CA6140车床主轴箱的设计【含8张CAD图纸】
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各类毕业设计课程定做 Q号是1714879127 该论文含配套的图纸(需购买)南京理工大学泰州科技学院毕业设计(论文)前期工作材料学生姓名:高燕婷学 号：05010102系部:机械工程系专 业:机械工程及自动化设计(论文)题目:CA6140车床主轴箱的设计指导教师:曹春平讲师 材 料 目 录序号名 称数量备 注1毕业设计(论文)选题、审题表12毕业设计(论文)任务书13毕业设计(论文)开题报告含文献综述14毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译含原文15毕业设计（论文）中期检查表12009年5月毕业设计课程定做 Q*Q=1714879127各类毕业设计课程定做 Q号是1714879127 该论文含配套的图纸(需购买) 南京理工大学泰州科技学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系部： 机械工程系 专 业： 机械工程及自动化 姓 名： 高燕婷 学 号： 05010102 外文出处： Computer Support Cooperative Work in Design, The Sixth International Conference on,2001 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 签名： 年 月 日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于Agent协同数控概念设计许志刚香港理工大学，设计学院，设计技术研究中心， 香港，九龙，江口sdzhgxu.hk黄斜睁，刘尉明计算机辅助设计中心机械工程学院， 山东大学山东省济南市，中国山口河k-z-huang, taolwmsdu,摘要创新是一个产品设计和发展的核心问题，比如如何用机床实施它们（创新）。本文提出了一种以“代理”（模块）为基础的数控配置模型概念。模型化是数控分层设计的基础。基于合作代理的设计，将它的每个模块作为一个自主的实体参与设计活动。产品设计过程被描述为代理的有组织的合作过程。合作多代理数控（CMNC）配置在提供大量设计方案和一个初步评价机构时，能大大曾加设计效果和创造力，这个雏形系统正在进一步发展，并且已经在创造力上显示出巨大的潜力。1 导言创造力在产品的设计和开发方面是最有竞争力的一个方面，这种情况同样适用于机床的设计与制造过程。迄今为止，在制造技术方面已经取得了巨大的进步，并且已经在世界范围内大量实施柔性制造系统了。无论如何，产品的快速制造和数字话等个性方面的发展趋势正在日益增加，这些都吸引了更多的关注1 ，数控系统的快速和创造性的设计有了更大的意义。在深入调查后，我们可以得到这样的结论，概念设计虽然只占总成本预算的10%，但是却对总成本产生的影响至70%（或更多）。模块化是一种数控系统概念设计与开发的有效方式，用简单的方法来表达系统的结构，在开发新的结构时有足够的灵活性。将专家系统引入机械设计系统，可以增加系统的设计效率。传统的专家系统，大多是连续单一用途的系统，它们必然导致低效率。代理和多媒体技术使一些设计师在做设计工作时使用计算机协同工作变成一种可能2。本文提出了一种面向代理的创新设计数控系统配置的新方法。本文余下的部分是按以下内容组织而成：第二节，简单介绍数控技术模块化；第三节，描述代理结构和功能；第四节，提出基于代理数控系统的设计模型；在第五第六部分举例说明可行性。2 数控化模块2.1.模块定义为表示数控概念结构以下介绍三种典型模块。它们是：平移模块，旋转模块和基础模块（图1a所示）。它们的定义如下：定义1：基础模块，支持转换和旋转模块中无法移动或旋转的模块，被命名为B，H_B向模块，V_B指垂直模块。定义2：平移模块，由基础模块或旋转模块支持，可以沿着x、y、z其中一个坐标方向上移动的模块，分别被记作：H_X,H_Y,H_V。定义3：旋转模块，在相应方向上的旋转，记作R_X,R_Y,R_Z,其中R_H,R_V分别指模块绕横向轴和垂直轴的转动。注：一个旋转模块不能与另一个旋转模块相连接。基础模块 平移模块 方向 旋转模块 五轴数控设计排列 A向旋转 B向旋转 “C”形环形列表 图1a 模块的定义和五轴数控概念结构2.2.模块约束根据以上定义，可以推导出下列模型约束为：根据机床的设计规格可以得到以下的设计约束：1） 如果工件质量较大，则工件不能垂直的移动；2） 如果工件精度较高，则工件必须被固定或只有一个方向的运动；3） 如果工件质量较大且精度较高，则工件夹具必须与与基底毗邻。2.3.显示模块数控概念结构模型可以将不同的模块按一个明确的方式排列来精确表达。图1.b是一个有x,y,z直线坐标运动方向和A、B两个方向上旋转运动的五轴数控结构模型。图1c是一个“C”形状模块，这是一个从刀具到工件元件的封闭环。3.代理的功能与结构每个代理包含五个模块（图2）。模块功能及性能如下：熟人模块分别代表其他代理和本地同水平代理。合作模块负责管理代理的社会活动，具体需要是由情况评定模块检测。控制模块是系统领域的接口程序。情况评估模块决定哪些活动应本地进行和哪些应该分配给其他代理，那些接收任务的代理应该给予尊重，如它的请求应该给予实现，它的行动应该认为是接收到新信息后采取的行动，等等。它还用来接受问题的指示，并接受其他模块反馈，其余部分则用作支持功能。该模块自身是一个数据储存器，存放由系统领域产生或通过接口接受到其他系统传来的数据。通信管理者发送或接受社团其它代理的信息。 图2 代理架构图定义4：代理具有六个部分：(援助，通讯，熟人，合作，评估， 控制):= :=: := () :=l lll: := : := () : := lll := llIllegil:=lllIl :=4.基于代理的设计过程的管理工程设计，它被看作是由一个由各种自主实体组成，通过合作完成特殊任务的分布式系统 3。系统中两种基本要素：实体和活动。该实体包括CAD系统（主要处理图形问题），用户和各种代理（信息处理）。活动是一个实体进行设计的活动。在设计过程也有两类信息：前台和后台 4，表一表征信息活动及相应参与者的清单。定义5：面向合作设计系统的代理由五部分组成（A、Tr、Er、Dr），其中A是代理集合，TR是设计事物，E是一系列的事件，OR是一个组织（包括CAD系统，及各类等）。事件是用户、CAD系统和代理所触发的系统的正式变换过程。其中代理参与了设计过程以及代理和外部世界的社团之间的通信。在此概念模式中，产品设计流程是一个由一组代理原动件构成的一个活动集和一些与用户交互的代理的活动的集合。5.设计过程举例定义6：事件可以由六部分来描述：（ETD、 ESTATE、 EPRE、 EAG、 EAC、 EPOST），其中EID是事件名称，ESTATE是当前的系统状态，EPRE是触发事件的前提条件。EAG是活动代理的集合，EAC是代理进行的活动，EPOST是事件导致的状态。图3给出了事件描述。 表1信息活动参与者设计要求用户输入，文件输入计算机辅助设计系统，用户设计意图推断，输入用户，代理，CAD系统设计方法研究，询问用户，代理，CAD系统设计标准输入，显示用户，代理，CAD系统标准件数据基本要求用户，代理，CAD系统设计历史记录，对比，修改代理，CAD系统工程分析记录计算，状态改变代理，CAD系统设计修改记录记录，对比，修改，决定代理，CAD系统设计过程控制开始，结束，中断用户，CAD系统消息接收，发送，接受，拒绝代理，用户，CAD系统参与者状态启动，制动同上状态Epre-条件 Epost 条件 EAC 参加者 CAD系统？用户？代理？图3.时间描述如果想要设计一个数控铣床，该铣床可以用来处理涡轮叶片。刀具能够同时在5个轴方向上运动，即x、y、z、A、B，即刀具有5个自由度。以上是设计的先决条件。如果零件比较轻，从设计约束第2.2章中来看，该零件的运动没有任何限制。即EPRO有两种观点：1.刀具有x、y、z、A、B五个自由度；2.该零件性质比较轻。定义7：事件序列的处理，如该处理能够满足模块的约束和设计约束，则此次处理是一个可接受方法。 T:EID: : : :agent state? 1: allowed; 0: forbidden: 1 :interactable; 0: uninteractable.数控铣床有一个“C”字状的结构，将工件作为起始点，刀具作为终点5，或者相反。因此，设计过程中带有工件，首先应处理持有工件的模块。事件1：EID1l EPRE：刀具有x,y,z,A,B五个方向的自由度且零件较轻l 代理状态：EAG:H_BH_VH_XH_YH_ZR_VR_XR_Y11111111l 用户：0等待l 计算机辅助设计系统：0等待在这时，所有模块都可以被触发，如果R_Y方向被触发了即可实现y轴上的移动。于是条件将会改变。l EPOST：刀具失去一个自由度。第二个事件：EID2 EPRE：x、z、A、B四个方向运动且零件较轻 由于模块约束，R_Y不能与H_B、H_V、R_V、R_Z相连接，EAG变成这样：H_BH_VH_XH_YH_ZR_VR_X0011100用户：0等待计算机辅助系统：0等待在这时，如果H_Z触发，则：EPOST：刀具失去一个自由度 六个事件结束后，刀具的自由度变为0，一次设计处理过程便结束了。这样的处理结果认为是可以接受的。各种可能的解决方法都要被记录下来作对比。在每次处理中，用户要和计算机辅助系统进行交流，和其他设计人员进行并存元集的对比和讨论。图1.b是一次被命名为五轴数控结构的处理，尽管这也许不是最佳的解决方案。6.举例图4给出了基于代理的的数状结构多方案的范例。在图4中，“Base-H”是输入端和开端。从这点课件，整个系统将在模块化约束的限制工作。在设计过程中，层次低的模块从它上层模块中分离出来，但它又是不同于上层模块的。更多的往往不是这样，其结果可能超过最保守的、传统监督下的工作值，甚至有些可能看起来是可笑的，但这意味着创造力。通过采用设计约束，解决方案有很大集中性。随着越来越多的约束被采用，其结果可能是越来越实际。例如，图4中加粗的曲线，按R-Y-T-Y-T-X-H-Base-T-ZR-X设计的,是图1c中一个可行的数控概念结构。图4 多解的数控结构设计7.结论和致谢本文所描述的基于代理的数控结构概念设计模型目前正快速发展。将来的工作将重点放在方案的认证机制上，现在它主要取决于设计师比较各种概念结构。只有在电脑告诉你哪个是可行的，哪个是最好的，这样才能真正产生创造力。这个项目得到了山东省委优秀青年科学家奖。8.参考文献1胡伟刚.机床模块化的实践与发展和智能支持系统M.武汉：华中工学院，1994年6月.2许志刚，黄正兴.机械多原动件系统合作问题的解决方案.北京：国际CSCW车间，1996年6月.邮编：251258.3曾广舟,孙波奇.系统仿真基础上的一种软件要求工程及其支持环境J.中国计算机杂志，1997.3.4铃木，为产品开发设计背景所做的信息建模J.CIRP年报,1996/1/45 5Yotaro Hatamura,智能机器中心的实际概念过程J.CIRP年报,1995/1/44. 附件2：外文原文（复印件）毕业设计课程定做 Q*Q=1714879127Agent-Based Cooperative NC Conceptual Design Zhi Gang Xu Design Technology & Research Center, School o f Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong sdzhgxupolyu. edu. hk Abstract Creativity is a core issue of product design and development, so as is the machine tool that is implemented to make them. This paper presents a NC conceptual configuration model based on agent. Modularization is the fundamental of NC conceptual layout design. It takes each module as an autonomous entity participating in design activities, and the product design process is described as the organized cooperative work of agents. The Cooperative Muti-agent NC ConBguration (CMNC) system will greatly increase the designing efficacy as well as creativity by offering a large number of design options and a rudimentary evaluation mechanism. The prototype system, which is under further development, has showed great potential of creativity. 1. Introduction Creativity is the most competitive issue in product design and development, so does the machine tool that is implemented to make them. To date, the significant progress has been made in manufacturing technology, and a large number of FMS have been implemented mound the world. How ever with the ever increasing trend of individulization of products, agile manufacturing, rapid product design and develoopment etc have attracted more and more attention. Quick and creative design of NC (Numeracal Controlling Lathe etc) system is becoming even more significant. Conceptual design which affect 70 % (or more) the whole cost, but only accounts for 10 % of the budget, is under the way of in depth investigation. Modularization is an effective way of NC system conceptual design and development, which is a simple way to express the structure of the system, also has enough flexibility in developing new structures. To incease the design efficacy, expert system is introduced to the mechanical design systems. While traditional expert systems, which a r e mostly sequential single-purpose systems definately lead to low efficiency. Agent and Ke Zheng Huang, Wei Min Liu CAD Center College o f Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China k-z-huang, taolwmsdu, multi-media techniques make it possible to cooperate several designers to do the same designing task on the basis of Computer Supported Cooperated Work (CSCW)21. This article proposed a new approach of agent oriented Creative NC Configuration Design system. The rest of this paper is organized as the followings: section 2 is a brief introuction of NC system modularization, section 3 describes the architecture and the function of agent. Section 4 proposes the agent oriented NC system design model. In section 5, 6 one design example is exploited to demonstrate the design process. 2. NC Modularization 2.1. Module Definitions Three typical modules are introduced to express the NC conceptual layout. They are: translation module, rotation module and base module (as Fig.1 (a). Their definitions are as follows: Definition 1: Base module, support the translation or rotation modules which can not move or rotate, denoted by B, where H-B denotes the horizontal module, V-B denotes vertical module. Definition 2: Translation module, supported by base module or rotation module which can move along one corrodinate direction x,y,z, denoted by H-X, H-Y and H-V accordingly. Definition 3 : Rotation module, supported by base module or translation module which can rotate around one corrodinate axis: x,y,z, denoted by R-X, R-Y, R-Z accordingly, while R-H, R-V means module rotating on the horizontal or the vertical base module. Deduction: One rotation module can not be connected with another rotation module. 354 3. Function and Structure of the Agent An agent contains five modules (Fig.2). The function and performance of the modules are as follows: Acquaintance module is the representation of other agents and of the local domain level system respectively. Cooperate module is responsible for managing the agents social activities, the need being detected by the situation assessment module. Control module is the interface to the domain level system. Situation assessment module decides which activities should be performed locally and which should be delegated to other agent, which requests for cooperation should be honored, how requests should be realized, what action should be taken as a result of freshly arriving information, etc. It issues instructions to, and receives feedback from the other modules. The remaining components provide support function. The self- module is a repository for all the data which the underlying domain level system has generated or which has been received as a result of interaction with others. The communication manager sends and receives messages to/from other agents in the community. Z Z H-Y ) 5-axis NC layout anangrmcnt 0 C shapcdring list Fig.1 Module definition and 5-Axis NC conceptual layout. 2.2. Module Constraints From the above definitions., the following Module Constraints can be deduced: R i m j = 0; BinBj=l; & n H j =l; 0 I 8. n Bj = 1; illigle :1 :ligile following design constraints can be got: According to the design specifications of lathe, the 1) if the workpiece is heavy, then the workpiece can not move vertically; 2) ifthe workpiece is in high precision, then the workpiece is fixed or has only one translation movement; 3) ifthe workpiece is heavy and in high precision, then the workpiece jig must be adjacent with the base; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Module Display The NC conceptual layout model can be expressed precisely by arranging different modules in an explicit way. Fig 1.b is an example of five-axis NC layout model with x,y,z translation movement and A, B rotation. Fig1 .c is the C shape ring list mod.el. It is a close ring from cutter to workpiece. CONTROL MODULE Fig.2 Agent Architecture. Definition 4 : Agent is described as a sextuple : (Aid, Communication, Acquaintance, Cooperate, Assessment, Control). := := : := () :=l lll : := : := () : := lll := llIllegil :=lllIl := 355 4. Management of the Design Process Based on Agent The engineering design is viewed as a distributed system consisting of various autonomous entities completing the special task through cooperation 31. There are two kinds of basic elements in the system: entities and activities. The entity includes the CAD systems (dealing mainly with the graphic issues), users and various agents (information handling). Activity is the process of the entity performing the design process. In the designing process there are also two categories of information: Foreground and Background 4, Table 1 is the list of information and the corresponding activities and participants. Definition 5: The agent oriented cooperative design system DS is a quintuple A,Tr,Ev,OR, among which, A is the set of agents, Tr is the design Transaction, E is the set of events, OR is the organization (including CAD system, various users etc ) . Event is the state change of the system triggered by users, CAD system and agents taking part in the design process, cooperation between agents and the communication with the outside world. In this conceptual model, the product design processes is an activity set of a group of agents and activities undertaking by the cooperative work of agents with the interference of users. 5. Illustration of the Designing Process Definition 6. Event is a sextuple (EID, ESTATE, EPRE, EAG, EAC, EPOST), where EID is the name of events, ESTATE is the present system state, EPRE is the precondition triggering the event. EAG is the set of activated agent, EAC is the action taking by the agent, EPOST is the state caused by this event. Fig.3 give the event description. Eprb- conditio Estate participant Fig.3 Event Description. If the design of a complex NC miller is wanted, which can process turbine blade, the cutter should move simultaneiously in five axis, say x, y, z, A, B, i.e the cutter has 5 DOF (Degree Of Freedom). This is the design precondition. If the part is light, from the designing constraints in chapter 2.2 , the movement of the part has no limitations. Then the EPRO has two hues : 1. x,y,z,A,B five DOF of cutter, 2. the part property is light. Definition 7 : Transaction is a sequence of events, one transaction is an acceptable solution which can satisfy the module constrains and the designing: constraints. T:. . . . . . EID: : : : :agent state? 1: allowed; 0: forbidden : 1 : interactable; 0: uninteractable. NC milling machine has a C list structure which take the workpiece as the starting point and the cutter as the ending point 51 or vice versa. So the design activity process with workpiece, it first deal with the module which hold the workpiece. Table 1. 356 For event1 : EIDl : 0 0 the agent state EAG: EPRE: x,y,z,A,B five cutter DOF & (is light Part-ProPerty) 0 user: 0 waiting. 0 CAD system: 0 waiting. At this point all the modules can be triggered, if R-Y is triggered which can realize the: “y” translation. Then the condition will be changed. 0 So for the event2: EID2 0 0 EPOST: cutter lost one DOF (Degree of Freedom) EPRE: x,z,A,B four movement &( is light part agent state EAG: from the module constrains , R-Y can not connect with H-ES,H-V,R-V,R-Z, so the property) 0 user: 0 waiting 0 0 CAD system state: 0 waiting At this time, if the H-Z is. triggered, then: EPOST: cutter lost one DOF (Degree of Freedom) After six events , the DOF of cutter reached 0, one design transaction has been finished. The result of one transaction is viewed as one acceptable solution. Various possible solutions will be recorded and compared. Among each transaction, user will interact with CAD system, compare and talk about the existing solutions with other designers. Fig.1 (b) is one transaction, which denotes the 5 axis NC layout, though it. may not be the optimal solution. . . . . . . . . . 6. Example Fig.4 gives the tree structure multi-solution paradigm based on agent. In Fig.4, “Base-” isthe input or beginning. From this point, th.e whole system will work under the monitor of modular constraints. In the design process, lower modules derived upper modules, and it is divergent. More often than not, the result may go beyond the least conserved traditional conventions, some may seem to be ridiculous, but that. may means creativity. By introducing design constr
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