八年级生物下册 13.1 生物的分类课件1 北京版 (1084)

1、Unit 5 Music词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 【文章导语】Music plays an important part in our life.It is just another language to express our feelings.音乐在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。它就是我们另一种表达情感的语言。词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 Music is a language for people to express feelings and ideas.But there are as many different kinds of music as different langua

2、ges.Here are a few well-known types for you.Classical musicThis kind of music,also called art music,is serious western European music from Middle Ages to the present and it is often written for orchestra or a small group of players and is also written to be sung as opera.This music is often taught i

3、n schools.词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 JazzThis kind of music developed in the Southern States of North America at the beginning of the 20th century.The black people of these states,who were original slaves from Africa,had their own rhythms.This kind of music brought classical music and African rhythms together.Bl

4、uesThis kind of music was originally Black country music,which also came from the Southern States of the 20th century.It is slow,usually sad music,which is often sung by one person with a guitar.It becomes faster and more complex and uses more instruments.The music is often about city life and white

5、 musicians start playing it as well.It spread to Europe in the 1960s and is now popular in most countries.词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 Pop musicThis kind of music developed from Rock n Roll in America and Europe in the 1960s.It is very popular with the youth and is usually played by groups with electric instrument

6、s.We can buy records or hear on “pop radio”,and make videos to go with their records.There are many popular singers in different countries.Folk musicThis kind of music is made up of the old songs of a people.Most folk songs begin in distant areas.One person makes up a song,and other people hear it a

7、nd learn to sing it.Some folk songs have been passed on in this way for hundreds of years.词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 译文:音乐是一种人们用来表达情感和想法的语言。但是音乐的种类就如同语言的种类一样多。下面给你们提供几种著名的音乐类型。古典音乐这种音乐,也被称作艺术音乐,是从中世纪到现在都非常严肃的西欧音乐,它经常是为管弦乐队或一小群演奏人员写的,也被编成歌。这种音乐经常在学校里教授。爵士乐这种音乐是20世纪初在北美洲的南部诸州发展起来的。这些州的黑人们原来是从非洲过来的奴隶,他们有自己的韵律。这种音乐把

8、古典音乐和非洲韵律结合起来。词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 布鲁斯音乐这种音乐最初是黑人乡村音乐,也是来自20世纪的南部诸州。它通常是缓慢、悲伤的音乐,经常由一个手持吉他的人演唱。现在它变得节奏更快、更复杂,并能使用更多的乐器。这种音乐经常是关于城市生活的,并且白人音乐家也开始演奏。在20世纪60年代,它传播到了欧洲,并在大多数国家流行。流行音乐这种音乐在20世纪60年代由美洲和欧洲的摇滚乐发展而来。它非常受年轻人的欢迎,通常是由一群带着电子乐器的人们演奏。我们能够买录音机或通过“流行音乐台”来听,也可以用他们的录音来制作视频。不同的国家有许多流行歌手。民间音乐这种音乐是由一个民族的老歌组成的。大

9、多数民歌在偏远的地区开始。一个人编一首歌曲,其他听了之后学着唱。一些民歌已经以这种方式传唱了数百年了。词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 orchestra /kIstr/ n.管弦乐队opera /pr/ n. 歌剧rhythm /rIm/ n.韵律;节奏instrument /Instrmnt/ n. 乐器词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 Here are a few well-known types for you.译文:下面给你们提供几种著名的音乐类型。剖析:本句是倒装句,正常语序是:A few well-known types for you are here.词海拾贝 难句剖析理解诱思 1.Wh

10、at kind of music do you like best?Give your reasons.2.Why is the pop music very popular with the youth?3.It can be learned from the passage that . A.music is the only language for people to express feelingsB.jazz is serious western European musicC.folk music came from the Southern States in the USAD

11、.blues becomes faster and more complex and uses more instruments答案:Different people have different answers. 答案:Different people have different answers. 答案:D Section Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading & Comprehending一二三四五六一、写作词汇预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语篇。1.Whats her dream?She (梦想) running her own busi

12、ness. 2.What kind of person do you think he is?(说实在地),he is not a kind man. 3.How much do you (赚) each day,Tom?About two hundred yuan.4.Who can help us with the work?I think we can (依赖) Jack. dreams of To be honest earn rely on 一二三四五六5.I have many friends and we sometimes (戏弄) each other.We are (熟悉的

13、) with TFboys.And when they (表演),we cheer them.I think we can support them but we should (认为有) importance to our studies.Every day we study for 8 hours (大约).Though it is tiring but we are happy. play jokes on familiar perform attach or so 一二三四五六二、阅读词汇导学号预习Reading部分的词汇,写出画线部分的汉语意思。I dont want to be a

14、 millionaire 1.My dream is to become a musician 2. when I grow up.Of all the instruments 3.,I like piano most.Sometimes I pretend 4. to be a famous one and play the piano for my class.My father is a music teacher,who is humorous 5.He also hopes I can become a musician. 百万富翁 音乐家 乐器 假装 幽默的 一二三四五六三、写出你

15、喜欢的音乐家或歌手,并说明理由I like best for the following reasons:First:. Second:. Third:. Fourth:. .答案:略一二三四五六四、阅读课文 THE BAND THAT WASNT,匹配各段大意Paragraph 1A.Many people want to be famous as singers or musicians.Paragraph 2B.How the Monkees became serious about their business.Paragraph 3C.How musicians form bands

16、.Paragraph 4D.How the band got their start.答案:Paragraph 1AParagraph 2CParagraph 3DParagraph 4B一二三四五六五、阅读课文 THE BAND THAT WASNT,选择正确答案1.Which is WRONG about a band when it is first formed?A.People form a band because they like to write and play music.B.Many bands are formed by high school students.C.

17、They can earn some money by playing to passers-by.D.They will become famous once the band is formed.2.Which is right about “the Monkees”?A.It began as a TV show.B.The members were serious about their clothes.C.The members were all lively musicians.D.The TV organizers easily found its members that th

18、ey needed.答案:D 答案:A 一二三四五六3.Sometimes the musicians may play to passers-by in the street or subway to . A.attract others attentionB.show their gift for performanceC.earn extra money or to pay for their instrumentsD.play jokes on others4.Whats the main idea of the third paragraph?A.How most bands sta

19、rted.B.The Monkees started in a different way.C.How the Monkees became popular.D.How the Monkees developed as a real band.答案:C 答案:D 一二三四五六六、课文填空按照课文的内容和句子结构的语法性,在空格处填入一个合适的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。If we are honest ourselves,most of us have dreamed of (be) famous sometimes in our lives.Most musicians often m

20、eet and form band.Sometimes they play in the street to passers-by so that they can earn some money and this also (give) them a chance to realize their dreams.There was once a band started in a different way.The (music) of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music, m

21、usic and jokes were (base) loosely on the Beatles.with being a gives musicians whosebased 一二三四五六Their exciting performances were copied by other groups.The Monkees played their own instruments and wrote their own music.Though it broke about 1970,it reunited in the mid-1980s and it is still popular t

22、oday. up 12345678910111.Rock n Roll(P33) 摇滚乐考点:roll vt.& vi.滚动;(使)摇摆【高考典句】(2015四川高考)Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand,the scientists say.很久以前的建造者有可能把木柱子缚到石头上,并且把石头滚过沙地,科学家们说。You should roll the wool into a ball before you start knitt

23、ing.你应当在织前先把毛线绕成线球。The boat was rolling heavily in the lake.那船在湖中摇晃得很厉害。1234567891011考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出roll的词性及含义。Our dog loves a roll on the grass.我们的狗喜欢在草地上打滚。词性:名词含义:滚动The desk calculator uses a roll of paper.这台台式计算机使用卷纸。词性:名词含义:卷/卷状物2)阅读下列句子,指出roll的词组及意义。A tear rolled down his face.一滴眼泪沿着他的面颊流下来。词

24、组:roll down意义:滚下来 1234567891011People rolled in from all parts of the country.人们从祖国的四面八方来到这里。词组:roll in意义:滚滚而来;大量涌入 Hedgehogs can roll into balls.刺猬能滚成一团,形成圆球。词组:roll into.意义:使卷成 I roll over in my bed.我在床上翻身。词组:roll over 意义:翻滚;翻转 She rolled up her sleeves and joined us in the work.她撸起袖子,和我们一道干了起来。词组

25、:roll up 意义:把卷起来 1234567891011知识卡片a roll of一卷roll down滚下来roll in滚滚而来;大量涌入roll into使卷成roll over翻滚;翻转roll up把卷起来12345678910111234567891011123456789101112345678910112.Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert,at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?

26、(P34)你是否曾经梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演奏,观众欣赏你的音乐并为你鼓掌呢?剖析:本句是一个复合句,其中at which引导是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a concert。如:We will hold a meeting,at which we will talk about the problem.我们将召开一个会议,会议上我们将讨论这个问题。1234567891011考点:dream of梦见;梦想;设想I never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我根本没想到墙上有张画。He dreamed of working i

27、n the famous company.他梦想着在那家著名的公司上班。考点延伸 1)翻译下列句子。The girl dreamed about winning first prize.翻译:那个女孩梦想获得一等奖。12345678910112)阅读下列句子,指出dream的词组及意义。The young man dreamed away much of his time.那个年轻人虚度了许多时间。词组:dream away意义:虚度(年华、时光)He is good at dreaming up a plan which is almost impossible to be carried

28、out.他善于空想一个几乎总是不可能实现的计划。词组:dream up意义:构思;虚构 I dreamed/had a terrible dream last night.昨晚我做了一个可怕的梦。词组:dream/have a.dream意义:做了一个的梦 1234567891011The old man told me that he could read a dream.那位老人告诉我他会解梦。词组:read a dream意义:解梦 I never dream of your doing like that.我万万没想到你会那样做。词组:dream of sbs doing sth意义:

29、想象某人做某事 知识卡片dream about=dream of梦想dream away虚度(年华、时光)dream up构思;虚构dream/have a.dream做了一个的梦read a dream解梦dream of sbs doing sth想象某人做某事12345678910112)The story is purely dreamt ,believe it or not. 3)As a student,he shouldnt dream his precious time. 单句填空4)For many years,people (dream)of electric cars.H

30、owever,making them has been more difficult than predicted. 5)They dream of there (be)a hospital in their hometown. 翻译句子6)昨晚我梦到了我的启蒙老师。1234567891011答案:1)of/about2)up3)away4)have been dreaming5)being6)I dreamed of/about my former teacher last night.12345678910113.To be honest,a lot of people attach gr

31、eat importance to becoming rich and famous.(P34)说实在的,很多人把名和利看得很重要。考点一:to be honest说实在地;说实话To be honest,I am not quite satisfied with what you said and done.说实话,我对你的所作所为不是很满意。To be honest,none of us like her very much.说实话,我们都不是很喜欢她。1234567891011考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出honest的词组及意义。Mr Wang is honest with the

32、people around him.王先生对他周围的人们都很坦诚。词组:be honest with sb意义:对某人坦诚 She is honest in correcting my mistake.她诚恳地纠正我的错误。词组:be honest in doing sth意义:在做某事方面坦诚 I think he should be honest about what we should do.我认为他应该在我们应该做的事情方面说实话。词组:be honest about sth意义:在某事方面说实话 1234567891011知识卡片be honest with sb对某人坦诚;说实话b

33、e honest in doing sth在某事方面坦诚be honest about sth在某事方面说实话honestly speaking老实说honesty n.诚实1234567891011Honestly speaking,he is honest with all of us,and always honest in pointing out our shortcomings in our work.说实话,他对我们所有人都很坦诚,总是诚恳地指出我们工作上的不足之处。Honestly speaking/To tell the truth,you dont write as wel

34、l as he.老实说,你不如他写得好。To be frank,you havent done a good job.坦白地说,你做得不好。12345678910112)阅读下列句子,指出动词不定式作状语的词组及意义。The work was completed in less than one dayfive hours,to be exact.这项工作花了不到一天的时间确切地说只有五个小时就完成了。词组:to be exact意义:确切地说 To be brief,Ill explain only the most important points.长话短说,我只解释最重要的部分。词组:t

35、o be brief意义:简而言之 11To start/begin with,we havent enough money,and secondly we havent enough time.首先,我们没有足够的资金;其次,我们没有足够的时间。词组:to begin/start with意义:首先 123456789101112To make matters worse,I locked my keys in the car.更糟的是,我把钥匙锁在车里了。词组:to make matters worse意义:更糟的是 知识卡片to tell the truth说实话to be exact确

36、切地说to be brief简而言之to start/begin with首先to make matters worse更糟的是1234567891011考点二:attach vt.& vi.系上;缚上;附加;连接13He wanted to attach a chain to his pet dogs collar.他想把一根链子系到宠物狗的颈圈上。14I have attached a label to my bag.我把标签缚在我的包上。15He attached a few words to the end of the letter,and then mailed it ou

37、t.他在信后附上了几句话,然后把它寄了出去。1234567891011考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出attach的词组及意义。16All of us attached great value to his suggestion at the meeting.在会上我们都认为他的建议很有价值。词组:attach.to意义:认为有(价值、意义等)17He attached himself to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him.在聚会上他老是缠着我,我无法摆脱他。词组:attach oneself to意义:缠着某人 18He attach

38、ed himself to the group of climbers.他加入登山队。词组:attach oneself to意义:加入 123456789101119He attached himself to the university where he worked nearly thirty years.他对那所大学依依不舍,因为他在那里工作了差不多30年。词组:attach oneself to意义:依恋于 20Youll be attached to this department until the end of the year.你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。词组:be att

39、ached to意义:依附于;隶属于 知识卡片attach.to.认为有(价值、意义等)attach oneself to缠着某人attach oneself to加入;依恋于be attached to依附于;隶属于12345678910111234567891011123456789101112345678910114.But just how do people form a band?(P34)但人们又是怎样组成乐队的呢?考点:form vt.(使)组成;形成;构成【高考典句】(2015湖北高考) Many bad habits can be especially difficult

40、to cure because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.许多坏习惯特别难以纠正,因为它们可能是人们在年幼时就形成了的。Group activities help to form a childs character.团队活动对孩子性格的形成有所帮助。Blue sky,white cloud and the singing birds form a beautiful picture in his mind.蓝天、白云和欢唱的鸟儿在他脑海中构成一幅美好的画面。1234567891011考点延伸 1)阅读下列句

41、子,指出form的词性及含义。【高考典句】(2013陕西高考)According to sociologists,every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification.按照社会学家的说法,每一个现代工业社会,都有某种形式的社会阶层。词性:名词含义:形式【高考典句】(2014北京高考)Hi,lets go skating.嗨,我们去滑冰吧。Sorry,Im busy right now.I am filling in an application form for a new job.抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在

42、填写一份新工作的申请表格。词性:名词含义:表格12345678910112)阅读下列句子,指出form的词组及意义。Form the habit of brushing your teeth twice a day.养成每天刷两次牙的习惯。词组:form the habit of意义:养成的习惯 Help in the form of money will be very welcome.以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。词组:in the form of 意义:以的形式 These disorders can take the form of headaches,memory loss,and s

43、leeplessness.这些疾病的表现是头疼、记忆力丧失和失眠。词组:take the form of意义:采取的形式 1234567891011If shes in form, she can win the match easily.若她竞技状态好,她能轻易地赢得比赛。词组:in form意义:情况良好 The footballers out of form this season.本赛季该名足球运动员的状况不好。词组:out of form意义:精神不好;状况不好 11The independent group is formed of 26 national science acad

44、emies from across the European Union.此独立研究小组是由欧盟26个国家科学院的研究人员组成的。词组:be formed of意义:由组成 1234567891011知识卡片form the habit of养成的习惯in the form of以的形式take the form of采取的形式in form情况良好out of form精神不好;状况不好be formed of由组成123456789101112345678910115.Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway

45、 so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.(P34)有时他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏,这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。剖析:本句是一个复合句,其中so that引导的是一个目的状语从句。如:We often go to help those old people so that they can live a happier life.我们经常去帮助那些老人,这样他们就可以过上更加幸福的生活。1234567891011考点一:passer-by

46、 n.过路人,行人(复数形式为passers-by)I went and sat in a cafe and watched the passers-by.我走进一家咖啡馆坐下,望着来往的路人。He begged from one passer-by to another.他向路人一一乞讨。考点延伸 复合名词变复数时的规则:1)一般只将主体名词变为复数。2)没有主体名词时,在复合名词的词尾加-s或-es。3)以man及woman为词尾的复合名词,按man及woman的变化规则进行变化(注:German的复数形式为Germans)。12345678910114)man与woman置于前面构成复合

47、名词时,前后两个名词同时变为复数。将下列复合名词变成复数形式looker-onlookers-on旁观者mother-in-lawmothers-in-law岳母;婆婆go-betweengo-betweens中间人;媒人;经纪人grown-upgrown-ups成年人EnglishmanEnglishmen 英国人policewomanpolicewomen女警察man doctor men doctors男医生 11woman teacher women teachers女教师 1234567891011考点二:earn vt. 赚;挣得;获得12【高考典句】(2014课标全国高考)How

48、 much can a new person earn for the first year?一个新来的人第一年能挣多少钱?13【高考典句】(2015北京高考)Thats why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors.那就是为什么“电视耳朵”已经赢得了全国听觉学家和世界著名的医生的信任和信心。14His honesty earned him many friends.他的诚实为他赢得了许多朋友。12345678910

49、11考点延伸 辨析earn,win和gain的不同用法。earn强调经过艰苦努力而获得的报酬,宾语多为金钱、荣誉等理应得到的东西;win指在竞赛或战斗中“赢得”或“获得胜利”,可以通过努力获得,也可以是凭运气偶然获得,其宾语为表示比赛、战斗或人的名词;gain指通过努力或奋斗获得某种利益、好处或经验。15After many years hard training,they gained rich experience and won the football match,earning respect from us all.经过多年的艰苦训练,他们获得了丰富的经验,赢得了那场足球赛,获得了

50、我们所有人的尊敬。12345678910111234567891011123456789101156123478910116.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs,for which they are paid in cash.(P34)后来,他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出,这样他们可以得到现金。考点一:performance n. 表演;演奏【高考典句】(2015天津高考) I never told my mother about my “miraculous”(奇迹般的) experience that summer,but s

51、he saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.那个夏天我从未告诉妈妈我奇迹般的经历,但是她在接下来的那一年看到了我在课堂的表现有了缓慢但显著的进步。5612347891011【高考典句】(2015陕西高考)I really dont know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids education that le

52、ads to declines in their academic performance.我真的不知道公众是否为此做好了准备,但是有些父母参与孩子教育的方式会导致他们的学习表现下降。They will put on/give a performance of King Lear.他们将把李尔王搬上舞台。5612347891011考点延伸 1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义。【高考典句】(2015浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it being performed live is quite anoth

53、er.在家听音乐是一回事,听现场演奏的音乐又是另外一回事。词性:动词含义:表演One should always perform what one promises.一个人应该说到做到。词性:动词含义:履行We decided to send you to perform the task.我们决定派你去执行这次任务。词性:动词含义:执行56123478910112)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词组及意义。He performed a duty/job/task well.他很好地履行了职责/工作/任务。词组:perform a duty/job/task意义:履行责任/开展工作/执行任务 Ou

54、r team performed well/badly in the match yesterday.我们队在昨天的比赛中表现出色/糟糕。词组:perform well/badly意义:表现出色/糟糕 They performed an experiment with two sets of people.他们用两组人做了一次实验。词组:perform an experiment意义:做实验 5612347891011On National Day,our class gave/put on a wonderful performance.国庆节那天,我们班做了精彩的表演。词组:give/pu

55、t on a performance意义:表演;演出 知识卡片perform a duty履行责任perform a job开展工作perform a task执行任务perform well/badly表现良好/糟糕perform an experiment做实验give/put on a performance表演;演出5612347891011考点二:in cash用现金;有现钱11Give me a round dozen and Ill pay in cash.给我一整打,我将付现金。考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词组及意义。12It is very convenient to

56、 pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。词组:by credit card意义:用信用卡 13I have no cash with me.May I pay by cheque?我没有带现金。可以付支票吗?词组:by cheque意义:用支票 5612347891011知识卡片by credit card用信用卡by cheque用支票5612347891011561234789101167512348910117.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music,most of w

57、hich was based loosely on the Beatles.(P34)组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐,还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。考点:play jokes on 戏弄On April Fools Day many people are played jokes on by their friends.愚人节那天许多人被朋友戏弄。Life is not a trap the God uses to play a joke on you.生命不是上帝用于捉弄你的陷阱。6751234891011考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出joke的词组及意义。I dont

58、want to make a joke about this.我并不想以此事为笑柄。词组:make a joke about意义:以为笑柄 My employer treated our request as a joke.我的老板把我们的要求视为儿戏。词组:for/as a joke意义:当作笑话 He tells a joke when we feel sleepy.当我们感到困倦时,他就讲笑话。词组:tell a joke意义:讲笑话 6751234891011Please dont joke about others disabilities.不要拿别人的残疾开玩笑。词组:joke a

59、bout意义:拿开玩笑;当儿戏 知识卡片make a joke about以为笑柄for/as a joke当作笑话tell a joke讲笑话joke about拿开玩笑;当儿戏make fun of sb取笑某人laugh at嘲笑某人play a trick/tricks on sb和某人开玩笑;戏弄某人make a fool of sb愚弄某人;嘲笑某人675123489101167512348910116751234891011完成句子6)开残疾人的玩笑是不礼貌的。Its impolite the disabled. 7)不要再和那位老人开玩笑了。这太不礼貌了。Dont that o

60、ld man any more.Its impolite. 答案:1)on2)a3)joke后面加on4)去掉a5)onabout6)to play jokes on7)play jokes/a joke on78651234910118.As some of these actors could not sing well enough,they had to rely on other musicians to help them.(P34)因为这些演员中有些人唱得不是很好,他们不得不依靠队里其他人的帮助。考点:rely vi. 依赖;依靠【高考典句】(2015课标全国高考)No one can say whi