北师大版必修三Unit 7讲义

1、 .立体式复习单词A基础单词1. _ vi. 参加2. _ vt. 评估，评价3._ n. 符号，记号4._ n. 航海，航空5._ vt. 说服，劝服6._ adv. 最终，终于7._ vt. 禁止8._ adv. 完全9._ vt. 对付10._ vt. 讲演，演示11._ n. 折扣，减价12._ vi& vi.度量（大小、长短等）测量13._ vi. 逃跑14._ vt.辨认出15._ n.& vt.辩论，争论16._vt. 安排，准备 _ n. 安排，筹备17._ vi.道歉 _ n.道歉18._ vt. 吸引 _ n. 吸引人的地方、人、物 _adj.吸引人的19._ adj.有才

2、智的，理解力强的 _ n.智力，理解力20._adj. 有活力的 _ n.精力，活力21._ vt. 教育 _ n.教育工作者 _ n.教育，培养22._ n.恐怖，恐惧 _ vt.令人感到恐惧 _ adj.使人感到恐惧的 _ adj.感到恐惧的23._ vi.幸存，生存下来 _ n.幸存 _ n.幸存者24._ vt. 痊愈，康复 _ n.痊愈，康复25._ vi.意见不合，不同意 _ n.分歧，争论 _ vi.同意，赞成 _ n. 同意，赞成.递进式回顾短语A短语互译1 参加2 填写3 起航4 寻找，寻求5 谋生6 watch out7 all at once8 deal with9 ma

3、ke sure10 与某人分享某物11._ 根据，依据12._ 陷入困境，陷入麻烦13._ 到达14._ 朝的方向15._ 取，接载16._ 除之外，还有B用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子11To ，he had to sell newspapers.12Scientists are a cure for H7N9.13 for anybody trying to come in this way.14Ill go with her to she comes to no harm.15A wind arose，and rain drops began falling .1frightening

4、 adj.令人惊恐的；骇人的(教材P7)Its frightening to think it could happen again.frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬frighten o/out of (doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的I got quite frightened when he lost his temper.Dont be frightened of making mistakes when you speak English.讲英语时别害怕犯错误。v.ing形式，意为“令人的”，多指事物；v.ed形式，

5、意为“感到的”，多用于指人。常见的分词形容词有：surprised/surprising；excited/exciting；interested/interesting；bored/boring；tired/tiring; pleased/pleasing；puzzled/puzzling；astonished/astonishing；shocked/shocking等。用frighten的适当形式填空He was at seeing the animal.来吧，姑娘，没什么可害怕的。Come on， girls，theres nothing .他恐吓那位老太太签了字据。He the pape

6、r.他听到那声音非常惊恐。He the sound.2persuade vt.说服；劝说He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.(教材P8)persuade sb.to do sth.persuade o doing sth. 说服了某人做某事persuade sb.not to do sth.persuade sb.out of (doing) sth.说服了某人不做某事persuade sb.that. 使某人信服某事persuasion n说服，劝服persuasive adj.有说服力的；能使人信服

7、的【提示】persuade表示结果说服了；若表示“劝说”的动作，常用：try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。用persuade的适当形式填空It had taken a great deal of to get him to give up smoking.She didnt doubt he could be very .It will be difficult to them that theres no other choices.那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品。_她说服我买下了它。_你能劝她放弃她那个愚蠢的计划吗？_怎样才

8、能使你相信我是真心实意的呢？_3apologise vt.道歉(美式英语拼写作apologize)Mr Johnson apologised for the mistake.(教材P9)apologise for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事表示歉意apologise to sb.for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事向某人道歉她坚持要为她儿子的不礼貌道歉。_apology n道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而向某人道歉他因迟到而向老师道歉。_ _用适当的介词填空I sincerely apologise

9、 whatever wrong I have done to you.You must apologise your friend being so late.If you see him，please give my apologies not having written to him.4ban vt.禁止 n禁令；禁止(教材P10)ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事ban on/against.禁止put a ban on.禁止remove/lift the ban on.解除对的禁令ban/forbidban官方(或舆论)对于道德上应受强烈谴责或反对的事物下令加

10、以禁止；在报刊语言中应用广泛。forbid正式用语，对象多半是与被禁止的人有直接或亲密关系，如父母、医生、主人、雇主等，带有不许做某事、必须遵从嘱咐或命令的意味。用ban，forbid的适当形式填空The police lift the against parking in this street.We shouting loudly in the office.谁也不许胡乱(randomly.)张贴布告。_政府已经禁止使用化学武器(chemical weapons)._我禁止你在深夜给我打电话。_5present vt.讲演；演示；赠送；颁发；出席；到场How will you presen

11、t your project？(教材P11)present sth.to sb.把某物呈递/赠给某人present sb.with sth.赠送/颁发某物给某人优胜者被赠予奖品。_present n现在，目前；礼物，赠品for the present就目前而言；暂时at presentat the present time现在，目前up to the present直到现在present adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的目前我们没有进一步的消息。_【提示】present作为形容词，作“在场的，出席的”讲时放在被修饰词的后面；而作为“现在的，目前的”讲时放在被修饰词的前面。出席会议的人 _

12、 现任总统_翻译句子At present，the girl present at the party is considering asking her father for the prize that just has been presented to him as a birthday present. 6escape vi.逃脱；逃跑Without waiting，I dived into the sea to try and escape.(教材P14)escape sth.逃离危险、灾难等escape from.从中逃离escape doing sth.逃避做某事escape n

13、逃跑；逃离；避免他成功越狱，但一个月后再次被警方逮捕。_他幸运地逃脱了惩罚。_他们几乎没有逃脱的希望。_【提示】后面只能接动名词作宾语而不能接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：avoid，miss，advise，finish，enjoy，admit，escape，risk，deny，stand，keep，practise等。7recognise vt.辨认出；承认；认可The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me.(教材P15)I could hardly recognise him.They recogn

14、ised him as/to be a great leader.recognise sth.as.承认是be recognised as.被公认为recognise that.承认；意识到recognition n认识；认出beyond recognition认不出来Lawrences novel was eventually recognised as a work of genius.Illness and age had changed her beyond recognition.短语1In 982 AD，when a man called Eric the Red decided

15、to set sail further west，there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.(教材P8)set sail起航The light faded as we set sail from the harbor.The ship will set sail for London at once.set about着手，开始做(doing sth.) set out出发，开始做(to do sth.)set off出发，启程；引起 set aside节省；保留set up建立；树立 set down写下；放下set fre

16、e释放【对接高考】(2013湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time for sleeppure and simple.Aset aside Bset down Cset off Dset up用恰当的副词填空We also set some meat for elderly people.If you drop a lighted cigarette，you could set a fire.He set learning Chinese at age ten.Today we have accomplished what we

17、set to do.Walk down the road for 2 miles，please.2According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，for which he got into trouble.(教材P8)get into trouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境Even an experienced climber can get into trouble.If you break la

18、w again，you will get into trouble.in trouble处于困境或险境take the trouble to do sth.不厌其烦地干某事have trouble (in) doing/with sth.做有困难look/ask for trouble找麻烦make trouble制造麻烦get o trouble使某人陷入困境完成句子在大城市里，他总是一出门就遇到麻烦。 He is always when he is out in a big city.难道你不是在自找麻烦吗？Arent you ？小心点，否则你会给她惹麻烦的。Watch out

19、，or youll .你总是给自己找麻烦。_ 那些淘气的男孩子经常来捣乱。_3make it to到达Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.(教材P8)make it成功做到；出席；到场Can you make it to Lilys birthday party tomorrow?All I have to do is make it to the dock on the north side.make up编造；构成；打扮；弥补make sense(使)有

20、意义；讲得通make use of利用make out(勉强地)看出；听出；理解make it big大获成功；走红make ones way去，前往【对接高考】(2013陕西高考)Shall we go for a drink at one oclock this afternoon? .Will two oclock be OK?ASure，its up to you BSure, no problemCSorry, I cant make it DSorry, Im not available today完成句子我认为这周末我不能去参加聚会。I dont think I would th

21、e party this weekend.汽车是由许多零件构成的。A car is many different parts.你说的话没有意义(讲不通)。What you said .4in search of寻找；寻求Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland，a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Erics party.(教材P8)in ones/the search for 寻找；寻求；在寻找的过程中search sb.for sth. 搜查某人寻找某物se

22、arch somewhere(for sb./sth.) 在某地搜寻(某人或某物)search for sb./sth. 寻找某人/物search into调查，追究search through把仔细搜查一遍用search短语填空Michael went away water to drink.I the book everywhere.He all the drawers for the key. 他们彻底搜索了整个洞穴，但是，除了一只空的皮箱以外什么也没找到。_ 5long before很久以前They achieved this long before Columbus ever set

23、 sail.(教材P8)He said he had read the book long before.It was long before.过了很久才It was not long before.没过多久就It will not be long before.要不了多久就会It will be long before.要过很久才It was long before I fell asleep.It was not long before my mother came back.It will not be long before my brother goes abroad. long b

24、efore/before longlong before意为“在以前很久”，用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中。接从句时before为连词；接名词、数词或代词时before为介词；什么都不接时before是副词。before long意为“不久，很快”，相当于soon，用于过去时、将来时和现在时的句子中，且只能单独作状语，后面不接从句。Mary came back before long.用long before，before long填空I had known her graduation. ，a truck stopped in front of her house.6make sense有意

25、义；讲得通Read them in that order to see if the story makes sense.(教材P14)make sense of理解，弄懂in a sense在某种意义上in no sense决不(位于句首时句子用倒装语序)Theres no sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义完成句子我看不懂那幅画。I cant that painting.从某种意义上说，这事已无关紧要了。 ，it doesnt matter any more.你所说的没有任何意义。_Maybe what you said makes sense in a sense，bu

26、t I cant make sense of it；so in no sense will I follow you.7pick up(从海里或危险处)搭救；营救In the end，a boat picked me up.(教材P15)AirSea Rescue picked up the drowning fisherman after receiving an SOS message.pick up还有其他意义：拾起，拿起(偶然)学会，得到增加振作起来，恢复健康收拾，整理接收(节目)翻译句子I am a taxi driver.Sometimes I need to pick up sp

27、eed to pick up passengers；I also like to pick up radio programmes to make my spirits pick up. He picked up a set of rare stamps at a secondhand shop.The speed of the train began to pick up.His spirits pick up.I can pick up BBC News.8break off使折断；中止(谈话或关系)；(使)突然结束And if it breaks off an arm in an acc

28、ident，the starfish grows the arm back again.(教材P19)break away from 脱离break down (机器等)发生故障，破坏，分解break into 闯入(后面可接宾语)break in 闯入(后面不接宾语)break out 爆发break up 解散，驱散用适当的介词或副词填空The machine must break at this busy hour.Robbers often breaks at midnight.We had been warned of the risk that fire could break .

29、The crowd started to break when the night fell.Why dont you break a branch off the tree and make a walking stick?I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.Cant you break away from old habits?Police were called in to break up the meeting.句型1.The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach Ame

30、rica.(教材P8)北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。句中不定式短语to reach America作后置定语，修饰the first Europeans。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况：被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opport

31、unity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式)；there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。给他拿点东西吃。_失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。_她是唯一一位当选该职位的女性。_没什么可担心的。_【对接高考】(2013北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.A changeBchanging Cchanged Dto change完成句子The next train (到达

32、的)is from Washington.Do you have anything (要说的)on the question?My wish (游览法国的)has come true at last.2Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric，but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.(教材P8)(1)句中found himself in an unkno

33、wn island是个“find宾语宾语补足语”的句式，其中宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等。【对接高考】(2011浙江高考)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.AloseBlost Cto lose Dhaving lost完成句子When he woke up he (发现自己躺在医院里)Sooner or later youll (发现杰克是一个明智的人)He (发现自己被包围)by a group of boys.我发现这本书很难理解。_ 当我回到家时，我发现门锁着。_我们发现他

34、们在车站等着我们。_3Leif followed Biarnis directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of presentday Canada.(教材P8)赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸所在地。what is believed to be the coast of presentday Canada为介词to的宾语，由what引导，what在宾语从句中作主语。what作连接代词的用法：引导名词性从句的what，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。具有疑问代词性质的what，意为“什么，什么样的

35、”。在名词前表示感叹的what，意为“多么”。具有关系代词性质的what，意为“的”。what在此相当于“the名词that”或者all that，既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词。I dont know what he needs. Only then did I recognize what silly mistakes I had made.What(The thing that)happened after that was interesting.China is no longer what(the China that)it used to be.中国再也不是以前的中国了。(wha

36、t在表语从句中作表语)【对接高考】(2013新课标全国卷)Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhat完成句子他不是几年前的他了。 He is not a few years ago.我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。 Our income is now double .这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。 they call Salt Lake City.4.“with复合结构”在句中可作状语，也可作定语。其主要构成如下：with宾语宾补I cant focus my attention

37、on my study with the boys _.孩子们大喊大叫，我不能集中注意力学习。Tom went out to play with his homework _.汤姆未做完家庭作业就出去玩了。The manager was very worried with so many problems _.有这么多问题要解决，经理很着急。完成句子由于有许多工作要做，他很焦急。 ，he was very anxious.由于天气暖和，我们都想去散散步。 ，we all like to go out for a walk.在这个导游的带领下，我们毫不费力地找到那个神秘的山洞。 ，we had

38、no difficulty in finding that mysterious cave.5One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands，our boat full of fish.(教材P14)our boat full of fish是独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随状况。独立主格结构：名词形容词(短语)Computers very small，we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。The clothes very dirty，youd better wash

39、 them immediately.衣服很脏，你快点儿洗洗吧！构成：名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式作用：在句中充当时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随状语，多用于书面语中。The light still on in the room，he went out.(伴随状语) The professor entered the classroom，a book in his hand.(伴随状语)Weather permitting，were going to visit you tomorrow.(条件状语)His homework done，he went out to

40、 play football.(时间状语)So many people to help him，he is sure to succeed.(原因状语)【提示】独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子隔开。【对接高考】(2012新课标全国卷)The party will be held in the garden，weather .ApermittingBto permit Cpermitted Dpermit用独立主格结构完成句子 (由于是星期天)，we neednt go to school today. (他妻子病了)，he had to stay

41、 at home looking after her.The girl rushed in the room， (气得脸通红) (作业做完了)，the students returned home happily.观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place whe

42、re he landed.Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.自我总结以上四句均为复合句，每句中都含有一个 。其中句的 分别为25 ships；the man， 前均有介词。句的 分别为the place；many places， 都是where。关系副词和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句.关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要

43、用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。一、关系副词where1where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。2where可以引导非限制性定语从句。Galileo lived in the city of Pisa，where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.伽利

44、略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。3关系副词where常可用“介词关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。The office where(at which)he works is not far from here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。【疑难辨析】where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属

45、连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。When you read the book，youd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方作一下标记。二、关系副词when1when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，在从句中作时间状语。He came at a time when I least expected him.他在我最意料不到的时候来了。Ill never forget the day when I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。2when可以引导非限制性定语从句。In the old days，when I was a little boy，the city had no industry to speak of.在过去，那时我还小，这个城市没有工业可言