中考英语语法专题详解三

1、1 / 11xx英语语法专题详解三介词、连词一.介词1.介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词 是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。 在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。2.常用介词的意义和用法。 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里（在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后）, on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;表示地点时，in表示在某个范围之内，on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接 触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was b

2、orn on the night of May 10th.I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.His glasses are on the desk.My brother is at the bus stop.after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after具体时刻/从句）表示 在时刻 之后”常用于一般过去时态；“in一段时间）表示在侈久）之后”常用于将来时 态。如：He said that he wouldcome back after 6：00.My father is coming back from Astralia in about a m

3、onth.since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since具体时刻/that-从句）表示自 从起一直到现在”，“fo一段时间）”表示 持续一段时间”都常用于完成时态；如：My father has worked inthis factory since 1970.My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years.2 / 11by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示 “工具、手段 ”但,是by主要表示 乘坐”某个交通工具或 以方式”在被动句中可以表示动作的执行 者;in表示 使用”某种语言/文字,with表示 使用”某个具体

4、的工具、手段。如：We write with our hands and walk with our feet.Please speak in English.Lets go to the zoo by bus.It was invented by Adison.about与on的用法区别： 都可以表示 有关”但是about的意义比较广，而on主要表示 有关专题/课程）”女口：Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China.They are talking about the English test.through与across o

5、ver的用法区别：through指 穿过门洞/人群/树林）”;acros和over可以指 跨越街道/河流）”可互换，但是表示 翻过时只能用over.如：Just then a kangaroo鼠）ran across the road.就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路 面）There is a bridgeacross/over the river.河上有座桥）They climbed over the mountain and arrived there（他们翻过大山到达了那 里） /The visitorswent through a big gate into ano ther park.（参 观

6、者们穿过一个大门 来到另一个公园）（7）.as与like的区别：两个词都表示 像”但是as译为 作为.表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实，而like译为像一样”表示外表，不是事实。如：Let me speak to you as a teacher我以老师的身份和你讲话。）Let me speak to you like a teacher.让我像一位老师一样和你讲话）（8） in front of与in the front of:in front of在的前面”与in the front of在 的前部 ”。如：A group of people was standing in front of

7、 the hall.3 / 11In the front of the hall stood a group of people.（12）except与besides的区别：except除了 ”表示排除掉某人物，即不包含;而besides除了”则表示包含，即 不仅又. ”如：Every one went to the park except Tom.除了Tom,大家都去了公园）（Tom没有 去公园）/Besides maths he also studied many other subjects除了数学之夕卜，他还学其他 许多功课）（“数学”也是他学的功课之一）连词1.连词概述：连词是一种虚

8、词，用于连接单词，短语或句子，但不单独做句 子成分。按照连词的性质，可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如：and，but，or，for等，它们即可连接单词，短语，又可连接句子。从属连词 如：when,before,because等，它们主要引导名词性从句。2.常见连词的用法：1 ）并列连词的用法：并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, aswell as,both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor, still,And:连接单词短语句子。如：Tom and I study i

9、n the same school.But, o:I have a pen butno pen cil. / Would you like coffee or tea?Noth ing but除了，只有：I did nothing but watch it.Or表示否则：如：Hurry up or you will miss the train.for表示后面的句子是原因。如：He is good at piano for he practices harder thanothers.Not onlybut also仅而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列 时，谓语要就近一致。如: Not

10、 only he but also I am a nurse.As well as以及，同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前 面的主语变化.如：He works as well as he canEither既又，或或，并列主、谓、宾、表及状语，如：Eithercome in orgo out.4 / 11Neithern既不也不，并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语 就近一致。如：Neither you nor he is lazy.Bothan和，既也，并列主、谓、宾及表语。lean speak both En glish and French.nor也不，引导句子要倒

11、装。如：He cannot play the pia no, nor can I.so因 此，所以，不和because连用。如：You like swimming, so do 1.1从属连词的用 法：从属连词有：after, when, before, as,while, since, until, till, if,unless, because, than, that, whether, so thatafter表示 时间”， 在 之后。 如：After I finished the school, I became a workerin the factory.Although/tho

12、ugh表示让步， “尽管”。如：Although she is young, she knowsa lot.as表示时间，当时”，方式 象：原因，由于、因为”让步，尽管、虽 然”。如：As itwas rainy, we couldnt go out now.As if/as though表方式， “似乎、好像 ”。如：He told us such a story as thoughhe hadbeen there before.As long as/so long as表条件， 只要”。女口：As long as I am here, Ill go tohelpyou.As soon as

13、表时间， 一就”女口：I will call you as soon as I come back.because表原因， 因为”。如：I have to practice more because I am not goodat English.before表时间，在之前。 如：You should think more before you do it.Even if/ even though表让步， “即使”。如：You should try again even if youfailed.Hardlywhe表时间，刚）一就”女口：Hardly I entered the gate wh

14、enthebell rang.if假“如”，引导条件状语从句。如：We will stay at home if the rain doesnstop.是“否”，引导宾语从句。如; I dont know if he goes shopping.In order that表目的， “为了，以便 ”。如：We study hard in order that we canpass theexam.No matter +疑问词表让步，“无论，不管 ”。如：No matter what you do,youshould try your best.5 / 11No soonertha表时间，刚一就”

15、女口：No sooner had I come homethanit began to rain.once表时间， 一旦”女口：Once you read this book, youII never forgetit.since表时间，自从以来”女.:He has been in this city since he left school表原因， “既然，由于 ”。如: Since the job is dangerous, lets do it more carefully.so faras/as far as表条件， 就而言，就 而论”如：As far as I know, it is

16、 easyfor you to speak inEnglish.So that表目的， 以便” 女口：Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.Sotha表结果 女口此，以致”女口：He got up so early that he caught the earlybus.than表示比较，比” 女口：Things were worse than we thought.unless表条件， “除非，如果不 ”。如：You will fail in the test unless you studyhard.Until/till表时间， 直到为

17、止”女口：Ill wait till my mother comes back.when表时间，“当时 。如：When they got there, the train has left.whether是否”引导“ 名词性从句。如：Whether he can come to see us isunknown.表让步，“不管/无论、是否 ”。如：Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.while表时间，当时” 女口：While he was in Beijing, he visited the GreatWall.whenever表时

18、间，“无论什么时候 ”。 如：Whenever you meet any trouble, tellme at once.实战演练(2X50)1.-How old are you?-Im fifteen. I was born _ 1990.A. in B. at C. on2. I study for a test _ working with a group.A. in B. by C. at3. A tsun ami(海啸)happe ned in some souther n Asia ncountries_ December, 2004.A. at B. on C. in6 / 11

19、4. Tims mum is worried _ h e r sons study as he plays computergamestoo much.A. for B. about C. with5. We should return the books to the library _ t i m e .A. about B. on C. by6. _ your help, my maths has improved a lot.A. With B. Without C. Under7. A thief stole my wallet_ the night of May 1st.A. at

20、 B. in C. on8. James is looking _ his cat everywhere. Have you seen it ?A. like B. at C. for9. Itsanlwoat ys necessary to look up the words _ the dictionarywhilereading. Sometimes we need to guess.A. on B. in C. at10. Zhangjiajie is famous _ its beautiful mountains.A. from B. at C. for11._Children g

21、et gifts _ Christmas andtheir birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in12. The plane is starting_five minutes.A. in B. at C. for13. Lucy sits_ the third row, _ Jims right.A. on; on B. in; at C. in; on14.Shanghai is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China.A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to7 /

22、 1115. 1 like rice dumplings _ meat _ them.A. in; on B. with; on C. with; in16. When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us.A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from17. He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in18. This kind of TV is made_ China. .A. in B. f

23、rom C. at19. There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. in B. on C. at20. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to21.Some planes are flying_ the city.A. through B. over , C. on ,22. A mother camel was walking _ her son _ the desert.A. without; along B. with; throu

24、gh C. next to; pass23. The river runs_ the city.A. cross B. through C. over24. My uncle lives _ 56 Changan Street.A.on B. of C. at25. They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. for; at26. Is there any difference _ these two sentences?A. for B. in C. between8 / 1127. Our headmast

25、er showed the visitors _ our school.A. to B. for C. around28. Nobody knew it _ me.A. except B. beside C. besides29. Do you know any other foreign language_ English.A. without B. beside C. besides30. - Can you play football?- Yes, I can, _ I cant play it very well.A. or B. and C. but31. There is some

26、thing wrong_my bike.A. at B. in C. with32. -His sudden death surprised his wife.-It was so bad. His wife was surprised _ his death.A. by B. with C. at33. Dont laugh_ him, everyone will make mistakes.A. at B. to C. about34. What did you have _ breakfast?A. at B. as C. for D. about35. He can speak Eng

27、lish_ Chinese.A. but B. also C. and36. Physics is not so easy, _I like it very much.A. but B. or C. since37. Will Tom wait for her at home _ at the library?A. or B. as C. so that9 / 1138. Ill give her the gift _ Mary arrives.A. so B. before C. as soon as39. The woman was_ angry_ she couldnt say anything.A. neither nor B. either40. I cant sleep well at night, _I often feel sleepy in the day.A. so B. because C. and41. Study hard, _ you will fall behind.A. and B. but C. or42. _ John _ I are policemen.A. Neither . nor B. Either . or C. Both . and43. He didnt go