跨文化交际视听说ReviewPPT课件

1、Review12021/6/7Chapter 1 Culture 1. Defining Culture Culture refers to the total way of living of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people think, say, do and make. Culture is a whole collection of our living patterns and behaviors. 2. Metaphors of Culture 3. Charact

2、eristics of Culture 4. Subculture and Coculture22021/6/7Chapter 2 Communication 1. Defining Communication the process in which participants create and share information with one another as they move toward reaching mutual understanding. 2. A Model of Communication32021/6/7Section B Reading: Communic

3、ationChannelNoiseCommunicator BDecodingResponseReceiver/SenderEncodingChannelFeedback/Message Message/FeedbackCommunicator AEncodingSender/ReceiverResponseDecodingNoiseCommunication context42021/6/7Chapter 3 Intercultural Communication 4. Elements of Intercultural Communication 1) perception variabl

4、es: beliefs, attitudes, values and worldviews 2) verbal process: An individuals culture shapes the meaning of a verbal message . 3) nonverbal process: body language, time and space, etc. 4) contexts : business , education and health care52021/6/7Chapter 4 Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks model What is valu

5、e? A principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable62021/6/7 Kluckhohn and Strodbecks Model Range of ValuesHuman natureBasically goodMixture of good and evilBasically evilRelationship between humans and natureHumans dominateHarmonyNature dominateRelationship between humans Indivi

6、dualGroup orientedCollateralPreferred personalityDoingGrowingBeingTime orientationFuture orientedPresent orientedPast oriented72021/6/7Chapter 5 Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Individualism vs. Collectivism Comparison of the major characteristics of individualism and collectivism Power Distance The d

7、egree to which the culture accepts the unequal distribution of power Cultures with a high power distance index: accept inequality; vertical and hierarchical; authoritarian-style communication Cultures with a low power distance index: more horizontal; fighting for equal treatment and questioning auth

8、ority Mexico; North America; children raised in high-power distance cultures and low- power distance cultures82021/6/7Chapter 5 Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Uncertainty Avoidance norms, values and beliefs related to the toleration of ambiguity. Cultures with a high uncertainty avoidance index: Cult

9、ures with a low uncertainty avoidance index: Masculinity vs. Femininity Masculine cultures: rigid gender roles, esteem achievement, success , money, self-reliance Feminine cultures: fluid gender roles, appreciate affection, compassion, interpersonal relationships, responsibility and nurture 92021/6/

10、7Chapter 6 Halls Culture Context Model modelA Brief Introduction to Edward Hall anthropologist the father of intercultural communication high-context culture and low-context culture In high context cultures: much information is implied in the context, little is provided in the verbal message itself

11、In low context cultures: the majority of the information is contained in the verbal code, and the message is stated clearly and explicitly102021/6/7Chapter 6 Halls Culture Context Model model Communication Styles Background information Face concerns Nonverbal codes In-groups and Out-groups Orientati

12、on to Time112021/6/7Chapter 7 Cultural Connotation in Language Language a set of codes and symbols, along with the rules for combining them with together. Language and Culture The Tower of Babel / Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Cultural Connotations Categories of Cultural Connotations 1) cC=cE 2) cCCE 3) cC

13、=0, cE 0 or cC 0, cE=0122021/6/7Chapter 8 Norms of Social Interaction Confusion and frustration in the intercultural communication the way in which they speak and the way which they interact with the native speakers Addressing Greetings Saying Goodbye Expressing Gratitude and Thanks132021/6/7Chapter

14、 9 Body Language Kinesics Kinesic behaviors gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, and other physical movements that can be used to communicateEmblemsIllustratorsAffect DisplaysRegulatorsAdaptors 142021/6/7Chapter 10 Time chronemics the study of how people use, structure, inter

15、pret, and understand time Time Orientations Time Systems Technical or scientific time systems Formal time systems Informal time systems A monochronic time system A polychronic time system152021/6/7Chapter 11 Space Proxemics Territory Territoriality A set of behaviors that people display to show that

16、 they “own” or have the right to control the use of a particular geographic area. Cultural differences in territoriality can be exhibited in three ways Personal space the portable territory with invisible boundaries that expand or contract depending on the situation. Four spatial zones or distance ranges162021/6/7Chapter 12 Ethnocentrism and Stereotypes Ethnocentrism What is ethnocentrism? How does ethnocentrism impede intercultural communication ? How can