φ2600丙烯精馏塔设计（全套含CAD图+说明书+开题报告+翻译）
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毕业设计(论文)任务书学 院： 机械工程学院 题 目： 2600丙烯精馏塔设计 设计（论文）内容及要求：一、 已知设计参数:操作压力 17.5atm（表）操作温度 51入塔物料 丙烯塔高50.5米，塔径2.6米 塔类型 板式塔环境 衡阳室外二、设计内容及设计工作量要求：（1）按所给设计参数完成丙烯塔的施工图设计；（2）绘制设计图纸总计3张零号以上，其中要求手工绘图1张壹号以上；（3）设计说明书字数不少于1.5万字，并要求统一用A4纸打印；（4）翻译3千左右汉字量的与毕业设计有关的英文资料；（5）撰写相当于3百汉字的英文摘要。三、主要参考资料： 化工设备设计全书（塔设备） 化工原理 化工工艺设计手册 GB150-1998钢制压力容器 指导教师： 年 月 日毕业设计开题报告设计题目2600丙烯精馏塔设计设计题目来源自 选设计题目类型工程设计起止时间一、设计依据及研究意义：丙烯是制造聚丙烯、丙烯酸酯、环氧氯丙烷、异辛醇等塑胶原料及聚丙烯晴等人造纤维或其他石化品之主要原料。其中用来制造汽油占大多数，在化学品用途中约有25%是用来制造其衍生物聚丙烯；另外亦多应用在制造环氧丙烷、异丙醇、异丙苯和丙烯月青等等，一般人所熟知的许多消费性商品如地毯、捆带、汽车零件塑胶、玩具、漆料等，都是由丙烯制造出。二、设计主要研究的内容、预期目标（技术方案、路线）：本次设计的是丙烯精馏塔。设计包括的主要内容：物料衡算、热量衡算、塔设备的工艺设计（塔内径、塔高、封头、填料、进出口接管及裙座等）等。并对其进行强度计算及校核，绘制图纸等。技术方案及路线：首先进行物料衡算和热量衡算，然后进行塔设备的尺寸计算，最后进行强度计算和校核。三、设计的研究重点及难点：重点是：物料衡算、热量衡算和塔设备的尺寸计算和确定以及强度计算和校核。难点是：一、其难点为塔内的物料及热量衡算，并对其进行比较准确的计算。二、由于本次设计的塔是满足常压下大能力的生产，其难点是对塔高、塔内径以及壁厚等进行比较优化的设计。三、由于本次设计的塔为高压塔而且考虑了各种载荷，其难点是对塔体以及一些塔内件的强度计算及校核。四、设计研究方法及步骤（进度安排）：1月4日至1月8日：了解我们所要设计的试验装置，为进行设计做准备； 1月8日至1月17日：查阅资料，找设计依据，理出设计思路； 3月1日至4月10日：算数据，求得设计的各种依据； 4月11日至5月12日：设计，画出设计图纸； 5月13日至5月26日；整理图纸，进行打印。写出设计说明书并校核。 5月26日至5月29日：准备答辩。五、进行设计所需条件： 1、要有充分的资料（在图书馆查阅与尿素合成相关的书籍，进行筛选，选出有用的信息）。 2、设计所需设计方法、软件、工具等。六、指导教师意见： 签名： 年 月 日文献翻译 Cleaning valve tower China Blue Star Chemical Cleaning Company, LanzhouAbstract ：In this paper, the point of view of cleaning valve tower had a brief introduction, and several conventional cleaning methods were compared, using organic acids as the main cleansing agent, on the whole float valve tower full of forced circulation is a safe cleaning , reliable, mature cleaning methods.Keywords ：Valve tower；all full； organic acids； cleaningOne PrefaceTower equipment is petroleum, chemical and other industrial production in the body with a wide range should be an important production equipment, Its main function is to provide sufficient gas-liquid two-phase contacts, The two phase mass transfer and heat transfer effects can be effectively carried out. Therefore, the tower set up the necessary gas liquid contact component. According to the different components of gas-liquid contact, The types of towers can be divided into contact with the plate level and continuous contact tower packing tower. Valve tray is belonging to column tower.Second the structure of valve tower featuresValve tower towers along the inside of the tower height, Equipped with a multi-layer separated by a certain distance of the valve tray. Valve tray is used in the fifties a new type of plate, which is opening in the plate, hole placement can be up and down the top of the valve that is floating valve, the valve can be increased with changes in volume automatically aperture adjustment. Tray-type form of the general sub-block and sub-block two. Tower Drive-ho for the 600-700 millimeters tower, the use of block-type tray, between the tube support plate. Tower diameter greater than 800 millimeters of the tower block the use of sub-tray, put the body in the welding in the tower wall fixed items on the tray. The form of many valve, common-type F1 floating valve (V1 said foreign-type float valve), V4type and T-valve float valve, etc., with F1type valve is most widely used.Presentation from the front we can see the float valve tower structure has the following characteristics (from the point of view of cleaning):(1) valve structured tower geometry, symmetry good(2) tower valve tray with the surface level, uneven wall(3) the surface of each tower arrangementThere are many components, such as the downcomer, overflow weir, the liquid disk, float valve, so that the surface of rugged tray.Third several commonly used methods of cleaning valve assessment of the applicability of tower cleaningOf large-capacity tank, tanks, washing towers, we used sand blasting cleaning methods to clean, high pressure water jet cleaning, spray cleaning, foam cleaning, gum paste cleansing and forced tribute to swallow the whole ring full of cleansing.1.Blasting CleaningThat is, the use of high-speed air stream, mixed with quartz sand and other abrasive, sharp in the flow body to combat the dirt was cleaned surface layer, and peeling off layers of dirt removed from the system. This law applies to open, Wide ,emptythe appearance of the large container and the detergent, such as steel for rust, such as cabin cleaning.The valve tower, its internal components more space to operate, not available in the construction of sand blasting.2.High-pressure water jet cleaningThat is, with high pressure water jet smash dirt floor, so that dirt off floor and exposed metal surfaces, the use of three-dimensional nozzle of the container surface can be completely cleaned of the jet. Although high-pressure water jet for cleaning rust large plot feasible, but easy to generate the second floating rust, so are used to clean stainless steel equipment for the tower such as the internal valve components of complex, small high-shaped device, the limitations of their cleansing and could be even greater.3.spray Cleansing In the cleaning process, using spray ring or other device to be sprayed evenly spraying cleaning fluid at the top of the equipment in the face of it, relying on the weight of liquid cleaning along the vessel wall down, so that cleaning fluid in the inner surface with the cleaning full scale infiltration and chemical reaction, to the purpose of dissolving scale decontamination.With spray valve tower on the washing, If the operation of conventional methods,Even some of the negative plate inside containers are easy to wash drain phenomenon, the formation of dead-end cleaning. To improve this situation, Practice in the washing drum used to simulate the way gas valve tower workSo that the cleaning fluid to clean the surface with a full contact, was more perfect cleaning result. This drum control gas cleaning has become the key If they are to clean the scene less than gas or inert gas instability, lack of experience of construction workers, Cleaning effect will be affected so that different levels of cleaning left corner to the next step and, passivation difficult to perfect manner.When cleaning spray and clean the surface is not uniformly exposed to simultaneously cleaning fluid, there may be some areas washed by the cleaning fluid of some strong, adequate, and weak areas of a number of cleaning agents is lower in the case of flow rate. With a metal cleaning liquid electrolyte with the same access to its concentration, temperature, flow rate, dissolved oxygen conditions, such as a discrepancy between the electrolyte system may lead to concentration cell corrosion. In addition, because the spray process, the cleaning fluid to clean the surface with different exposure to the situation, could cause corrosion in metal surface cleaning uneven or incomplete film, part of the impact of membrane integrity and incomplete part of the metal potential become the formation of micro-cell corrosion.When Cleansing spray, due to cut-off the flow of sprayers and the composition of many small holes, often to plug holes impurities, improper handling will also affect the cleaning result.Although the spray used to clean with a cleaning medium small, economical and practical, simple to operate, but its higher subjective and objective requirements, potential non-uniform corrosion caused by a number of factors. Therefore, when used, must be carefully weighed against the multi-attitude, designed to operate carefully. A slight mistake, it is possible to affect the cleaning result.4.Foam Cleansing Blowing agent is about to join in the spraying of cleaning agents to the device itself, blown inert gas, so that containers full of foam, which was cleaned to remove surface dirt. However, this method is still in bubble clean research and development stage, the scene in the use of less cleaning.5. Gum paste cleaningCleansing with cleansing cream that is to join the cleaning agent in thickening agent, applied in the cleaning surface, to be a chemical reaction after the end of cleaning paste to remove. Gum paste is generally used to clean the outer surface of the cleaning equipment, if the wall for the container handling equipment inside the container should be large construction space and good ventilation conditions. Therefore, this adhesive paste on the valve tower cleaning does not apply, even if putting it into effect, the workload likely to be considerable.6.The whole cycle of a mandatory cleaningCleaning cycle is the most commonly used in chemical cleaning and a clean most mature technology, In full after emptying valve can completely eliminate the dead-end cleaning houses, cleaning fluid can maintain a certain temperature and concentration in contact with the dirt a long time, the reaction to fully complete, generally to achieve a satisfactory cleaning effect. Several other means of cleansing, the use of recycling technology for cleaning valve tower, but also have the following characteristics:(A) if a reasonable piping, cleaning liquid can be filled every corner of the equipment and the full cycle, from the internal valve components Tower Complex Miscellaneous restrictions.(B) the cleaning liquid to a certain degree of temperature, flow velocity was evenly to clean metal surface, reducing the formation of micro-cell corrosion Opportunities.(C) the use of sand blasting, high pressure water jet, spray, foam, gum paste, such as cleaning technology for cleaning valve tower, the requirements of each valve in the tower from its isolation from the system, respectively, to conduct an independent cleaning and its connection to the pipeline or other ancillary equipment can not be implemented simultaneously cleaning. Cleaning cycle and the use of technology, not only through the rational allocation of control of the valve tower to carry out effective cleaning itself, but also for materials connected with the pipeline, condenser, reboiler, preheater can also be a good cleaning. Therefore, this cleaning technology is particularly applicable to valve tower including complete sets of devices, including the cleaning system.(D) adopt the cycle of cleaning technology for cleaning valve tower, to be consuming a large number of chemical cleaning agents, this technology if the dry cleaning device complete each of the pharmaceutical, after cleaning by a simple treatment, and then add some fresh Pharmacy, the next system can be used for cleaning, so that the cleansing effect of both the guarantee and ensure the cleansing of the economy.Through the above comparison, the assessment, it is not difficult to draw, circulation cleaning technology for cleaning valve tower of the applicability of the strongest, all full of forced circulation cleaning is a safe and reliable method of cleaning.Fourth the choice of cleaning agentIn order to meet the equipment needs of the mechanical strength to adapt to different operating conditions, valve towers tower wall, plate, valves, etc. in the manufacturing process in the material are very stringent. In many cases there is a tower wall, plate, valves, such as the phenomenon of different materials. Such as choice of carbon steel tower wall, tray, choice of valves made of stainless steel materials for the tower wall, tower component tray for the imported materials used cast iron, or stainless steel valves, such as carbon steel. In the cleaning process of cleaning agent or inhibitor, if the choice is not very appropriate, in between two different metals are particularly vulnerable to produce galvanic corrosion, Lead to the failure of cleaning. Therefore, the washing tower valve, the cleaning agent of choice must be careful. According to reports, a Jilin factory tower valve for chemical cleaning, the cleaning agent selection decisions hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid to clean the former did not verify the reliability, resulting in valve plate Tata corrosion was serious consequences. Therefore, in order to ensure that the cleaning safety, we generally use a more gentle nature, applicable to a wide range of material than the organic acid as the primary cleaning agent, such as citric acid, amino acid and so on.Fifth conclusions and direction to improveCleaning technology is currently limited to the status quo, The use of organic acids on the nature of soft valve tower to impose a mandatory cycle of washing the whole can be regarded as a safe, reliable, mature cleaning methods.However, this method also has obvious drawbacks, for consuming a large number of chemical cleaning agents, waste water treatment capacity, and higher costs. Especially for large volume or ultra-high tower of the float valve is cleaned, the equipment should also be considered the base of support for the cleaning liquid capacity, the limitations on the even bigger. In order to make the cleaning valve tower secure, the economy, we need to do a lot of work. Spray cleaning is an effective cleaning technology, Promote the advantages and overcome the shortcomings if we can make it more perfect, then spray valve technology on the tower will be able to enhance the applicability of cleaning. Cascade cycle technology is the expansion of technology, such as technology can be used to cascade tower cleaning valve, the valve tower current full cycle greatly reduced the cost of cleaning, then the tower will be the future of the cleaning valve have a certain significance.浮阀塔的清洗雷志宏中国蓝星化学清洗总公司，兰州摘要：本文从清洗的角度对浮阀塔进行了简单的介绍, 并对几种常规的清洗方式进行了比较, 用有机酸作为主清洗剂, 对浮阀塔进行全充满强制循环清洗是一种安全、可靠、成熟的清洗方法。关键词：浮阀塔；全充满； 有机酸； 清洗一、前言塔设备是石油、化工等工业生产中广泛应塔身用的重要生产设备,它的主要功能是为气液两相提供充分接触的机会, 使两相间的传质及传热作用能够有效地进行。因此, 塔内设置有供气液接触的必要构件。根据气液接触构件的不同, 塔的种类可分为逐级接触的板式塔和连续接触的填料塔。浮阀塔属于板式塔。二、浮阀塔的结构特点浮阀塔的塔体内部沿着塔的整个高度, 装有多层相隔一定距离的浮阀塔板。浮阀塔板是五十年代开始使用的一种新型塔板, 它是在板上开孔, 孔的上方安置有可以上下浮动的阀片即浮阀, 阀片可随上升气量的变化而自动调节开度。塔板形式一般分整块式及分块式两种。塔径为六百到七百豪米的塔, 多采用整块式塔板, 塔板之间用管子支承。塔径大于八百毫米的塔, 采用分块式塔板, 装于焊在塔体内壁的塔板固定件上。浮阀的形式很多, 常见的有F1型浮阀（国外称V1型浮阀）,V4型浮阀和T型浮阀等, 其中以F1型浮阀应用最为广泛。从前面的介绍中我们可以看到浮阀塔具有以下的结构特点（从清洗的角度而言）：（1）浮阀塔的几何外形规整, 对称性好（2）浮阀塔内表面上逐级装有塔板, 内壁不平整（3）各塔板板面上布置有许多构件, 如降液管、溢流堰、受液盘、浮阀等, 使塔板表面凹凸不平。三、常用的几种清洗方式对浮阀塔清洗适用性的评估对大容量的槽、罐、塔器进行清洗, 我们通常采用的清洗方式有喷砂清洗、高压水射流清洗、喷淋清洗、泡沫清洗、胶糊清洗和全充满强制贡吞环清洗等。1.喷砂清洗即使用高速气流, 混入石英砂等研磨剂,在流体内锐利地打击被清洗表面的垢层, 并将剥落的垢层清除出系统。本法适用于敞开、空阔的超大容器内外表而的除垢, 如用于钢板除锈、船舱除垢等。对于浮阀塔而言, 其内部构件较多, 操作空间狭小,不具备喷砂的施工条件。2.高压水射流清洗即用高压喷射水流粉碎垢层, 使垢层脱落而露出金属表面, 使用三维空间喷头可对容器内表面进行完全的射流清洗。高压水射流虽然对于大而积除锈除垢可行, 但易生成二次浮锈, 所以多用于不锈钢设备的清洗对于象浮阀塔这类内部构件复杂、细高形的设备, 其清洗的局限性就更大。3.喷淋清洗即在清洗过程中, 借助喷淋环或其他的喷洒装置将清洗液均匀地喷洒于设备顶部的内表面上, 依靠清洗液的重量沿壁下流, 使清洗液在各个内表面与被清洗的垢充分浸润并发生化学反应, 达到溶垢去污的目的。用喷淋法对浮阀塔进行清洗, 若用常规的操作方法, 塔板反面甚至部分容器内壁上均易产生漏洗现象, 形成清洗死角。为改善这一状况, 在清洗实践中通常采用鼓气的方法来模拟浮阀塔的工作情况, 以便使清洗液与被清洗表面全面充分接触, 获得较为完美的清洗效果。这样对鼓气的控制便成为清洗的关键, 若遇到清洗现场惰性气体气量不足或不稳, 施工人员经验欠缺, 都会使清洗效果受到影响留下不同程度的清洗死角, 使下一步的中和、钝化难以完美地进行。 喷淋清洗时, 各清洗表面不是同步均匀地接触到清洗液, 可能存在有的地方受清洗液的冲刷强一些、充分一些, 另外的地方弱一些清洗剂的流速低一些的情况。同一种金属与同一 清洗液电解质接触, 因其浓度、温度、流速、溶解氧等某一条件在电解质体系中出现差异有可能导致浓差电池腐蚀。另外, 由于在喷淋过程中, 清洗液与被清洗表面的接触状况不同, 可能使缓蚀剂在被清洗金属表面成膜不均匀或不完全, 影响膜完整部分和不完整部分的金属电位, 成为形成微电池腐蚀的原因。 喷淋清洗时, 由于喷洒器的流通截而由许多小孔组成,
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