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。 妻子骑牛拿起刀, wife-wives; calf-calves; knife-knives; 追得贼狼满街跑, thief-thieves; wolf-wolves 碰倒架子丧己命, shelf-shelves; self-selves; life-lives 手帕树叶半空飘. leaf-leaves half-halves （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen， womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mous

4、emice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的 单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。（8）有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（9）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（10）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一

5、般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（11）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（12）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“

6、量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea thr

7、ee bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其

8、结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight,4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有

9、格，例如：a friend of my father's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。三、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、谓语和主语基本保

10、持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式The computer was a great invention.2集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形Class Three is a very good class. 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单

11、数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.6、a lot of 后跟名词复

12、数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出

13、名的食品)8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)9、用bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. 11eith

14、eror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对的 Neither you nor I am going there. 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离)13、主语中含有half of / (three quarters)of / all (of) the .等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,

15、Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.A third of the students were playing near the lake.All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况： Whats the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数) Three quarters of the population in this city are Ar

16、abs(阿拉伯人). (句子用复数)练习考点1、专有名词1. English is spoken as the first language in _. A. America B. American C. Japan2. _ live at 203 Knott Street. A. Whites B. The Whites C. The White3. Mr. Green is _. But he likes to drive a _ car. A. English, Chinese B. an English, China C. an England, Chinas4. - Which ro

17、om shall we live in tonight? In _. A. the Room 406        B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room5. _ India and China are of_ same continent. A. /, theB. The; the C. /; a6. _ moon is quite near us in _ space. A. The, the B. , the C. The, 考点2、可数名词的复数-Do I need to buy some eggs

18、for dinner, mum?-Oh, no. There are _ on the table. A. two box of eggs B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg1、 The bus stop is about two _ from his home. A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meter C. hundred meters2、 _ travelers come to visit our city every year.A. Hundred of   B. Hundreds of

19、    C. Five hundreds  3、 Our English teacher has _ son.A. a 8-year-old      B. an 8-years-old C. an 8-year-old4、 It took us _ to finish the work.A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hour C. one a half hours5、 There are many _ in our school.A. wom

20、an teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers6、 Jack went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.A. shoe stores B. shoes stores C. shoe store7、 There may be something wrong with her _,she can' t see things clearly.A. eyes         B. ears    

21、;       C. nose8、 How many _ are there in your family?A. peoples B. people C. the people9、 In the picture there is a _ and many _.A. dog, sheeps B. dog, sheep C. sheep, dog10、 Those _ stole a few _ yesterday.A. thiefs, fishs B. thieves, fish C. thieves, fishes11、 He is

22、always complaining. _ people can get on well with him.A. Few B. Little C. A few12、 The room is too small, there' s no enough _for another desk.A. rooms B. room C. place13、 How many _ are there in these _?A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos C. tomatoes, photoes14、 The little boy has two _A. to

23、oths B. teeth C. teeths 考点3、不可数名词1、 In order to keep fit, you should eat _fast food and _ fresh vegetables.A. fewer, fewer B. less, more C. more, less2、 He knows _ Chinese and has _ Chinese friends.A. much, many B. many, much C. much, much3、 My cousin is very busy with his work. He has _ time to rea

24、d newspapers.A. little B. few C. a little4、 Im thirsty. I think Ill buy some _.A. water B. bread C. eggs5、 -Would you like some _? -Oh, yes, just a little.A. pears B. oranges C. milk6、 Tables are made of _.A. wood B. woods C. a wood7、 Let the children go away. They're making so much _ here.A. no

25、ise            B. voice           C. sounds8、 What _!A. a nice weather    B. nice weather C. nice a weather9、 I want _ and two apples for lunch.A. two piece of bread B. two piece of breads C

26、. two pieces of bread10、 -How many _ would you like? -Two.A. cups of tea B. cups of teas C. cup of teas考点4、主谓一致1、 _ either of these two roads lead to the park?A. Do B. Does C. Is 2、 Not only you but also he _asked to be here tomorrow.A. has B. have C. is3、 The teacher with her students_ planting tre

27、es on the hill.A. have B. are C. is4、 All the money _ given to Young Zhang already.A. will be B. have been C. has been5、 -Whats in the fridge? -There _ some orange, milk and some apples.A. has B. is C. are6、 The singer and pianist _ doing morning exercises at 8 yesterday.A. were B. was C. are 7、 Nob

28、ody but two students _ left in the classroomA. have B. are C. has 8、 Many people say 10,000 _ a lot of money.A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is 9、 Tom，like Mary and Rose,_ interesting books.A. have B. like C. likes10、 Three days _ not enough for us.A. has B. is C. are11、 One of the windows_ b

29、roken yesterday.A. was B. were C. are12、 Half of the class_ boys.A. are B. have C. is13、 My family _ at work. A. are B. does C. is14、 The police _ set off for thief. A. were B. have C. has考点5、名词所有格1、 Tom won the boys _ race in our school sports meeting.A. 15000-metre B.15000-metres C.15000-metres 2、

30、 I like that son of _.A. Johns sister B. John sisters C. Johns sisters3、 Look at the shoes with adjustable heels. They are my _.A. sister B. sisters C. sisterss4、 You must finish the work in_.A. three weeks time B. three weeks time C. three weeks time5、 This is _ room. Come in, please.A. John and Jo

31、an of B. John and Joans C. Johns and Joans6、 That woman is_.A. a friend of my mother B. my mother friend C. a friend of my mothers7、 I hear we will have _ holiday at home.A. a two days               B. a two-day C. a two-days8、 _ Day i

32、s on September 10th.A. Teacher B. Teachers      C. Teachers9、 On _, all the pupils can play games all day.A. Childrens Day B. Childrens Day C. The Childrens Day考点6、名词的转化1、 He is one of my _ (friend).2、 The koalas dont eat animals. They eat _ (leaf).3、 Here are some _ (photo)

33、 of my family.4、 The idea _ (sound) good. I like it.5、 Its not far from here. Its about twenty _ (minute) walk.6、 The scientist is writing a book on _ (scientist).7、 They must look after themselves and keep _ (health).8、 We also have eleven _ (play) in a team in our game.9、 We are all _ (interest) i

34、n English more and more.10、 Please find out the _ (different) of the two pictures.11、 My school lies in the _ (south) part of the city.12、 Mrs. Black bought five _ (kilo) of _ (potato) yesterday.13、 The weather report says it will be _ (rain) tomorrow.14、 The young scientist has over twenty _ (inven

35、t)名词测试过关I. 选择题。（ ）1. Mr. Black is _. But he likes to drive a _ car.A. English; Chinese   B. an English; China C. an England; Chinas D. English; Japan（ ）2. Lily and Lucy are from _.A. English   B. Chinese  C. England D. French（ ）3.-Can you buy some eggs for dinner,

36、mum?-Oh, no. There are _ on the table.A. a box of egg  B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg D. a boxes of eggs（ ）4. The bus station is about five _ from his home.A. hundred meter   B. hundreds of meterC. hundred meters D. hundreds of meters（ ）5. Our math teacher has

37、 _ daughter.A. a 8-year-old     B. an 8-years-old C. an 8-year-old D. an 8-year-olds（ ）6. It will take us _ walk to get there.A. one hour and a half  B. one and a half hour C. one and half hours D. one and a half hours（ ）7. There are many _ in our school.A. wo

38、man teachers     B. man teachers  C. women teachers D. mens teachers（ ）8. There must be something wrong with her _because she cant see things clearly.A. eyes          B. ears       

39、;C. nose D. face（ ）9. How many _ are there in your family?A. peoples   B. people     C. man D. woman（ ）10. In the picture you can see a _ and many _.A. cat, sheeps            B. cat, sheep    C.

40、sheep, cat D. cats, sheeps（ ）11. Those _ stole a few _ yesterday.A. thiefs, fishes          B. thieves, fish   C. thiefs, fishes D. thief, fish（ ）12. She is always complaining because_ people can get on well with her.A. few   

41、0;   B. little      C. a few D. a little（ ）13. The room is too small, theres no enough _for another chair.A. rooms     B. room     C. place D. spaces（ ）14. How many _ are there in these _?A. tomatoes, phot

42、o   B. tomatoes, photos C. potato, photos D. potatoes, photo（ ）15. The little boy has two _.A. geese     B. tooth       C. dog D. cat（ ）16. In order to keep fit, you should eat _ fast food and _ fresh vegetables.A. fewer, fewer

43、60;  B. less, more C. more, less D. many; little（ ）17. Im thirsty. Id like to drink some _.A. water     B. bread      C. eggs D. meat（ ）18. Let the children go away. They're making so much _ here.A. noise   B. voice  

44、;   C. sounds D. volume（ ）19. What _ it is today!A. a nice weather     B. nice weather  C. nice a weather D. good a climate（ ）20. I want _ and two apples for lunch.A. a piece of bread  B. two piece of breads C. two piece of bread D. a pieces of

45、bread（ ）21.-How many_ would you like?   -Two.A. cups of coffee       B. cups of teas  C. cup of teas D. cup of coffee（ ）22. Jack won the boys _ race in our school sports meeting yesterday.A. 1500-metre        &

46、#160;  B.1500-metres   C.1500-metres D. 3000 meters （ ）23. I like that son of _.A. Jims sister   B. Jim sisters C. Jims sisters D. sisters Jim（ ）24. You must finish the work in_.A. two weeks time  B. two weeks time C. two weeks time D. one weekstime（ ）25.

47、 This is _ room. Come in, please.A. John and Joy  B. John and Joys C. Johns and Joys D. Johns and Joy（ ）26. That man is_.A. a friend of my father B. my father friendC. a friend of my fathers D. one of my father friend（ ）27. _ Day is on September 10th.A. Teacher      B. Teach

48、ers   C. Teachers D. Childrens （ ）28. Nancy was very happy because she _in the English test.A. made a little mistakes B. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakes D. made little mistakes （ ）29. She got much _ from the newspaper.A. ideas B. leaves C. information D. stories（ ）30. She gave

49、 us_ on how to keep fit.A. few advices B. some advice C. an advice D. some suggestion （ ）31 -Would you like to drink _ tea? -No, thanks. Id like _.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, a bottle of orangeC. many, bottles of orange D. few, a bottle of oranges（ ）32. Some _ came to our city for a visit yes

50、terday.A. Germans B. Germen C. Frenchman D. American（ ）33. That table is made of_.A. glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. some woods（ ）34. She has read_ of the good-looking writer.A. works B. work C. job D. career（ ）35. How many_ were there on the road when the accident happened?A. policeman B. polic

51、es C. police D. peoples（ ）36. I write most of my_ in French.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters（ ）37. Excuse me, where is the_?A. woman's room B. women' room C. men's rooms D. men rooms（ ）38 The basketballs under the bed are_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lil

52、y's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's（ ）39. In a few_ time, those old houses will be pulled down.A. year B. years' C. year's D. years（ ）40. This is a pencil of _.A. Tom B. Tom's C. her D. him（ ）41. After five years, all these youngsters became_.A. growns-ups     B. growns-up C. grown-up      D. grown-ups（ ）42. The police asked those _ about the accident.A. stander-by      B. standers-by C. stander-bys