英语：阅读理解解题指导--巧用构词法猜测词义

1、weightlifting Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. What does the word “shoplifter” mean? 商店里的小偷商店里的小偷 B. B. 商店里的推销员商店里的推销员 C.C.商店里的老客户商店里的老客户D.D.商店里的搬运工商店里的搬运工 shop+lifter shoplif

2、ter lifter n. 小偷小偷 Word Formation 构词法构词法巧用构词法原则帮助解答巧用构词法原则帮助解答 阅读理解中的猜测词义题阅读理解中的猜测词义题构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding) 转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY一、一、派生法派生法（Derivation）由词根由词根(root)加前缀加前缀（prefix）或后

3、缀或后缀（suffix）构成新词。构成新词。un-否定前缀否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non- understand politesmokeragreefairvisible Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , overeatabove sth; across overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenin

4、gs. (crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 动词前缀动词前缀enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrichSome important suffixes:-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj. sharpen v._strength _ bright With their s

5、hining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的二、二、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一个新词

6、。 For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的生死攸关的 Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. honest or practical实事求是，脚踏实地实事求是，脚踏实地 Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade an

7、d high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the high

8、light of those terrible endless years.tongue-tiedoverseashighlight三、三、转化法转化法（ Conversion ）由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。He is a man with broad shoulders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.n. v. take/bear So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, an

9、d think of something that gives you pleasureKeep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.calmupsetshurt Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.四、四、缩略法缩略法（ Abbreviation ）DVMVPSOSWWWDigital VideoMost Valuable PlayerSave Our ShipWor

10、ld Wide Web1It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.What does the word “mispresent ” mean? Making a wrong judgment about Understanding somebody wrongly Giving a wrong descri

11、ption of Forming a wrong opinion aboutmis- sth. is done wrong or badlypresent vt. describe2.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.The word “nonrecyclables” probably means? nonrecycling papers

12、 things that can not be recycled anything can be recycled recyclable thingsrecycle v. v. 使再循环，回收利用使再循环，回收利用recyclable adj. 可回收利用的可回收利用的nonrecyclable n. 不能回收利用的东西不能回收利用的东西3. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brainThe word “t

13、ransplant” probably means? To transport from one place to another To translate from one part to another To move from one part of the body to another To change one form to another.trans- changetransplant 移植移植transport 运输，交通运输，交通4.My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried, the more he pulled away.By saying “Karl became withdrawn” , the author means that the boy changed entirely and _. preferred to stay alone at home lost interest in his studies refused to talk to others began to dislike his mo