干涉仪与应用 12-5

1、第五节第五节 典型的双光束干涉系统及其应用典型的双光束干涉系统及其应用1 1、斐索、斐索 ( ( Fizeau Fizeau ) ) 干涉仪：干涉仪：等厚干涉等厚干涉型的干涉仪型的干涉仪L3GL2PQL1激光平面干涉仪激光平面干涉仪1）激光平面干涉仪的组成和工作原理参考习题集参考习题集p.119,p.119,例例8-118-11ae2 2）主要用途）主要用途 测定平板表面的平面度和局部误差 测量平行平板的平行度和小角度光楔的楔角 测量透镜的曲率半径第五节第五节 典型的双光束干涉系统及其应用典型的双光束干涉系统及其应用1 1、斐索干涉仪：等厚干涉型的、斐索干涉仪：等厚干涉型的干涉仪干涉仪测量平行

2、平板的测量平行平板的平行度平行度和小角度光楔的和小角度光楔的楔角楔角L3GL2QL1激光平面干涉仪激光平面干涉仪ea1 1、斐索干涉仪：等厚干涉型的干涉仪、斐索干涉仪：等厚干涉型的干涉仪Dh R1R2PQ281182212NhkDRRDh 测量透镜的曲率半径测量透镜的曲率半径牛顿环牛顿环球面干涉仪（测球面的曲率半径球面干涉仪（测球面的曲率半径/测量球面误差）测量球面误差）LLLLPQ22 nHee注意应用比例关系：条纹条纹分析分析基本特点：1、属于等厚干涉2、干涉光束选择灵活，对应不同的定域面位置。重点掌握：1、光程差与厚度的关系。2、厚度变化与条纹弯曲方向的关系。3、干涉间距与条纹移动的关系

3、。 小小 结结2 2、迈克尔逊干涉仪、迈克尔逊干涉仪（The The MichelsonMichelson interferometer interferometer）Extended sourceBeam splitter Reflective coating MirrorCompensating plate 1 1）干涉仪结构）干涉仪结构 扩展光源照明扩展光源照明 平面反射镜平面反射镜 分光板和补偿板分光板和补偿板 汇聚透镜汇聚透镜2 2）干涉原理）干涉原理Extended sourceBeam splitter Reflective coating MirrorCompensating

4、plate 2 2）干涉条纹的性质）干涉条纹的性质 平行平板的等倾干平行平板的等倾干涉涉 楔板的混合干涉楔板的混合干涉 等厚干涉等厚干涉（光束入射角小（光束入射角小/ /楔板楔板角度小角度小/ /板厚不大）板厚不大） 条纹的移动规律条纹的移动规律（分等厚、等倾两种分等厚、等倾两种）2 2、迈克尔逊干涉仪、迈克尔逊干涉仪（The The MichelsonMichelson interferometer interferometer）定域面位置不同（）光程差变化量：（注意：221SS掌握：掌握：（1 1）系统结构，）系统结构，（2 2）M1M1或或M2M2垂直垂直于光线移动时于光线移动时对条纹的

5、影响对条纹的影响其他改进型结构：光源其他改进型结构：光源3 3、泰曼干涉仪（、泰曼干涉仪（TwymanTwyman interferometer interferometer）特点：在迈克尔逊干涉仪的一个光路中特点：在迈克尔逊干涉仪的一个光路中加入了被测光学器件加入了被测光学器件Contour linesFringes of equal thickness4 4、马赫曾德干涉仪、马赫曾德干涉仪（Mach-ZehnderMach-Zehnder interferometer interferometer）测量光一次通过被测域测量光一次通过被测域It is preferred to measuri

6、ng large transparent objects.1）应用场合和测量的基本原理2）干涉仪结构3）条纹性质分析Armand H. L. FizeauArmand H. L. Fizeau (1819-1896), French physicist, was born of a wealthy French family that enabled him to be financially independent. Instead of shunning work, however, he devoted his life to diligent scientific experiment

7、. His most important achievement was the measurement of the speed of light in 1849.Albert Abraham Michelson (1852-1931) was born in Strelno, Prussia. He moved to the United States with his parents when he was 2. He graduated from, and taught at, the U. S. Naval Academy and later worked at the Case S

8、chool of Applied Science, Clark University and the University of Chicago. In 1907 he was awarded the Nobel prize in physics, the first American scientist to be so honored. Albert Abraham MichelsonMichelson is best known for his precise determination of the velocity of light, for inventing the interf

9、erometer that bears his name. He also made noteworthy contributions to astronomy, spectroscopy and geophysics, was proficient in tennis and other sports, played the violin, and liked to paint landscapes.Albert Abraham MichelsonHe is a manager, at Adam Hilger Ltd., astronomical and optical instrument makers in