带式输送机自动张紧装置设计（答辩ppt含6张CAD图纸）
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R. Chen (Ed.): ICICIS 2011, Part I, CCIS 134, pp. 167172, 2011. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 Review of Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Large Scale Belt Conveyor System Qing He and Hong Li National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China hqng163.conm Abstract. Belt conveyor is one of the most important devices to transport bulk-solid material for long distance. Dynamic analysis is the key to decide whether the design is rational in technique, safe and reliable in running, feasible in economy. It is very important to study dynamic properties, improve efficiency and productivity, guarantee conveyor safe, reliable and stable running. The dy-namic researches and applications of large scale belt conveyor are discussed. The main research topics, the state-of-the-art of dynamic researches on belt conveyor are analyzed. The main future works focus on dynamic analysis, modeling and simulation of main components and whole system, nonlinear modeling, simulation and vibration analysis of large scale conveyor system. Keywords: Modeling and Simulation; Dynamic, Vibration; Belt Conveyor. 1 Introduction Belt conveyor is widely used in all kinds of industry fields, such as electric power, coal, mine, metallurgy, chemical, port, architecture and food supplies. It is one of the most important devices to transport bulk material of long distance. Nowadays, the transporting system is becoming larger and more using curve line. Long distance, high speed, large-capacity, high power and multi-drive is the main trend 1, 2. It is very significant to study on conveyor system, which is helpful to improve the effi-ciency and productivity of conveyor, guarantee safe, reliable and stable running. Many research institutions, engineers and technicians did a lot of deep researches on design theory, calculation methods, system control methods, design standards and design analysis system. The traditional design of belt conveyor was thought more about static properties than dynamic properties. Otherwise, if only thinking static properties when designing, choosing type and using, some serious problems will hap-pen, such as unstable starting-up or failure starting, sharp rising belt tension, belt skidding, running deviation, irrational system design, too high safe factor and so on. The recent researches on dynamic properties of conveyor are introduced. The main research of conveyor dynamics is analysis. The further research is prospected. 168 Q. He and H. Li 2 State-of-the-Art of Belt Conveyor 2.1 Dynamic Model of Large Scale Belt Conveyor Large scale belt conveyor is a mechanical system composed of several subsystems. The more complicated of mechanical system is and the more functions the system have, the better running properties and the higher reliable system will be. So, tradi-tional assembly design using static methods is not enough for the reliable system. Dynamic properties are the most important factors of a function completed and performance excellent system. Belt is one of the most important parts of conveyor system. The belt properties will greatly affect the functions of the system. So it is necessary to model and simulate belt and system, and analyze dynamic properties. Dynamic Model of Belt. Many researches on dynamic model of belt conveyor are done by research institutes and individuals. Obvious viscoelasticity properties of belt were found in researches. So, modeling of adhesive tape means viscoelasticity model-ing. There are several main viscoelasticity model including Maxwell model, Kevin model, three-element model which Kevin model and elastic element are in series 4 and five-element composite rheological model, and so on. Because of different properties and suitable conditions, the models are used by different researchers. For example, in the new conveyor design and analysis software, Helix Delta-T6, which developed by Helix Technologies Pty Ltd, Australia, a finite element model of the conveyor to perform the dynamic analysis is used. During modeling, the conveyor is broken up into segments, and for each segment, Kelvin solid model is used. The dy-namic calculation process uses sophisticated variable step Runge Kutta method inte-grators for solving the complex differential equations 5. Conveyor Dynamics, Inc. started to research belt conveyor system from 1967 and five-element composite rheological model is used in the simulation software BELTSTATV 6. The model is also applied by L.K. Nordell and J.K. David. Some Chinese researchers use Kelvin model for dynamic analysis 7. All the models have some advantages and disadvan-tages. Using composite element can calculate the final distortion at the condition of short time or infinite long loads. The more composite elements are the better accuracy of simulation will be. But, at the same time, increasing the number of composite ele-ments will make the mechanics equation of the model become more complicated, which will bring some trouble for actual calculation. So, it is the main concern of researchers to choose high efficient conveyor model. Dynamic Model of Conveyor System. Applying mathematic model derived by using centralized method and two functions related to time and the speed of drive roller to express the hydraulic coupling system driving force of motor, Kim 8,9 built the system analysis model and the motion equation of main parts including belt, drive, head roller, tail roller and take-up device and so on. Using multi-body dynamics analysis method, Han 8, 10 built dynamic analysis model of whole conveyor system. W.G. Song 11 built the mechanics and mathematics models of belt unit, drive unit and take-up unit. Combining the above unit models, the dynamic equation of whole conveyor system was built. In order to recognize the transport routes of belt conveyor Review of Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Large Scale Belt Conveyor System 169 with turning curve automatically, D.Z. Tang 12 set up the routes morphological function, modeled the system based on it, and developed auto-modeling software. 2.2 Nonlinear of Belt and Whole System There are some properties of belt conveyor, such as nonlinear and with time-variant parameters. It is very important to set up exact nonlinear mathematics model to simu-late and forecast the dynamic properties according to the above properties. W.R.B. Morrison 13 applied nonlinear model of belt material in 1988. G. Suweken 14 studied the weakly nonlinear of belt. Under the condition of running tensions defined, numerical integration method using non-linear stiffness gradients is used to generate transient forces during starting and stopping by A. Harrison 15. Analyzing the actual running, J.G. Shi 16 built a nonlinear, time-variant, dynamic coupled finite element model of belt conveyor, studied the motivitiy transfer principle of bulk-solid material, constructed a shape function of belt conveyor route, and real-ized the computer automatic modeling. According to analyze the belt sag and the change of tension, G.B. Li pointed out the coefficients of stiffness metric and damp-ing metric in motion differential equation are time-variable and nonlinear. With a discrete element model, he set up a nonlinear motion equation of belt conveyor based on belt sag and discussed the affect to motion differential equation caused by nonlin-ear 17. He also built the mathematic model of a drive system with three motors and hydraulic couplings, discussed increment equation successive linearized and New-mark step by step integration method 18. 2.3 Effect of Vibration on Dynamic Performance Vibration is one of the important content of dynamic research of belt conveyor. The researches related on vibration are concentrated on analysis of factors affected vibra-tion, longitudinal vibration, transverse vibration, lateral vibration, solving main vibration mode, vibration analysis, studying the methods reducing and eliminating vibration of key parts. G. Suweken 19 discussed an initial-boundary value problem for a linear wave (string) equation, which was used to build a simple model to describe the vertical vibrations of a conveyor belt. G. Suweken and W.T. Horssen 14 studied the trans-versal vibration and weakly nonlinear, set up a single equation of motion according a coupled system of partial differential equations describing the longitudinal and trans-versal vibrations of the belt, and put forward the approximate solution method and two time-scales perturbation method. I.V. Andrianova 20 analyzed transversal vibration of conveyor belts and described the vibration with finite or infinite mode-representations. Y.F. Hou and X.J. Liu and et al 21-22 analyzed the running vibration of high speed and long distance belt conveyor, pointed out the two factors affected vibration, one is the dynamic properties of belt, the other is the external factors which produce stimulation. They built discrete viscoelasticity model, simulated the dynamic per-formance of belt, measured dynamic parameters, and analyzed the influencing mode of boundary conditions with different tension and excitation frequency. Y.J. Li 23 studied viscoelasticity vibration equation and the calculation methods of displacement 170 Q. He and H. Li solution and dynamic tension, provide a design method limiting and eliminating vis-coelasticity vibration of belt conveyor. According to dynamic equation, G.B. Li 24, 25 analyzed natural characteristics of belt conveyor in theory, derived its intrin-sic frequency equation, and built the main vibration model on the four-order intrinsic frequency and two-order intrinsic frequency of a conveyor with and without load. X.H. Lu 26 pointed out that there were three kinds of vibration of belt, which are longitudinal, transverse and lateral vibration, built the mathematics model and longi-tude vibration equation. Through experiments designed to establish the dynamic properties of belt material, Y.F. Hou studied some properties which have not been tested previously under conditions appropriate for the ISO/DP9856 standard. These properties included the natural vibration frequency of longitudinal vibration and transverse vibration, and the response to an impulse excitation. It was observed that the stress wave propagation speed increased with tension load and that tension load was the main factor influencing longitudinal vibration 27. T.L. Qin analyzed the main factors of automatic take-up device, including the structure and the elastic wave produced in starting, stopping and loading. According to these, he built the model of automatic take-up and simulated it. He pointed out the main measures of reducing vibration of automatic take-up. The measures include reducing tension, limiting iner-tia force, increasing braking torque and add automatic tension buffer 28. 2.4 Dynamic Analysis and Simulation of Operating Conditions L.K. Nordell 7 discussed the main problem of building stress and strain visco-elasticity model, put forward the method analyzing dynamic instant force during start-ing and stopping, forecasted the instant properties with simulation tools. W.G. Song 23, 29-31 studied the dynamic tension curve of belt when starting with constant, trapezoid, sinusoid, triangle, parabola and rectangle acceleration, ana-lyzed better starting mode and starting time, provided design basis of parts. According to examples, J.G. Shi 16,17,32 analyzed the dynamic properties during starting, freely stopping, abnormal loads, belt broken, emergent stopping and lose power in starting, simulated dynamic curves, developed dynamic analysis algorithm that con-trol starting and stopping process and optimal methods. Regarding conveyor as an elastic continuum, J. Wang 33 built mechanical model of belt with inertia, elastic, damping distribution, simulated dynamic properties of changing load starting. 3 Future Works Conveyor is composed by parts and assemblies, such as belt, idler, driver, brake, transmission, take-up, and so on. It is a complex mechanical system. Because of geog-raphy, there are lines and curves in whole route. Dynamic analysis include modeling for parts, assemblies and whole system, designing dynamic, solving dynamic equation and calculating dynamic loads. It is the basis for whole system to analyze all key parts and build exact mechanical models for them. The requirement of long distance and high speed, the dynamic property become more remarkable 2, are extraordinary complicated, and have nonlinear. Strain is related to not only stress and load history, but also time, frequency, temperature, Review of Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Large Scale Belt Conveyor System 171 material, and so on. The nonlinear relationship between strain and stress, lag property, creep property, relaxation property, dynamic elastic modulus and other factors should be considered. So, it is the core to study nonlinear dynamic theory of belt and whole system, build nonlinear dynamic model, analyze and simulate dynamic properties and nonlinear dynamic response using viscoelasticity theory, system dynamics, vibration mechanics and finite discrete element method, which is important for optimal design of long conveyor. There are many kinds of vibration, such as longitudinal, transverse and lateral vi-brations of belt, vibration of idler and frame 2,4, which impact dynamic properties of long distance and high speed conveyor seriously. So it is very necessary to study the mutual effects and coupling relationship of all kinds of vibration, build multi-freedom spatial mechanics model of belt, put all the parts in a system to model and simulate, which is useful to optimize dynamic properties of system. 4 Summary The main research, situation and shortage of dynamics of large scale belt conveyor are analyzed specially. The future works focus on dynamic analysis, modeling and simulation of main components and whole system, nonlinear modeling, simulation and vibration analysis of large scale conveyor system. Acknowledgments. This work is supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT0720). References 1. Pu, X.L., Wang, G.Q., Yue, Y.J.: Summarization on Foreign Dynamic Analysis Software for Belt Conveyor. Mining & Processing Equipment 11 (2007) 2. Dong, D.Q.: Research on Dynamics Behavior of Large Scale Belt Conveyor and its Appli-cation. North China Electric Power University (2008) 3. Chen, J., Dai, J.L.: The Current Developing Situation of Dynamic Analyzed Technology of Long Distance Belt Conveyor. Colliery Mechanical & Electrical Technology 1 (2003) 4. Li, G.B.: Dynamics and Design of Belt Conveyor. China Machine Press, Beijing (1998) 5. Information on, .au/ 6. Information on, /beltstat/ 7. Nordell, L.K., Ciozda, Z.P.: Transient Belt Stresses during Starting and Stopping: Elastic Response Simulated by Finite Element Methods. Bulk Solids Handling 4(1), 9398 (1984) 8. Wang, F.S., Hou, Y.F.: Research in Modeling Belt Conveyor Dynamics. China Mining Magazine 11 (2008) 9. Kim, W.J.: Transient Dynamic Analysis of Belt Conveyor System using the Lumped Parameter Method. Bulk Solids Handling 15(3), 573577 (1995) 10. Han, H.S., Park, T.W.: Analysis of a Long Belt Convey or System Using the Multibody Dynamics Program. Bulk Solids Handling 16(4), 543549 (1996) 11. Song, W.G., Liu, H.Y., Wang, Y.: Research on Dynamic and Computer Simulation of the Belt Conveyor. Chinese J. of Mechanical Engineering 9 (2003) 172 Q. He and H. Li 12. Tang, D.Z.: Automatic Modeling and Simulation of the Dynamic Design of Belt Conveyer. J. of Heilongjiang Institute of Science 5 (2004) 13. Morrison, W.R.B.: Computer Graphics Techniques for Visualizing Belt Stress Waves. Bulk Solids Handling 8(4), 221227 (1988) 14. Suweken, G., Horssen, W.T.: On the Weakly Nonlinear, Transversal Vibrations of a Con-veyor Belt with a Low and Time-varying Velocity. J. of Sound and Vibration 264(1), 117133 (2003) 15. Harrison, A.: Non-linear Belt Transient Analysis-A Hybrid Model for Numerical Belt Conveyor Simulation. Bulk Solids Handling 28(4), 242247 (2008) 16. Shi, J.G., Mao, J., Liu, K.M.: Research on Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Belt Conveyor. Coal Mine Machinery 5 (2009) 17. Li, G.B., Li, R.Q., Wei, J.Z.: Simulation of Belt Conveyor Dynamics Based on Geometry Nonlinearity. China Mechanical Engineering 1 (2007) 18. Li, G.B., Cao, L.Y., Li Ru, R.Q.: Modeling and Simulation of Nonlinear Dynamics for an Overland Belt Conveyor. Machine Design & Research 8 (2008) 19. Suweken, G., Horssen, W.T.: On the Transversal Vibrations of a Conveyor Belt Using a String-Like Equation. In: Proc. of ASME Design Eng. Tech. Conf., vol. 6B, pp. 11091116 (2001) 20. Andrianov, I.V., Horssen,
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