必修三课堂笔记(共11页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 1 Festivals around the world1、 or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. 取悦祖先，使他们得到满足，因为（祖先们）有可能回来帮助他，也有可能带来危害。do harm（n.）to sb=harm（vt.）sb=be harmful（adj.）to sb =do damage to sb对某人有伤害（危害）be good to sb=be good for sb对某人有好处 be bad for sb对某人有

2、坏处Smoking does（great）harm to ones health. =Smoking harms ones health. =Smoking is harmful to ones health. 抽烟对人体有害。2、The festivals of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. 万圣节前夕的盛会也是源自纪念亡者的祭事。in memory of sb=to the memory of sb为了纪念某人This library was built in memory of/to the mem

3、ory of the famous scientist. 这家图书馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建的。3、They dress up and try to frighten people. 他们乔装打扮去吓唬人。dress v.穿衣；给某人穿衣n.衣服 evening dress晚礼服 dress up； to wear ones best clothes穿上盛装Dress quickly, or youll be late. The boy is old enough to dress himself. The middle-aged woman is dressed in a long c

4、oat. They dressed up for their wedding. 4、In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gifts of mooncakes. 在中国和日本都有中秋节，这时，人们会赏月，并互赠月饼。admire sb or sth钦佩（赞赏）某人或某物 admire sb for sth羡慕某人的某物To be honest, we admire his handwriting very much. =To be honest, we ad

5、mire him for his handwriting very much. 说实话，我们非常羡慕他的书法。admirer n.赞赏者，敬慕者 admiration n.赞赏，羡慕相关链接：praise sb for sth为某事表扬某人punish sb for sth为某事惩罚某人 scold sb for sth为某事责备某人5、The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 最富有生气而

6、又最重要的节日就是告别冬天迎来春天的日子。4 look forward to sth or doing sth 盼望某事或盼望干某事 Many people look forward to visiting the Great Wall. 很多人盼望参观长城。这类短语还有：be used to习惯于 pay attention to注意 stick to坚持 lead to导致 refer to参阅 devote to贡献；奉献 adapt to适应6、The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as tho

7、ugh it might be covered with pink snow. 整个国度处处都是樱花盛开，看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。as though=as if似乎，好像The girl speaks English so well as if/as though she were born in England. It looks as if he were drunk.（虚拟语气，没醉） It looks as if he is drunk.（真实语气，醉了）语法：Modal verbs （）情态动词情态动词 否定式 缩略形式 情态动词 否定式 缩略形式can cannot/can

8、 not cant should should not shouldntcould could not couldnt will will not wont may may not maynt would would not wouldntmight might not mightnt need need not neednt must must not mustnt dare dare not darent shall shall not shant ought to ought not to oughtnt to 重点： 一、易混淆的情态动词1、can，could/be able to c

9、an，could表示“潜在的能力”、“许可”（不如may正式）、“可能性”等；用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to表示“已经实现的能力”，可用于多种时态。I have been able to swim since I was six years old.（could/have been able to）She isnt good at math, but she was able to pass the exam yesterday.（could/ was able to）2、must/have to must表示“一定”，“必须”，表示说话人的主观看法。而have to表示客观

10、需要，是“不得不”的意思。Its getting darker and darker, so you must hurry.（must/have to）Its getting darker and darker, so we have to hurry.（must/have to）3、will/shall 征求他人意见时，will用于第二人称，shall用于第一和第三人称。Everybody is here. Shall we start the meeting?（shall/will）There are too many people inside. Will/Would you pleas

11、e speak louder? （will/would/shall）4、would/used to do 都有“过去常常干”的意思，但used to do指“过去常干，现在不干了”，强调比较；而would不强调比较，带有感情色彩。Bob used to work here, but he has moved to another place.（would/used to）The old woman would sit by the window for hours, missing her children. （would/used to）5、dare/need 这两个动词既可以作情态动词，又

12、可以作实意动词。特点：need/dare后接动词原形时是情态动词；接动词不定式或名词时是实意动词。They dare not go there again, dare they?（do/dare） You need a new computer, dont you?（neednt/dont）The boy needs to see a doctor, doesnt he?（neednt/doesnt）二、问答中的情态动词 重点：否定回答中容易出错must neednt/dont have to重点词汇1、take place/take ones place/take the place of

13、This took place three days ago. Mr. Smith is ill and another teacher has to take his place. Great changes have taken place in our country since 1977. 2、starve/go hungry In the old days many people went hungry and starved to death. The homeless children were starving for love.（渴望得到）3、play a trick on

14、sb=play a joke on sb He enjoys playing tricks on strangers.（plays/playing）Its wrong of you to play a joke on such a little girl.（to play/play）4、custom/habit Youd better give up the bad habit of smoking. Its custom for Chinese people to take off their shoes when they get into a hall. 5、award/prize Th

15、e judges（评委）awarded her the first prize for her picture. In this competition he has won a（an）prize/award of 10,000 dollars. 6、cloth/clothing/clothes His coat is made of fine cloth, so it is expensive. Are you going to the clothing shop to buy trousers? Put on more clothes, or you ll catch a cold. 7、

16、permit/permission With my mothers permission, I bought a new computer. If my mother permits, Ill buy a new computer. 8、turn up/turn down turn up向上翻，出现；提高音量 turn down降低音量；拒绝We waited and waited, but he didnt turn up. Turn up the radio so that everyone can hear the news. I gave him some advice but he

17、turned it down.（拒绝）9、lovely/lively The classes he taught were lively and interesting. What a lovely day it is! Lets go outing.Unit 2 Healthy eating1、His restaurant ought to be full of people. 他的餐厅本来应该宾客盈门的。be full of=be filled with充满，装满 fill . with .用把装满（填满）The bus was too crowded because it was ful

18、l of passengers.（=was filled with）班车很拥挤，因为人太多。The room is filled with laughter.（=is full of）房间里充满了笑声。Will you please fill my glass with water, Tom? 汤姆，把我杯子里的水装满好吗？2、What could have happened? 发生了什么事？“Nothing could have been better,”he thought. 他想，“再没有什么比这更好吃的了。”Something terrible must have happened i

19、f Lichang was not coming to eat with him as he always did. 要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。情态动词+have done表示对过去已经发生的事进行推测。must have done sth一定已经干了某事，must只能用于肯定；cant have done sth 不可能已经干了某事，can用于否定和疑问；may/might have done可能（也许）干了某事，may/might用于肯定或否定。Mr. Zhang is busy in the next room. He C to America. A.mustn

20、t have gone B.cant go C.cant have gone D.may have gone Her uncle coughs day and night. He C a bad cold. A.can have caught B.must catch C.may have caught D.may catch Bob hasnt come back yet. B he have got into trouble? A.Must B.Can C.May D.Might 3、Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight? 肥腻的东西吃厌了吧

21、？想变瘦吗？be tired of sth or doing sth讨厌、厌倦干某事 be tired from sth or doing sth因干某事而劳累有时介词from也可换用with，但少用To tell you the truth, Im tired of listening this kind of music. 实话实说，我讨厌听这种音乐。Li Dong is sleepy in class. Maybe he is tired from playing football. 李东课堂上很疲倦，可能是踢足球踢累了。4、Wang Peng was amazed at this an

22、d especially at the prices. 王鹏对此感到吃惊，特别是对它的价格。be amazed/surprised/astonished at对感到吃惊。短语中的介词at表示原因5、He couldnt have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们！have sb/sth doing sth允许或容忍某人/某事（继续下去）have sb/sth done让别人干某事（自己不干） have sb do sth使某人干某事（=make sb do sth） Save water! Dont have

23、 it running all day long. 节约用水哟！不要让水一天到晚地流。 Youd better have your bicycle repaired as soon as possible. 你最好尽快请人把自行车修一下。The teacher made me copy my composition again. 老师要我把作文再抄写一遍。6、It was not giving its customers energy-giving food. 它提供给顾客吃的食物没有热量。Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a newly-opened smal

24、l restaurant at the end of the street. 王鹏跟着李昌来到街尾一家新开张的小餐馆。energy-giving food（复合词，食物与提供是主动关系，用-ing）a newly-opened small restaurant（复合词，餐馆和包办是被动关系，用-ed）a hand-made bag手工制作的包（被动关系） meat-eating animals食肉动物（主动关系）练习：勤劳的工人hard-working workers；爱好和平的人们peace-loving people；新生婴儿a new-born baby 、Perhaps he woul

25、d be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. 也许他仍然能够谋生，而不必关闭自己的餐馆。earn a/ones living=make a/ones living=get money by doing sth谋生As you know, taxi drivers make/earn their living by driving. 你是知道的，的士司机靠开车过活。练习：农民靠种地过活。Farmers make a living by farming. 8、He did not look

26、forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. 他可不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。in debt负债 in trouble在困难中 in danger在危险中 in need需要=in demand 这些短语中的介词in表示状态语法：表示推测的情态动词（）“情态动词”加上have done，推测事情已经完成；“情态动词”加上be doing，推测事情正在进行。表示推测的情态动词（）must have done sth一定已经干了某事may/might have done sth也许已经干了某事can

27、t have done sth不可能已经干了某事could have done sth有可能已经干了某事；本来有可能干但没干某事should/ought to have done sth本来应该干但没干某事neednt have done sth本来不必干但干了某事重点词汇1、balance n. v.平衡；权衡There is a nice balance between work and play in his life. 他把生活中的工作和娱乐控制得很平衡。She balance（herself）on one foot. 她用一只脚站立。常用词组：keep ones balance保持平

28、衡；lose ones balance失去平衡；keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡We should do what we can to keep the balance of nature. 我们应尽力保持生态平衡。2、energy精力；活力（能源，能量），force武力；暴力strength人力；体力，power权力；能力；电力Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。Electricity（power）is a kind of energy. 电力是一种能源。The th

29、ief took the money from the old man by force. 那盗贼用暴力抢走了老人的钱。He is badly ill and has no strength to get out of bed.他病得厉害，连下床的力气都没有。Man is only animal that has the power of speech.（=ability）人是唯一能说话的动物。Her father is a power in this town.她父亲是这个镇上有权势的人。I m sure China will be one of the powers in the worl

30、d.我确信中国将成为世界强国之一。3、get away（from）离开，逃离get away with拿潜逃；（做了坏事却逃避责罚；逍遥法外）I m afraid I cant get away from the meeting. 我恐怕难从会议中抽身。How did he get away with cheating?（不用被动语态）他欺骗人怎么未受惩罚呢？You will never get away with it. 你永远也逃不掉惩罚。4、get rid of摆脱；除去；排除=rid of get out of逃避；躲掉；改掉=get rid of You must get rid o

31、f your bad habit. =You must rid yourself of the bad habit. 你必须克服这些坏习惯。How can I get rid of the flies in the kitchen? 我怎样才能把厨房的苍蝇消灭掉？It was raining hard when I was getting out of the classroom. 我从教室出来的时候正下大雨。I can t get out of waking at six in the morning. =I cant get rid of waking at six in the morn

32、ing.我早晨六点钟醒的习惯改不了。5、look at看；眺望 stare at注视；盯着看 glare at怒视；炫耀He looked angrily at me.他愤怒地看着我。Its rude to stare at people. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。 They didnt fight, but stood there glaring at one another. 他们并没有动手，只是站在那里怒目相视。Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note1、A rich person gives you a large amount of money to use

33、as you like. What will you do with it? 一个有钱人给了你一大笔钱让你随意花，你会拿它做些什么？do with对待；处理；处置（与what连用）deal with对待；处理；与交易（与how连用） The new teacher didnt know what to do with the class. =The new teacher didnt know how to deal with the class. 那位新老师不知道如何对付他班上的学生。I dont know what（I should）to do with the waste paper.

34、=I dont know how（I should）to deal with the waste paper. 我不知道如何处理这些废纸。2、Have you ever made a bet with a friend? If so, what did you bet on? 你和朋友打过赌吗？如果打过，赌的是什么？ make a bet on=bet on bet-bet-bet or bet-betted-betted-betting They made a 5-dollar bet on who would win the game. =They bet 5 dollars on who

35、 would win the game. 他们押了5元赌金赌谁会在比赛中获胜。win/lose a bet赌赢（输）了相关链接make a choice=choose make a fool of sb=fool sb make a decision=decided make a reply to sb=reply to sb make an apology to sb for sth=apologise to sb for sth 3、Now ladies and gentleman, you re about to hear the most incredible tale. 女士们，先生

36、们，你们将要听到一个最令人难以置信的故事。 sb was/were（just）about to do . when .某人正要干这时=sb was/were on the point of doing . when . We were（just）about to start when it began to rain. =We were on the point of starting when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时下起雨来了。相关链接sb was/were doing . when .某人正在干这时sb had just done . when .某人刚刚干

37、了这时I had just lain down when the telephone rang. 我刚刚躺下，这时电话铃响了。4、He is lost in London. 他在伦敦迷路了。“迷路”的三种表达方法他们在森林里迷路了。They were lost in the forest. They lost themselves in the forest. They lost their way in the forest. 5、Permit me to lead the way, sir. 先生，请让我来带路吧。注意 permit sb to do sth=permit doing st

38、h allow sb to do sth=allow doing sth advise sb to do sth=advise doing sth forbid（禁止）sb to do sth=forbid doing sth We dont allow anybody to smoke in our room. =We dont allow smoking in our room. 我们不允许任何人在我们房间抽烟。 He advised us to do more reading in our spare time. =He advised doing more reading in our

39、 spare time. 他建议我们业余时间多读书。6、As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. 事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。as a matter of fact=in fact=in effect=in practice事实上by accident=by chance=accidentally偶然地In fact, I met him in the street by chance. =As a matter of fact, I came across him in the street. =In effect, I h

40、appened to meet him in the street. 我在街上碰巧遇见了他。7、Well, to be honest, I have none. 哦，老实说，我一分钱都没有了。to be honest=to tell you the truth老实说；说实话none一个（件）也没有（指人或物，可与of连用）no one一个也没有（只能指人，不能与of连用）To be honest, no one was on the playground. =To tell you the truth, there was none on the playground. 实话实说，操场上一个人

41、也没有。To honest, none of the desks is new.（此处不能用no one）说实话，没有一张桌子是新的。语法：宾语从句和表语从句（Noun clause as the object and predicative）宾语从句的特点是注意四个字：语序，时态；宾语从句常位于及物动词、介词或少数形容词之后。I dont know how old he is.（动词之后，语序变化）我不知道他多大了。I was interested in what he said.（介词之后，时态变化）我对他说的很感兴趣。Im sure（that）you will succeed. 我确信你

42、会成功。形容词后接宾语从句常见的有：m afraid .；Im glad .和Im sure . 等句型。表语从句位于系动词之后，常见的系动词有be，look，seem等，表语从句的语序也是陈述句语序。The question is where she works. 问题是她在哪工作。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨了。重点词汇1、account认为；说明account for导致；做出解释（account vi.） on account of=because of因为（account n.）I account him lucky. =I a

43、ccount him a lucky man. 我认为他很幸运。How can you account for this accident? 你如何说明这个事故？The train was late on account of snow. =The train was late because of snow. 火车因下雪延误了。2、be rude to sb对某人粗鲁Its rude of him to speak to his father that way. =Its bad manners for him to speak to his father that way. 他那样与他的父

44、亲讲话是不礼貌的。相关链接be cruel to sb对某人残忍；be friendly to sb对某人友好 be kind to sb对某人善良；be polite to sb对某人有礼貌be strict with sb对某人严格；be patient with sb对某人耐心be hard on sb对某人苛刻3、even if=even though即使；纵使两者的意思差不多，但even if引导的从句含有很强的假设性；而even though引导的 只是一个条件。Even if he is very poor, she loves him. =He may be very poor

45、, yet she loves him. 即使他很穷，她还是爱他。（再穷也爱他）Even though he is very poor, she loves him. =His very poor, yet she loves him. 尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。（穷已是事实）4、manner礼貌；风格；方式 They dealt with the problem in a very different manner. 他们处理问题的方式很不一样。Hold your knife and fork in this manner. 这样拿刀叉。（用这种方式拿）Everybody likes a b

46、oy with good manners. 大家都喜欢讲礼貌的男孩。相关链接by this/these means用这种（这些）方法；teaching/learning methods教（学）法5、serve v.当仆人；服务；服役；供职；招待；供应 service n.服务；服役 servant n.仆人He served the family as a cook for fifteen years. 他在那户人家当了15年之久的厨师。The waiter served us with wine. =The waiter served wine to us. 服务生为我们倒酒。The man

47、 once served in the army, but later he served a sentence for five years （in prison）. 这人当过兵，但后来又经服刑5年。This servant is well-known for good service. 这个仆人（公务员）以优质服务而闻名。Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1、It exploded loudly with fire and rock, they were in time to produce the water vapor, . 地球猛烈的

48、爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、in time=sooner or later迟早=not late or without delay（on time准时） Good luck to him, the doctor arrived there in time and the boy was saved. 幸运的是，医生及时赶到，男孩得救了。Youll understand it in time.（=sooner or later）你迟早会明白这件事的。*be to do常用来表示不可避免将要发生的事或必须要做的事。This discovery was to have a major e

49、ffect on the treatment of heart disease. 这个发现对心脏病的治疗产生了重大影响。Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 oclock at the latest.”克拉克先生对他的女儿说，“你必须在10点以前到家。”I was（about）to leave when my uncle came in.（此时be to do=be about to do）我正要出发，这时叔叔进来了。2、It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases,

50、which had become part of the earths atmosphere, into the oceans and seas. 它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。allow sb to do允许某人做某事allow doing准许做某事We dont allow anybody to smoke in our bedroom. =We dont allow smoking in our bedroom. 我们不允许（任何人）在我们寝室抽烟。Her parents wont allow her C out more than 11:00 in the eve

51、ning. A stay B will stay C to stay D staying permit sb to do=permit doing允许（某人）干 advise sb to do=advise doing建议（某人）干forbid sb to do=forbid doing禁止（某人）干3、They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。by doing sth=by means of doing sth用于说明做某事的手段、方法。We have no choice but to make a livin

52、g by working hard every day. =We have no choice but to make a living by means of working hard every day. 我们别无选择，只有靠每天拼命工作来谋生。I dont think she can help him by just giving him money. 我认为光靠给钱，她是帮不了他的。相关链接：by this means靠这种方法 by these means靠这些方法4、They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphe

53、re, which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space. 它们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent .（from）doing=stop .（from）doing=keep . from doing 这三个短语都有“阻止某人做某事”的意思，但要注意介词from的省略用法。keep . from doing不能省略介词from，因为keep sb doing sth的意思是“让某人连续（持续）做某事”。The heavy rain couldn t B C him going the

54、re.（多项选择） A keep B stop C prevent D protect Im sorry I have C you waiting for so long time.（单项选择） A stopped B prevented C kept D made 5、Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否解决。depend on取决

55、于；决定于Will you go swimming this afternoon? Well. It all A D.（哪两个答案不对？）A depends on B depends C depends on the weather D depends the weather 我们年龄够大了，要靠我们自己。We are old enough to depend on ourselves. 6、I cheered up immediately floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后）地球越来越小，而月球在逐渐变大。cheer up欢呼；喝彩；高兴 watch sb do sth观看某人做某事（强调全过程或经常性动作）watch sb doing sth观看某人正在做某事We cheered up