复旦大学水平测试题答案及详解

1、复旦大学2008年优秀高中生文化水平选拔测试试卷答案及详解本试卷共30页，满分1000分；每题5分，共200题；考试时间为180分钟。考生注意：1答卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上都用钢笔或圆珠笔填写姓名、中学名称、准考证号，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写试卷类型(A卷或B卷)和准考证号。2本卷为单选题，由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂在答题卡上。在答题卡上，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择并填涂。答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。3本卷每题答对得5分，不答得O分，答错扣2分！1元施惠绿林寄迹：

2、“倚山为寨，号为拦路虎。金银财宝，劫来如粪土。”句中的“拦路虎”一语作_D_。 A补语 B状语 C动宾短语的宾语 D宾语【解答】D 号：自称为。为谓语。所以，拦路虎应该是宾语2下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是_C_。 A演绎 必竞 绊脚石 目不暇接 B去逝 耽搁 爆发力 举步维艰 C斡旋 戏谑 白内瘴 运筹帷幄 D贸然 简练 纪录片 舔犊情深【解答】CA毕竞 B 去世 D 舐犊情深 3鲁迅月界旅行七回：“那麦思敦更觉气色傲然，或饮或食，忽厢忽歌，大有，此间乐不思蜀之意。”与句中“乐不思蜀”构成反向意义的是_B_。 A留连忘返 B饮水思源 C乐而忘返 D乐不可支【解答】B乐不思蜀，是形容人因为

3、处在悠闲自在的环境中而忘本，所以反义应该是饮水思源4明归庄万古愁：“有几个狼奔豕突的燕和赵，有几个狗屠驴贩奴和盗。”与句中“狼奔豕突”近义的是_D_。 A鱼贯丽行 B狼吞虎咽 C狼狈不堪 D抱头鼠串【解答】D象狼那样奔跑,象猪那样冲撞.形容成群的坏人乱冲乱撞,到处骚扰.比喻敌人奔逃时 ,惊慌状态.也比喻敌人乱冲乱窜，所以D符合5张洁爱，是不能忘记的：“有人就会说你的神经出了毛病，或是你有什么见不得人的隐私，或是你政治上出了什么问题，或是你刁钻古怪，看不起凡人，不尊重千百年来的社会习惯，你准是个离经叛道的邪人。”句中“离经叛道，”的结构属于_B_。 A主谓式 B并列式 C偏正式 D连动式【解答】

4、B并列结构.离经:背离经典;叛道:违反教条,二者并列6下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一句是_C_。 A“学好语文的关键是什么?”他顿了一顿，郑重地说，“就是要注意日常积累和在课堂上认真听讲。” B“福娃妮妮”的造型创意来源于北京传统的沙燕风筝，“燕”还代表燕京，(古代北京的称谓)妮妮在体操比赛中登场，代表奥林匹克五环中绿色的一环。 C她每次去超市都会买很多零碎的东西，什么杏肉呀、酸奶呀、薯片呀，满满地装了一车。 D朋友问：“这条路谁能走通呢?”我干脆地回答：“我不知道这条路谁能走通?但我一定要坚定不移地走下去。”【解答】C 7艺术“天才”之所以为“天才”，最主要是指他有_ A_ 。 A独特的创

5、造力 B高超的技巧 C全面的知识 D很高的敏感度【解答】AB的错误很明显，因为高超的技巧是后天习得的，无关天才；D的错误在于，敏感度关系到的是艺术创作的第一个阶段艺术体验，但是对于艺术创作来说，三个阶段中最重要的是第二个阶段艺术构思和第三个阶段意象物化。而A独特的创造力关系到后两个阶段，所以A最重要。 8巴黎圣母院中的阿西莫多之所以荣获选丑冠军是因为_B_。 A他接近祖先形象 B他超越了动物的特征 C他极端丑陋而爱慕美色 D他行为不端【解答】B此题选B还是选C有争议用排除法： 首先排除D，因为没看到书中有这样的描写 排除A，我们的祖先是应该值得敬仰和崇拜的，如果这样也是对人类自身的污蔑 排除C

6、，爱美之心，人皆有之。卡西莫多也是普通人，爱慕美色是正常的 选B，因为他真的是丑到了足以挑战人脆弱的神经，但他的内心是无比美丽的，和他的外貌形成了强烈的对比，这也真是作家的意图所在。 9下列各句中，加下划线的词语使用恰当的一句是_C_。 A当下部分学者谈起理论来口若悬河，而遇到实际问题时却束手无策，这种述而不作的风气应该加以纠正。 B刘先生可是享誉海内外的大家，我们哪敢在您面前舞文弄墨呢?所谓“瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠”嘛！ C党员干部要多为群众办实事，做好事，长期口惠而实不至，党在群众心中的威信就会受损。 D在居委会张大妈的劝说下，吴师傅与邻居石大嫂终于和好如初，破镜重圆了。【解答】CA 只叙

7、述,只阐述而不创作; B避嫌的意思; D用于夫妻10在个性与社会性的矛盾统一中，个性是_A 。 A前提 B条件 C陪衬 D基础【解答】A个性是一个人成为一个人的标志，是一个人在他和周围环境相互作用过程中所表现出来的、区别于他人的、稳定的个人特点11下列句子中“怨”的含义与另三项不同的一项是_A_。A诗可以群，可以怨 B离群托诗以怨 C天下纷然，怨声载道 D屈平之作离骚，盖自怨生也【解答】AA发牢骚，讽谏B原句为“嘉会寄诗以亲，离群托诗以怨”，怨恨、哀怨C怨恨的声音充满道路 D怨恨12“予以乡闾故，幼而识之，知其志节，缓急可托者也。予之在朝，谷浮沉里中，未尝一见。绍圣初，予以罪谪居筠洲，自筠徙循

8、。”(苏辙巢谷传)与“予以罪谪居筠洲”句式相类的一项是_ D_ 。 A父中世，眉山农家也 B我泾原武夫，死非所惜 C及存宝得罪，将就逮，自料必死 D谷逃避江淮间【解答】D予以罪谪居（于）筠洲，“于”字是被省略的介词13.以下不属于社会悲剧的作品是 A_。 A安娜·卡列尼娜 B高老头 C玩偶之家 D奥狄浦斯王      【解答】A社会悲剧社会本身存在的种种不完善是悲剧的根源。19世纪现代化发展中的各类弊端开始在资本主义社会中出现，“自由、平等、博爱”的口号远远没有实现，于是社会悲剧就出现了。奥狄浦斯王是古希腊三大悲剧诗人之一的索福克勒斯

9、所写的最著名的悲剧，这部悲剧通过奥狄浦斯的命运，反映雅典自由民在社会灾难面前所感到的悲观愤懑的情绪。高老头是法国批判现实主义代表作家巴尔扎克的人间喜剧中最出色的画卷之一，小说中巴尔扎克形象塑造了一系列鲜明生动、富有典型意义的人物形象，揭露了法国复辟王朝尔虞我诈的社会中金钱至上的观念的罪恶。 易卜生的玩偶之家是通过人物的悲剧反映社会问题的悲剧。 “幸福的家庭都相似，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。”安娜 卡列尼娜 是法国著名作家小仲马笔下的一个浪漫的爱情悲剧14莎士比亚剧中人物哈姆雷特致死的原因是他的_B_。 A贪婪的野心 B多疑和寡断 C嫉妒的烈火 D轻信和暴躁【解答】B其根源在于哈姆雷特优

10、柔寡断的性格，性格决定命运，哈姆雷特的悲剧性格为他的悲剧命运埋下了伏笔15下列各句中，语意明确的一句是_B_。 A小李说王主任是靠关系来到广告部的，在场的人没有不对此感到气愤的。 B我第次接触时，他还只是个十几岁的小孩子，现在都大学毕业而目工作两年了。 C后勤主任不无骄傲地说，新教师宿舍已经建好了，下个月就可以入住。 D讨论会上主任又提了几个建议，可是他没有听取主任的建议，从大局出发，对这套方案加以修改。【解答】BA“此”指代不明；C到底是指新教师的宿舍，还是指教师的新宿舍，有歧义；D“从大局出发，对这套方案加以修改”到底是主任的意见，还是他自己的主意，有歧义。16“爱屋及乌”属于_B_。 A

11、相似联想 B接近联想 C对比联想 D对立联想【解答】B接近联想是根据事物之间在空间或时间上的彼此接近进行联想的思维方式。17余光中娓娓与喋喋：“吓得闭气都来不及了，哪里还听得进什么肺腑之言。此人的肺腑深深深几许，尚不得而知，他的口腔是怎么一回事，早已有各种菜味，酸甜苦辣地向你告密了。”其中“此人的肺腑深深深几许”一句化用了古人的诗句。其所化用的是_C_。A周邦彦 B苏轼 C欧阳修 D李清照【解答】C 原句是 ：庭院深深深几许18下列各句中，没有语病的一句是_B_。 A这个班的学习成绩一直在下滑，其根本原因是班级学习风气不正在作怪。 B合理的职业技术人才结构要求多类别的人才自成序列化，即不仅人才

12、形成了多种类别，而且每一种类别都由从低到高的不同层次的人才构成。 C巴基斯坦官员2005年11月8日宣布，南亚大地震使巴基斯坦在这场不幸的灾难中死亡人数已经超过8万人。 D虽然情感生活不是我们生活的全部，但谁又能否认它不是我们整个生命中的重要组成部分呢?【解答】B19下列艺术中，最贴近“抽象”方式的是_A_。 A书法 B现代“抽象艺术” C中国水墨画 D印象派绘画【解答】A“抽象”艺术指艺术形象较大程度偏离或完全抛弃自然对象外观的艺术20“青菜萝卜，各有所爱”指的是_C_。 A精神上的差异 B品味上的差异 C审美上的差异 D心理上的差异【解答】C“青菜萝卜，各有所爱”指的是每个人的审美观和价值

13、观都不同，不能一概而论 21揭示“道”的境界与道理的“佝偻承蜩”的故事出自_D_。 A论语 B孟子 C吕氏春秋 D庄子【解答】D“佝偻承蜩”或“承蜩之巧”比喻做事精专，全神贯注，方能成功。两眼只盯着蝉的翅膀，别的什么也不去看。 -先秦庄子庄周 22下列句子中“以”字用法与另三句不同的一项是_B_。 A然以其猛 B余以柳枝横扫之 C冉氏以是颇患苦狗 D盗惊以遁【解答】BA 因为; B 用 C因为 原文：县人冉氏，有狗而猛，遇行人，辄搏噬之，往往为所伤。伤则主人躬诣谢罪，出财救疗之，如是者数矣。冉氏以是颇患苦狗；然以其猛也，未忍杀，故置之。曰者冉氏有盗，主人觉之，呼二子起，操械共逐之，盗

14、惊而遁。 23中国画中，常用梅、兰、竹、菊来表示人格，这种方式涉及的意象类型是 _C_。 A仿象 B兴象 C喻象 D抽象【解答】C喻象比喻型意象；仿象模仿型的意象兴象为唐人殷潘所提出，强调艺术形象应具有兴的托物言志和喻情的作用；抽象是从众多的事物中抽取出共同的、本质性的特征，而舍弃其非本质的特征24下列语句中加下划线的熟语运用恰当的一句是 _C_。 A我的态度很鲜明，对“台独”分子的言论不能赞一辞，对他们的行为深恶痛绝。 B明日黄花今又艳，她因报考复旦大学博士研究生，再度成为新闻人物。 C做事要认真专一，一把钥匙开一把锁，这样才能把事做好。 D这点小错误算不了什么，不足为训，你不要记在心上。【

15、解答】CA提不出一点意见B比喻过时或无意义的事物或消息C指的是具体问题具体分析D不值得作为行为的准则或榜样，不值得仿效25对下列诗句的解释错误的一项是 _C_ 。 A明月不归沉碧海，白云愁色满苍梧。(说层层白云带着愁色，是拟人手法。) B月下飞天镜，云生结海楼。仍怜故乡水，万里送行舟。(“天镜”、“海楼”写荆门一带的奇妙美景，是比喻手法。) C螟虫喧暮色，默思坐西林。听雨寒更尽，开门落叶深。(运用反衬手法，以彻夜听雨反衬落叶之多。) D笔落惊风雨，诗成泣鬼神。声名从此大，汩没朝伸。(运用夸张手法，赞美诗人才华出众。) 【解答】C反衬手法是通过描写与主要对象相反的事物，借以衬托主要对象，作为一种

16、艺木表现手法26依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是 _A_。 (1)一个人如果_于过去的光辉业绩，那么“今天”就会一声不响地从他身边溜过。 (2)专业人士提醒留学者，不要等出了纠纷，权益受到_时才想起律师，应事先处理好有关事宜。 (3)_我们前一时期已经克服了工作上的许多困难，_今后的困难也同样能够克服。 A满足 损害 既然那么 B沉湎 伤害 既然那么 C满足 伤害 如果那么 D沉湎 损害 如果那么【解答】A 直接判断27古人云：“不知荣辱乃不能成人。”“宁可毁人，不可毁誉。”人作为一种社会性的存在，遵循一定的文明规范，知荣知辱，这样才能构成一个有序的社会。这充分说明_B_。 A人的

17、自然性和社会性共同构成了人的本质属性 B人的本质属性是社会性 C人的自然性和社会性相互制约 D人的社会属性是人类存在的前提和基础【解答】B社会性是人的本质属性，社会性揭示了人区别于其他动物的特殊本质28吴冠中在苹果颂一一感郑为著<中国绘画史>出版文中写道：“他任上海博物馆书画鉴定专职后，所读名画、杰作，数以万计，其爱好更及陶瓷、雕塑，目力洞悉古今中外，发表了不少具独到思考的论文与著作，而他始终未脱离画家生涯，深深体验着作为学者的心路历程。我早就感也应认真下功夫写部中国绘画史，一部史学家、艺评家和画家合作的中国绘画史。”对划线句子理解正确的一项是 _ D_ 。 A吴冠中说“早就感到他

18、应认真下功夫写部中国绘画史”，暗含对郑为没有及时、认真写出此书的委婉批评之意。 B吴冠中认为中国绘画史不是郑为个人能独立完成的，应该由史学家、艺评家和画家共同合作才能完成。 C吴冠中认为中国绘画史的写作应以郑为个人为主，同时还要吸收采纳史学、文艺评论等方面专家的意见。 D吴冠中认为郑为凭自己的才情阅历完全可以独立完成一部集史学家、艺评家、画家之长于一体的中国绘画史。【解答】D 29“少年不识愁滋味，爱上层楼；爱上层楼，为赋新词强说愁。而今识尽愁滋味，欲说还休；欲说还休，却道天凉好个秋。”辛弃疾的这首词从一个侧面反映了 _C_。 A人们对事物的看法受其世界观的影响 B亲身经验只是对事物现象的认识

19、 C人们对事物的认识有一个不断深化发展的过程 D人们对事物的认识有个从错误到正确的过程【解答】C 直接判断30孔子论语·季氏：“益者三友，损者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣；友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，损矣。”这里“友直，友谅，友多闻”的意思是 C_。 A朋友要正直，朋友要可靠，朋友要见闻广博。 B朋友要正直，朋友间要相互谅解，朋友要多听取别人意见。 C与正直的人交友，与信实的人交友，与见闻广博的人交友。 D以正直的人为友，以讲信用的人为友，以善于多听取别人意见的人为友。【解答】C 31名句“别有幽愁暗恨生，此时无声胜有声”出自_A_。 A白居易琵琶行(并序) B杜甫月夜忆舍弟 C陶渊明

20、饮酒 D马致远天净沙·秋思【解答】A 直接判断32下列各句中修辞方法使用不恰当的一句是_C_。 A树林是一片绿色的海洋，轻风是海洋的呼吸。 B珍珠是贝痛苦的结晶，是海的泪。 C面对风暴的欺凌，松柏挺胸不屈，杨柳弯腰逢迎，江河寂然无语，高山昂然抗争。 D太阳从地平线上露出笑脸，用她那柔美的金色手指，悄悄地捡走了草地上的珠玑。【解答】C本题考查根据语境判断修辞方法使用是否得当的能力。拟人是把物当作人来写，必须写出物所具有的特征，这个特征和人是相通的。“杨柳弯腰逢迎”这个拟人句没有抓住风暴来临时杨柳的特征，杨柳本来就是弯腰的；风暴来临时，江河不可能寂然无语，逻辑上讲不通。正确答案为C33A

21、t 85，Dons，single，diabetic and living、alone，was becoming increasingly forgetful and B_. Aacute Bfrail Csignificant Doffensive34. Just because you've got your degree doesn't mean that you can rest _C_ your laurels. A. with B. at C. on D. behind35. Professor Hill reveals the principles which _A

22、_ the political ideology and actions of the party during the 1920s. A. expounded B. erased C. embraced D. underlay36.In the popular Western imagination, India continues to be a country in backwardness and poverty with very little to show _A_ scientific innovation or technological-achievement. A. for

23、 want of B. in gratitude to C. by way of D. in contact with37. _A_ the quality of the runners, I think this week's 800 meters final could produce a new Olympic record. A. Judging from B. Be judged by C. Judged by D. To judge from38. Failure to _B_ with the regulations can result in a $20, 000 fi

24、ne or a six-month prison sentence. A. compete B. comply C. consult D. coincide39. We have to _D_ our original plan if unfortunately this one doesn't work out. A. fall under B. fall behind C. fall to D. fall back on40.It could soon be an offence to publish articles or photos which _B_personal rel

25、ationships, finances or health. A. intrude on B. tear at C. break up D. mess with41. You can _A_ the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat and the radiators. A. regulate B. enlarge C. itch D. elude42. Literary scholars are piecing together her last unpublished novel from _C_ of a rece

26、ntly discovered manuscript. A. portions B. sections C. fragments D. sessions43. I think you should examine their _C_ in offering to lend you the money. A. motivation B. stimulus C. motive D. compensation44. The assassination could do serious damage to the _D_ peace agreement that was signed last mon

27、th. A. delicate B.wretched C. organic D. fragile45. He has some information that I want so I'm going to try to _A_ it out of him over a drink. A. coax B. soothe C. commend D. commence46. Do you think you could _B_ something for banging my clothes on until I can get a wardrobe? A. ruffle B. contr

28、ive C. revive D. evoke47. The results of the recent research will _D_ the mystery of the creation of the Universe. A. bristle B. gleam C. glimpse D. illuminate48. Any manufacturer who does not conform to the standards could be _B_ under the Consumers Protection Act, 1987. A. condemned B. prosecuted

29、C. executed D. jettisonedIf all goes according to plan, the entire North American continent will become a free trade zone devoid of tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers some time during the 1990s. This plan is the result of recent agreements and discussions involving the United States and Canad

30、a on the one hand and the United States and Mexico on the other.Canada. Canada and the United States are already each others largest trading partners. In 1986, for example, the U.S. accounted for 71 percent of Canadian merchandise trade (exports plus imports); Canada accounted for 19 percent of U.S.

31、 trade. In 1988, a historic document was signed, the Canada-United States Free-Trade Agreement. In many respects, this event seems a natural consequence of long-standing friendship, common economic interests, and geographic proximity. Nevertheless, it took more than a century to reach agreement. In

32、the mid 1800s, after Great Britain repealed the Corn Laws, Canada proposed bilateral free trade with the United States, and a limited treaty covering natural products only was signed. However, it was abrogated during the Civil War by the United States because of close Canadian-British ties and Briti

33、sh support for the Confederacy. After more than a century of fluctuating sentiments on the issue, the 1988 agreement finally eliminates all bilateral tariffs (in stages to be completed by 1998) and all quantitative trade restrictions. The agreement, it was thought, would particularly boost trade in

34、agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, poultry),mining products (coal and oil), and services (banking, computer, insurance, professional and telecommunications services, plus retail and wholesale trade). Both countries expected net gainsbetween $1 :and 3 billion per year. Mexico. Mexico is the t

35、hird largest U.S. trading partner, accounting for 5 percent of U.S. exports plus imports (Canada and Japan account for 19 percent each); the U.S. accounts for two-thirds of Mexico's foreign trade. In 1987, the United States-Mexico Framework Understanding put in place the first procedures ever fo

36、r consultations regarding trade and, investment relations between these two countries. The mechanism was set up to resolve disputes and to negotiate the removal of trade barriers as supplement to GATT. In early 1991, genuine free trade discussions were set in motion and soon joined by Canada. The go

37、al was the creation of a hemispheric free trade zone reaching from the Yukon to the Yucatan and encompassing a market of over 360 million people. Analysts foresaw major gains associated with increased specialization and trade. They also predicted major adjustment costs in the United States where low

38、-skill jobs would be lost to thousands of low-wage assembly plants now clustered along the U.S.- Mexican border, while high-skill jobs ranging from architecture to engineering and telecommunications would get a noticeable export boost. Another likely consequence is that the future rise in real wages

39、 south of the border would slow the flow of illegal aliens into the United States.49. The main idea of this passage is that _A_. A. the new North American free trade zone will likely have many benefits for the countries involved B. the United States has made great contributions to the establishment

40、of free trade zones C. a North American free trade zone will give the United States significant advantages in its trade with Japan : D. free trade zones will prevent illegal immigrants from entering the United States50. The details given in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 _D_, A. emphasize t

41、he important role the United States played in the world trade B. provide evidence supporting a tentative conclusion C. illustrate how a free trade zone has worked in the past D. add believability to the statement that Canada and the United States are important trading partners51. The author's li

42、kely purpose in this passage is to _B_. A. convince B. evaluate C. argue for something D. criticize52. As used in line 5 Paragraph 3, the word abrogated means _A_. A. abolished B. abridged C. ignited suddenly D. ended formallyGeneral Electric has found robots far more productive in some work than hu

43、man workers In one case, a robot saved enough to pay for itself in ten months: At Ford Motor Company, about fifty small robots are deftlv fitting light bulbs into dashboards and speakers into car radios. The next phase of the computer revolution may well turn out to be the robot revolution Robots ha

44、ve been fixtures in comedy and science fiction for a long time, but the first industrial robot wasn't used in the United States until 1961. Industrial robots scarcely resemble the stereotyped humanoid with flashing eyes and a combinations chest. They're basically just combinations of a compu

45、ter with very deft and efficient producing machines. What's really new, of course, is the extent to which these electronic wonders are transforming the way people work and the composition of the work force, especially in Japan. There are about 36,000 robots working in Japan and approximately 6,5

46、00 in the United States. In early i982. Raymond Donovan, U.S. Secretary of Labor, predicted that by 1990 half the workers in U.S. factories would be specialists trained to service and repair robots. It's easy to see why these "steel-collar workers" can be preferable to their human coun

47、terparts. They cause fewer personnel problems: they're never absent, and the); never ask for more holidays, take vacations, or file grievances. They also give more consistent attention to quality control, are more efficient and effective performers, and are definitely cheaper to keep. Robots, wh

48、ich cost about $30,000 to $150,000 each, usually work two shifts a gay. The displaced workers would draw salaries and benefits of about $790,000 a year. However, robots still cannot replace all facets of the human worker. The automated factory is feasible, but when it comes to reason and informed de

49、cisions, robots are still in the same league with machines, at least for now.53. The details given in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 _B_. A. illustrate the technical superiority of Japanese technology over American technology B. show the growth in acceptance of robot workers worldwide C. de

50、monstrate the need to catch up with Japanese technology D. warn against the possibility that robot workers will displace human workers 54. In line 3 Paragraph 1, the word deftly means D A. clumsily B. swiftly C. expensively D. skillfully 55. In this passage the author shows bias in favor of _C_. A.

51、General Electric B. more factory personnel C. steel-collar workers D. Ford Motor Company 56. The writer of this passage probably _A_. A. sees a role for both robot and human factory workers B. wants to see more robots employed in factories C. feels threatened by robots D. believes robots make manufa

52、cturing much easierArguing that pop culture is not dumbing us down but making us more intelligent is guaranteed to generate media buzz. In the United States, Everything Bad is Good for You, the new book by the American pop science writer, Steven Johnson, has sparked a flurry of comment, much of it 5

53、7 his claims about the beneficial effects of watching reality TV and The Sopranos.Much attention has focused more on Johnson's observations that computer games require 58,forward planning, lateral thinking and sustained problem solving and, as such, offer a cognitive workout that can benefit 59 mental development.In the past few years academics