2022年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本《英语》试题及答案解析实用.docx

1、2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本试题英语第一卷（选择题，共125分）Phonetics(5points)Directions:Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords,therearefourunderlinedlettersorlettercombinationsmarkedA,B,CandD.Comparetheunderlinedpartsandidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.Markyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondinglett

2、erontheAnswerSheet.1. A.captainB.sustain2. A.pensionB.mission3. A.actressB.business4. A.combinationB.climbing5. A.blewB.crewC.containDretainC.tensionD.revisionC.excessD.endlessC.bambooD.ambitionC.sewD.JewI. VocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreach

3、sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B. CandD.ChooseoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.6.1askedtwopassers-byhowtogettothenewrailwaystation,butofthemknewit.A.noneC.neitherB.eitherDboth7.Thebosswantstotalktoyou.Heseemsunhappywithyourperformance.Oh,Ibein

4、trouble.Ihopehewon'tfireme.A.mustCshouldB.canDwould8.mydaughterreachestheageofeighteen,shecanapplyforadrivinglicense.A.UnlessC.sinceBBecauseD.Once9.I'llconsiderMs.Smithtonight,butIamnotsureifIhavethetime.A.toseeC.tohaveseenB.seeingD.see10.Thetraintoarriveat11:30,butitwasanhourlate.A.wassuppo

5、sedC.supposesB.issupposedD.supposed11.Bobdoesn'tlookhisage.Ithinkhe'ssomewhere12.1feelveryexcitedthethoughtofjoiningmyfamilyinaweek.A.infortyC.inhisfortyBinfortiesD.inhisfortiesA.onC.atB.forD.in13. ahotel,welookedfbrsomewheretohavedinner.AFindingB.HavingfoundC. WefindingD.WefoundDespitethesu

6、ddenbreakdownoftheGeneralManager,workisgoingoninthecompany.A. usualB.routineC.normalD.regularAtsuchatimeofcrisis,wemusttrytoalldifferencesandsticktogether.A. setapartB.setbackC.setasideD.setdownManygovernmentsarenowtakingtoreducesmokinginpublicplaces.A. stepsB.sidesC.effectD.changeTheemployeesmoreen

7、thusiasticabouttheirworksincetheirpayrose.A. areB.havebeenC.wereD.willbe18Childrendon'tunderstandinitiallywhattheyarereciting,butitw山haveanimpactontheirthinking.A. casuallyB.especiallyC.regularlyD.graduallyTheuniversityregulationsrequirethatthestudentsatleast90%ofthelectures.A. attendedB.toatten

8、dC.wouldattendD.attendInOctober2007,theChang'e-1satellitewassuccessfullyatXichang.A. launchedB.presentedC.regulatedD.engagedHI.Cloze（30points）Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandmarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondin

9、gletterontheAnswerSheet.Thedestructionofhabitats（栖息地）allovertheworldistheprimaryreasonspeciesarcbecomingextinct（灭绝）orendangered.Houses,highways,dams,industrialbuildings,andever-spreadingfarmsnowdominate21formerlyoccupiedbyforests,deserts,andwetlands.22_thebeginningofEuropeansettlementinAmerica,23,ov

10、er65,000,000acresofwetlandshavebeendrained.Onemillionacresalonevanished241985and1995.Habitatdestructioncanbe25oritcanbesubtle,occurringovera26periodoftimewithoutbeingnoticed.27suchassewagefromcitiesandchemicalrunofffromfarms,canchangethe28andquantityofwaterinstreamsandrivers.To29livinginadelicatelyb

11、alancedhabitat,thisdisturbancecanbeas_30_astheclear-cuttingofarainforest.31remaininghabitatsarecarvedintosmallerandsmallerpocketsorislands,remainingspeciesareforcedtoexistinthese32areas,whichcausesfurtherhabitat33Thesespeciesbecomelessadaptabletoenvironmental34infact,theybecome35endangered.Scientist

12、sbelievethatwhenahabitatiscutby90%,one-halfofitsplants,animalsandinsectswillbecomeextinct.21.A.landscapesB.citiesC.mapsD.pictures22.A.AtB.BeforeC.AfterD.Since23.A.fbrexampleB.inadditionC.atlastD.afterall24.A.bothB.inC.betweenD.before25.AsimpleB.beneficialC.interestingD.obvious26.AlongB.shortC.happyD

13、.sad27.A.ConstructionB.PollutionC.FarmingD.Living28.A.amountB.purityC.natureD.qual29.ApeopleB.speciesC.plantsD.insects30.A.effectiveB.smallC.fatalD.surprising31.A.HowB.WhetherC.BeforeD.As32.A.crowdedB.extensiveC.largeD.bare33.A.reformB.destructionC.supportD.discovery34.A.improvementsB.changesC.prote

14、ctionD.development35.A.evenB.farC.moreD.lessIVReadingComprehension(60points)Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.EachpassageisfollowedbyfourquestionsForeachquestiontherearcfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B.CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneWo

15、mannabbedforaDUIatsamecrashspotWedMay21.2:17AMETTRUCKEE.Caifu-Callitdrunkendrivingd句avuCkH乙幻觉)。Forthesecondtimeinfivemonths,a23-year-oldCaliforniawomanhasbeenarrestedaftershecrashedhercarwhiledrivingundertheinfluencefDUI)attheexactsamespotnorthofLakeTahoe.Andtotopitoff,TruckeePolicesaythatinbothcase

16、s,herbloodalcoholcontentwasmorethanthreetimesthelegallimit.ThepolicesayMelissaDennisonofTruckeecrashedataboutnoononSundayonglenshireDrivejustsouthoftheGlenshireBridge.Theysayshewasextremelydrunkandhadtroublestandingorwalking.Herbloodalcohollevelinitiallywasmeasuredat346.Thelegallimitis.08.SergeantJ.

17、LitchiesaidDennisonalsohadbeenchargedwithaDUIinJanuarywhenshecrashedatthesamespotandregisteredabloodalcohollevelof.380.Iffoundguiltyofthesecondoffense,shefacesupto10yearsinprisonandfinesinexcessof$2,000.AtelephonemessagetheAssociatedPressleftatalistingforDennisoninTruckeeonTuesdaywasnotimmediatelyre

18、turned.36. Whoistheauthorofthepassage?A. ApassengerB.ApolicemanC.AjudgeD.AjournalistWhycouldn'tthewomanstandandwalk?A. Shehadlosttoomuchblood.B. Shewasscared.C. Shedranktoomuch.D. Shehadasuddenstomachache.37. Whycouldthewomanbeimprisonedfor10years?A. ShewascaughtDUItwice.B. Shehadhercarcrashed.C

19、. Sherefusedtotakeabloodtest.D. Shedrovewithoutadrivinglicense.38. Whatdoestheword"nabbed"inthetitlemean?A. ArrestedB.AttackedCChargedDPunishedPassageTwoThereweremanydifferentculturesintheancientworld,butthetwothathadthemostinfluenceonEuropeanandAmericancivilizationsweretheGreekandtheRoman

20、.Oftenthesetwoculturesarclumpedtogetherinourminds,asiftheywerereallyexactlyalike.Butthatisnotthecase.InmanywaystheGreeksandtheRomanscouldnothavebeenmoredifferent.TheGreeksweretrulydemocratic,oftenwithoutasingleleaderbutinsteadgovernedbyagroupofmenchosenbythepeople.TheRomansweresemi-democratic.Theyha

21、dagoverningSenate,butthepoliticalpowerwasmostlyorcompletelyinthehandsofasingleemperor.Bothculturesweregreatbuilders.Buttheconstructioninterestsofthetwocultureswerealsodifferent.TheGreekstendedtobemoreartistic.Theirbuildingswerewellconstructedandtheyleywereespeciallyinterestedintemples,columns,anddec

22、orativeforms.TheRomans,ontheotherhandweremoreengineersthanartists.Theyconcentratedtheireffortsonurbanplanning,well-functioningwaterpipes,andthebestroads.Onlyincookingandeatinghabitsarcthetwoculturesreallysimilar.Bothpeoplesateverywellindeed:lotsoffish,freshvegetablesandfruits,healthymeals,holdingatt

23、hesametimelongdiscussionsandtastingexcellentwines.Infact,itwouldprobablybefairtosaythattheybothlovedlifeintheirwarm,sea-orientedclimates,andtheybothlivedafulllifeWhatisthefirstparagraphabout?A. TheGreekandtheRomanweresimilar.B. PeoplemisunderstoodEuropeancivilization.C. Greekcivilizationwasquitediff

24、erentfromRomancivilization.D. EuropeancivilizationinfluencedAmericancivilizationgreatly.39. WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A. TheRomanshadmorepoliticalawareness.B. TheRomanshadlesspoliticalfreedomanddemocracy.C. TheRomanshadmorefreedomtochoosetheirleader.D. TheRomanshadfewerpeopleelectedintothegovernment

25、.40. WhatweretheGreeksfamousfbr?A. Theoverallplanningofacityoratown.B. Theartisticdecorationofthebuildings.C. Thepracticalfunctionsofthebuildings.D. Thesystemofwatersupplyandtransportation.41. HowarethetwoculturesalikeA.Bothlovedthesea.BBothlivedlonglives.CBothlovedcooking.DBothenjoyedtalkingovermea

26、ls.PassageThreeAsrecentlyasthreedecadesago,manyAmericansbelievedthatusingcreditwasanunwiseanddangerouswaytopayforwhattheybought.Someeventhoughtthatowingmoneytoastoreorareditcompanywassomethingtobeashamedof.Goodcitizens,theybelieved,alwaysboughtwhattheywantedwithrealmoneyandtheypaidthefullpriceimmedi

27、ately.Today,however,allthathaschanged.Credit,assomeobservershavenoted,hasbecomeawayoflifeintheUnitedStates.MoreandmoreAmericansnowaredependingonthosesmallpiecesofplastic,creditcards,topayforlargepurchasessuchastelevisions,recordplayersorfurniture.Manypeopletodaywouldconsideritunusualnottouseacreditc

28、ardtopayfbracostlyrestaurantdinner,ahotelroomoranairlinetrip.AndtherearcsomesituationsinwhichAmericansmusthavecreditcards.Iftheywantthetemporaryuseofacar,fbrexample,theyfirstmustgivethecarrentalcompanythenumberoftheircreditcard.Thatnumberisconsideredaguaranteethattheywillreturnthecarandpayfbrusingit

29、.CreditcardsoffertwomajorservicestoAmericans.Firstofall,theyareeasierandsafertocarrythanlargeamountsofmoney.Second,theypermitpeopletoborrow,tohavetheimmediatepleasureofowningsomething,eveniftheydonothaveenoughmoneytopayfbritatthetime.Withcreditcardspeoplepayfbrgoodsorservicesattheendofeachmonthinste

30、adofwhentheybuythem.Andwhenthetimedoescometopay,mostcreditcardsofferpeopleachoice.Theycanpayallofwhattheyowefbrthemonthortheycanjustpayusuallybetween5and10percentofwhattheyowe.42. WhatdoAmericansfeelaboutusingcreditcardsnowadaysaccordingtothepassage?A. TheyconsideritvaluableB. TheyregarditasashameC.

31、 TheythinkitdangerousD. TheyfinditquiteconvenientWhydoesthecarrentalcompanyaskfbrthecreditcardnumber?A. Topreventtheoveruseofthecar.B. lbmakesurethatthecarwontbedamagedCTbmakesuretheuserreturnthecarandpayfbrusingitD.ToensurethatthecarissafelyandtimelyreturnedWhatadvantagecancreditcardholdershave?A.

32、Theycanchoosenottopayfortheirpurchases.B. Theycaneasilyborrowmoneyatalowerinterest.C. TheycanownsomethingbeforetheyactuallypayfbritD. Theycanpayonlyasmallamountofwhattheyowe.43. Whatisthebesttitlefbrthepassage?A. Credit-aWayofLifeinAmerica.B. CreditServicesinAmerica.CConvenienceofLivinginAmerica.D.H

33、istoryofCreditCardsinAmerica.PassageFourAtthe1893ColumbianExposition,aWorldFairheldinChicago,chocolate-makingmachinerymadeinGermannywasdisplayed.ItcaughttheeyeofMSHershey,whosawthepotentialfbrchocolate.HeinstalledchocolatemachineryinhisfactoryinLancaster,andproducedhisfirstchocolatebarsin1894.OtherA

34、mericansbeganmixinginothermaterialstomakeupnewcandybarsthroughouttheendofthe1890sandtheearly1900's.ButitwasWorldWarIthatreallybroughtattentiontothecandybar.TheU.S.ArmyQuartermasterCorpsrequestedvariousAmericanchocolatemanufacturerstoprovide20to40poundblocksofchocolatetobeshippedtoquartermasterba

35、ses.TheblockswerecutintosmallerpiecesanddistributedtoAmericansoldiersinEurope.Eventuallythetaskofmakingsmallerpieceswasturnedbacktothemanufacturers.BytheendofthewarwhenthesoldiersarrivedtheAmericancandybarbusinesswasassured.Why?Becausethereturningsoldiershadfondofchocolatecandyandwantedmoreofthesame

36、.Asaresult,fromthattimeonandthroughthe1920s,candybarmanufacturersbecameestablishedthroughouttheUnitedStates,andasmanyas40,000dificrentcandybarsappearedonthescene.TheoriginalcandybarindustryhaditsstartontheeasterncoastinsuchcitiesasPhiladelphiaBoston,andNewYork.TheindustrysoonspreadtotheMidwestbecaus

37、eshippingandrawmaterialssuchassugar,cornsyrup,andmilkwereeasilyavailable.Chicagobecametheseatofthecandybarindustryandiseventodayanimportantbase.44. WhydidMS.Hersheystarttheproductionofchocolatebars?A. HewasdeeplyimpressedbytheColumbianExposition.B. Herealizedthatitwaspossiblefbrchocolatetobecome.C.

38、TherewasnothingtoproduceinhisfactoryinLancaster.D. Hewasinterestedinthechocolatemachinerydisplayedatthefair.45. WhicheventbroughttheboomingofAmericancandybarbusiness?A.Theaddingofnewmaterials.BThedemandinthearmyduringWWI.C. Thepurchaseofnewmachines.DTheappearanceofsmallercandy.46. Whatdoestheunderli

39、nedword"seat',inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Focus.B.Position.CChair.D.Center.47. Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A. AWorldFairheldinChicagoin1893.B. ThepopularityoftheAmericancandybarindustry.C. ThecandybarindustryduringWorldWarI.D. ThespreadofthecandybarbusinesstotheMidwest.PassageFive

40、MarkTwainisoneofAmericasmuch-belovedauthors,creatingimaginativeandhumorousclassicsfbrchildrenandadultsalike,suchasTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,ThePrinceandThePauper,andAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Twainpassedawayin1910,leavingbehindatreasureofgreatliterature.Butnow,100yearsafterhisdeath,he'llhaveabra

41、nd-newbookontheshelves:athree-volumeautobiographyTwainhasn'tbeenkeepingbusyinhistomb:itwashiswishthatpublisherswaituntil100yearsafterhisdeathtopublishhismemoirs（自传），whichhespentthelastdecadeofhislifeworkingon.Theautobiographytotalsmorethan5,000pages,andlikelywontbeallsunshineandroses.Itseemsthat

42、Twainharboredsomebitternessagainstformergirlfriendsandex-friends.Healsowritesnegativelyaboutpoliticiansofhisday,suchasTeddyRoosevelt.It'slikelythatherequestedsuchalongleadtimefbrthememoirsbecausehedidn'twanttohurtthefeelingsofanyonementionedinthiswork.Althoughsmallsectionsofthememoirshavebee

43、npreviouslypublished,theautobiographyhasneverbeenavailableinfull,andshouldprovidegreatinsightsintothemanbehindtheclassicbooks.ThefirstvolumeofthesetwillbeavailableinNovember,andthetrilogyisbeingpublishedbytheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley."TherearcsomanybiographiesofTwain,andmanyofthemhaveused

44、bitsandpiecesoftheautobiography,"editorRobertHirsttoldTheIndependent."Butbiographerspickandchoosewhatbitstoquote.BypublishingTwain'sbookinfull,wehopethatpeoplewillbeabletocometotheirowncompleteconclusionsaboutwhatsortofamanhewas."AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatements

45、isTRUEofMarkTwain?A. Heleftbehindlotsofmoney.B. Hisworkswerewrittenforchildren.C. Hisworksarefullofadventures.D. Heisfamousforhisgreatworks.48. WhatcanwclearnaboutMarkTwain'sautobiographyfromthepassage?A. IthasbeenpublishedagainstTwain'swill.B. ItshowsTwain'srespectforpoliticians.C. Itwi

46、llbepublishedinfull.D. Ithasbeenrecentlyfinished.49. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"trilogy"inParagraph4mean?A. Aworkinthreevolumes.B. Animaginativework.C. Acollectionofstories.D. Memoirsoffamouspeople.50. WhatisthepurposeofpublishingTwain'sautobiography?A. Tosupplementotherbiographies.B. l

47、bhelpreaderstounderstandMarkTwain.C. TointroduceMarkTwain'sworks.D. ToexposenewdiscoveriesaboutMarkTwainVDailyConvcrsation(15points)Directions:PickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelowandcompletethefollowingdialoguebyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.A.Whenshallwesetof

48、fB.WhatisthetimeC.haveawonderfultimeD.startpackingE.begreatfiinF.WhatcouldIgetG.WhatshouldItakeH.wheretoMaryHowdoyouliketheideaofhavingapicnicthisSaturday?John:Wonderful.But56?Mary:WhatabouttheBlueMountain?It'squitecoolthereJohn:Thatsagoodidea.ShallweinviteMichaelandhisgirlfriendtogowithus?Mary:

49、Sure!Itwould57tohavethemwithus.John:Good!58?Mary:Youcouldbuysomedrinksandsandwiches.Andsomefruit,too.John:OK.59?Mary:Howabout8o'clockinthemorning?Ittakesabouttwohourstogetthere.John:OK.I'11callMichaelandtellhimaboutourplan.Wcsurewill60.第二卷(非选择题，共25分)VI.Writing(25points)Directions:Forthispart

50、,youaresupposedtowriteanessayinEnglishin100-120wordsbasedonthefollowinginformation.Remembertowriteitclearly.61。你（LiYuan）的同学王晶打算在校内找一份临时工作，给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括:你从校园网上获得图书馆招工的信息：招聘人数为5-10人：对应聘人员的要求（如必须是本校学生、可周末上班等）；面试时间和地点：鼓励她抓住此时机，前去面试。参考答案及解析Phonetics1. 【答案】A【答案】D2. 【答案】Ct答案】B3. 【答案】CII.VocabularyandStruc

51、ture4. 【答案】C【考情点拨】考察不定代词。【应试指导】句意：我问了两个路人怎么去新火车站，但是他们都不知道。mone表示“三者以上的都不",either表示“两者之中的任何一个"，neither表示“两者都不”，both表示“两者都”。此处表示两者都不，应选C【答案】B【考情点拨】考察情态动词。【应试指导】句意：一老板想找你谈话，他看起来对你的表现不满意。一哦,我可能有麻烦了，希望他不要辞退我。句末表达了希望，说明结果是不确定的，所以用can,表示“可能"，应选B,must指的是“一定会发生的，必然"，should意为“竟然”.would表示意愿

52、。5. 【答案】C【考情点拨】考察连词【应试指导】句意：我女儿可以申请号驾照了，因为她满18岁了。句中缺少表示原因的连词。because和since都可以引导原因状语从句，但because-般不用于句首，应选C。6. 【答案】B【考情点拔】考察consider的用法。【应试指导】句意：我会考虑今晚去看史密斯小姐，但我不确定我有没有时间。consider后面需要接动名词形式，应选B。7. 【答案】A【考情点拨】考察固定短语。【应试指导】句意：那趟火车应该十一点半到，但是它晚了一个小时。besupposedtodostho意为“应该做某事”,又因为本句时态为一般过去时，应选A。8. 【答案】D【考

53、情点拨】考察固定短语。【应试指导】句意：鲍勃看起来不像他那个年纪的样子。我觉得他己经四十多岁了。inone'sfortiesI'多岁"，应选D【答案】C【考情点拨】考察固定短语。【应试指导】句意：想到周后就能和家人在起，我就很冲动。beexcitedatstho意为“对某事感到兴奋"，应选C。13. 【答案】B【考情点拨】考察伴随状语。【应试指导】句意：找到一家旅馆后，我们找了个地方吃晚饭。现在分词短语可作伴随状语，用完成时强调"l2经找到旅馆”这个结果，应选B。14. 【答案】B【考情点拨】考察固定搭配【应试指导】句意：尽管总经理突然离职了，但公

54、司的日常工作仍在进展。routine意为“常规的，日常的",routinework意为“日常工作”，应选B【答案】C【考情点拨】杉察短语辨析。【应试指导】句意：在这么危急的时刻，我们必须抛开所有的差异，团结起来。setapart意为“留出”，setback意为“推迟""，setaside意为“把放在一边“，setdown意为“放下，下乍”。结合句意，应选C。15. 【答案】A【考情点拔】考察固定搭配【应试指导】句意：许多政府正在采取措施，减少公共场所的吸烟行为。takesteps意为“采取措施”，应选A。16. 【答案】B【考情点拨】考察时态。【应试指导】句意：自

55、从涨了工资，员工们工作起来更有热情了。since表示“自从.七出现在句中时，主句要用完成时，应选B。17. 【答案】D【考情点拨】考察副词辨析。【应试指导】句意：孩子们不知道他们背的是什么，但它会渐渐地影响他们的思维。casually意为“随意地”,especially意为“尤其地"，regularly意为“按时地”，gradually意为“渐渐地"。根据句意，应选D。18. 【答案】D【考情点拨】考察require的用法。应试指导】句意：大学的规定要求学生至少要参加90%的课程。cquirc表示“要求”,后面接that从句时谓语动词要用虚拟语气，构造为4,should+动

56、词原形”，should可以省略，应选D。19. 【答案】A【考情点拨】考察动词辨析【应试指导】句意:2007年10月，嫦娥一号卫星在西吕成功发射。launched意为"发射"，presented意为"提出，呈现"，regulated意为“规定，管理”engaged意为“从事，占用”。根据句意，应逸A。ni.ciozc【答案】A【考情点拨】词义辨析题【应试指导】空格后所说的森林、沙漠和湿地都是陆地上的风景、风貌，这里是说森林、沙漠和湿地都被房屋、公路、水坝、工业建筑、农场代替了landscapes有“风景”的意思，符合题意。cities意为“城市”，map

57、s意为“地图”，pictures意为“图画照片”o20. 【答案】C【考情点拔】介词辨析题。【应试指导】本句句意为：欧洲人开场在美国定居后，超过6500多万英亩的湿地变干。表示“在之后”用after,应选C。21. 【答案】A【考情点拨】短语辨析题。句讲到欧洲殖民对湿地的破坏，这是对前一句的举例说明。forexample意为“例如”,符合题意inaddition意为“此外"，atlast意为“结果，终于"afterall意为“毕竟【答案】C【考情点拔】固定搭隗题。【应试指导】空格之后的两个年份之间有and,所以前面要用between,betweenoand表示“在之间”【答

58、案】D【考情点拨】理解判断题。【应试指导】本句承上启下，or之前的半句指前文所说的短时间内的巨大变化，并且变化是明显的。obvious意为“明显的”，符合题意。simple意为“简单的”,beneficial意为“有益的”，Interesting意为“有趣的"。22. 【答案】A【老情点拨】理解判断题【应试指导】前文提到栖息地的破坏是明显的或者是微妙的，即可能很长时间其变化都没有被注意到。alongperiod表示“很长一段时间"，应选A。23. 【答案】B【考情点拨】词义辨析题【应试指导】城市污水和从E地流出来的化学药物都属于污染，pollution意为“污染”，符合题意，应选B。construction意为“建造”,farming意为"耕作”，living意为"生活"【答案】D【考情点拨】词义辨析题。【应试指导】此姓意为：从城市和田地流出的污染物改变了河水的质量和流量。qualityandquantity意为“质量和数量，应选D。24. 【答案】B【考情点拨】理解判断题。【应试指导】此处意为：对生存在这样处于微妙平衡的环境中的物种来说，这样的干扰就像砍光雨林样致命。本句强调的是环境的改变对物种的影响，前后文中也屡次出现species,应选B。25. 【答案】C【