(英语)高考英语语法填空试题(有答案和解析)

1、（ 有答案和解析）一、语法填空1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。New Years Eve is the last day of the year. It is always an exciting time because people look forward to （welcome） a new year. It is also a good time to think back and say goodbyeto the old year. New Years Eve is a （nation） holiday for many peopl

2、e around the world.In a lot of countries , people go back to their hometown for the New Year, so usually the trains and buses（pack）with people. In England, there is always a New Years Eve party,is usually held at someones home and the host invites friends, families and neighbors. The living room bec

3、omes a mini disco as everyone dancesloudmusic.I have lots of good （memory） of New Years Eve . I once spent one freezing New YearsEve in Trafalgar Square in the center of London. It snowed and was （bitter） cold . I alsospent many wonderful New Years Eves in Japan. There, it is a tradition（visit） a sh

4、rine（ 圣坛 ）and pray for good things. I think wherever you are, New Years Eve is always excitingday. Maybe the last way to welcome the New Year （be）watching amazing fireworksdisplays in the worlds cities.【答案】 welcoming ； national ； are packed ； which ； to ； memories ； bitterly ； to visit ； an ； is【解析】

5、 【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。作者回忆了除夕的许多美好记忆。（ 1 ）考查非谓语动词。句意：这总是一个令人兴奋的时刻，因为人们期待着迎接新的一年。 look forward to 固定短语， “期待 ”， to 是介词，后面接动名词，所以填 welcoming 。（ 2 ）考查形容词。句意：对世界各地的许多人来说，除夕是国家的假日。该空修饰名词holiday ，用形容词，所以填national 。（ 3 ）考查时态语态。句意：在很多国家，人们会回老家过年，所以通常火车和公共汽车上都挤满了人。描述经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时。 火车和公共汽车与挤

6、满 之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填are packed。（ 4 ）考查定语从句。句意：在英国，人们通常在某人家里举行新年晚会，邀请朋友、家人和邻居。 is usually held at someones home and the host invites friends, familiesand neighbors.是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a New Years Eve party,关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which 。（ 5 ）考查介词。句意：客厅变成了一个迷你迪斯科舞厅，每个人都随着响亮的音乐跳舞。dance to固定短语，随着起舞，故填to。（ 6）考查名词。句意：

7、我对除夕有很多美好的回忆。美好的回忆是复数意义，用名词复数，故填 memories 。（ 7）考查副词。句意：天下着雪，冷得刺骨。修饰形容词cold ，用副词，故填 bitterly 。（ 8 ）考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，参拜神社并祈求好运是一种传统。不定式作主语，一般用 it 作形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置，故填to visit 。（ 9）考查冠词。句意：我想无论你在哪里，除夕总是一个令人兴奋的日子。泛指一个令人兴奋的日子，exciting的首字母发音是元音，所以填不定冠词an。(10)考查时态。句意：也许迎接新年的最后一种方式是在世界各地的城市观看令人惊叹 的烟花表演。描述经常或

8、反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，所以填is。【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，形容词，时态语态，定语从句，介词，副词以及故此 等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根 据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientists say crocodiles have outlived dinosaurs some 65 million years. One reasonwhy they are such good(survive) is that th

9、ey can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters,(use) their strong jaws to bite their prey( 猎物)and then swallow it whole. When they lose a tooth they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000(tooth) in one lifetime!What does the expression crocodile tears mean?

10、 Simply put, crocodile tears are fake sadness. You pretend(cry) and feel bad for something when in fact you could not care (little). A great word to describe it is insincere. The phrase crocodile tears comes from an old myth that crocodiles would shed tears while eating their prey. A religious worke

11、r wrote that a crocodile found a man by the water, it would kill him if it could. Then the crocodile would cry tears on the man, but then finally swallow (he). Another myth suggests crocodile is very clever indeed. Crocodiles, the story goes, would cry tears as afalse show of guilt or sadness to tri

12、ck their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner.Scientists explain that crocodiles DO create tears, but they do not cry. The tears help to clean their eyes. Crying is purely emotional and it(reserve) for us humans.【答案】by; survivors ; using； teeth； to cry; less; if/when/once ; him； t

13、he; is reserved【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了短语鳄鱼的眼泪”的含义，它表示虚假的悲伤。科学家解释说，鳄鱼的确会流泪，但它们不会哭。眼泪有助于清洁他们的眼睛。哭纯 粹是感情用事，是人类的天性。(1)考查介词。句意：科学家说，鳄鱼比恐龙寿命长约6500万年。outlive by固定短语，比寿命长”，故填by。(2)考查名词。句意：它们是如此优秀的幸存者的一个原因是它们可以长时间不吃东西。根据上文 good为形容词修饰名词可知应填名词survivor幸存者”，且主语they are可知应填复数形式，故填survivors o(3)考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是专业的捕猎者，用

14、它们强有力的下颗来咬它们的猎物，然后把它整个吞下去。本句中use做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语 they构成主动关系用现在分词，故填using o(4)考查名词。句意：一条鳄鱼一生能咬掉8000颗牙！tooth为可数名词，由 8000修饰应用复数形式，故填 teeth。(5)考查非谓语动词。句意：你假装哭泣，为某事感到难过，而实际上你根本不在乎。 pretend to do sth.固定短语 假装做某事”，故填to cry。(6。考查形容词。句意：你假装哭泣，为某事感到难过，而实际上你根本不在乎。根据 上文you could not可知为 否定词+形容词比较级”表示最高级结构，故填 less。(7)

15、考查连词。句意：如果 /当/一旦一条鳄鱼在水边发现了一个人，它会杀死他。本句可理解为条件状语从句，表示如果”，可填if;也可理解为时间状语从句，表示当时候”或 忆旦“，可填 when 或 once, 故填 if/when/once 。(8)考查代词。句意：然后鳄鱼会对着他哭，最后把他吞下去。做动词 swallow的宾语应 用人称代词的宾格形式，故填 him。(9)考查冠词。句意：另一个传说表明鳄鱼确实很聪明。此处表示特指鳄鱼”这个物种，应用定冠词，故填 the。(10)考查时态语态。句意：哭纯粹是感情用事，是人类的天性。本句中it指代上文crying,且与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实用

16、一般现在时，主语为it,故填isreserved。【点评】本题考点涉及介词，名词，非谓语动词，形容词，连词，代词，冠词以及时态语 态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步 根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形3.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Since first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans (find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found(it

17、) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, (small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the

18、 health (effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came drinking bottled water, in the bottle itself addedmore than 32 times more plastic to a diet (compare) with tap water,

19、The Guardian reports.【答案】the; have found ; its; environmental ; smaller； effects; casually; from； which ；compared【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中，研究人员估计，美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。(1)考查冠词。句意：自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据 first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。(2)考查时态。句意：人类已

20、经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知，主语是humans,故谓语动词为 have found。 故填 have found。way是名(3)考查代词。句意：它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。词，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填 its。（ 4 ）考查形容词。句意：在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology （科学与技术）。故填 environmental 。（ 5）考查形容词。句意：美国人平均每年吃掉5 万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸

21、入 5 万粒塑料微粒。根据than 可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填 smaller 。（ 6）考查名词。句意：尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health是主语的一部分，可知此处用名词作主语，且谓语动词是are ，故用可数名词复数，填effects。（ 7 ）考查副词。句意：但研究人员强调，人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词 swallowing 。故填casually。（ 8）考查介词。句意：最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from ，固定短语， “来自 ”。故填 from 。（ 9）考查定语从句。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是

22、自来水的32 倍多。分析句子成分可知，先行词为 drinking bottled water ，指物，且作in 的宾语，故此处填 which 。故填 which 。（ 10）考查非谓语动词。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的 32 倍多。 分析句子可知， the bottle itself 与 compare 在逻辑上是被动关系。故填compared 。【点评】本题考点涉及冠词，时态，代词，形容词，名词，介词，副词，定语从句以及非 谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础 上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出

23、正确 的单词形式。4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese dragons（龙）are fictional creatures, a root of Chinese people who considered themselves as the descendants（ 后 代 ）of dragons. Since their creation, Chinese dragons（win）the deep love from Chinese people, because of（they）strongpower and symbolic meanings.

24、They played important role in the history of Chinesenation, politics, religion, culture and Chinese language and became a symbol of China and Chinese people.Dragon is a belief of Chinese nation and a （gold）Chinese element. When a personhears the name of dragon, China（come）to his or her mind. As the

25、strongestanimal（select）by Chinese people, dragon has the strongest power helps it goto the Heaven and the Hell, and make clouds and rains. In ancient times, as a belief, dragon gave strong supports to the ruling of a big nation, and to peoples fragile spirits and hard life because people suffered fr

26、om extreme natural disasters and lackthe supports from science.The（important）of dragon to Chinese people is like water to creatures, andit（reflect）in peoples spirit, beliefs, and ideology.【答案】 have won ； their ； an； golden ； will come ； selected ； that ； of； importance ； is reflected【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明

27、文，介绍了中国龙是虚构的生物，是中国人视自己为龙的后代的根源，中国龙从诞生之日起就赢得了中国人的深情爱戴，因为他们强大的力量和象征意义，在中华民族、政治、宗教、文化和汉语史上占有重要地位，成为中国和中国人 民的象征。(1)考查时态。根据时间状语since their creation,可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，故填have won。(2)考查代词。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，故填 their。(3)考查冠词。play an important part in 固定短语，在起重要作用，故填an。(4)考查形容词。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填 golden。(5)考查时态。whe

28、n引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态，主句用一般将来时态，故填 will come。(6)考查非谓语动词。select和它所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置 定语，故填 selected。(7) 考查定语从句。 helps it go to the Heaven and the Hell是限制性定语从句，先行词 为the strongest power ,有形容词最高级修饰，在定语从句中作主语，故填 that。(8)考查介词。lack of固定短语，缺乏”，故填of。(9)考查名词。此空作主语，前面有 the,所以用名词，故填 importance。(10)考查时态语态。句子主语和

29、reflect之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为 it,故填 is reflected。【点评】本题考点涉及时态，代词，冠词，形容词，非谓语动词，定语从句，介词，名词 以及语态等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上， 进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单 词形式。5 .阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When an important holiday comes, I usually think of what gifts to buy or prepare for my family

30、 members. It is the act itself rather than the thing you buy that(matter). Either a small present, a text message or a phone call can mean a lot to the receivers., I had never got anything from my son, who is a university student. Parents never forget to celebrate their childrens birthday, but their

31、 children seem to be very (forget). They seldom do something in return.Life is unpredictable, and you never know what will happen tomorrow. When my son came back during the summer vacation, my wife and I, as usual,(meet) him at the station.On arriving home, much my surprise, my son took out a wrist

32、watch and gave it to me,(say) it was a birthday gift for me. It is a very fashionable watch,shows not only hours, minutes and seconds but days as well. You can imagine how surprised and excited I was at that moment.Some people say children get too much care and love from their parents and just take

33、them for granted. It is natural for people to have such concerns and(worry), but things may not turn out as badly as(expect). We need to look more at the positive side of life, as a famous writer once said, Life is best classroom one can never get.【答案】 matters ； However ； forgetful ； met ； to ； sayi

34、ng； which ； worries ； expected ； the【解析】 【分析】短文大意：本文讲述父母常常记得儿女的生日，而儿女很少记得父母的生日。但作者的儿子给他意外的惊喜。（ 1）句意：重要的是你买礼物这个行动本身而不是你买的东西。强调主语the act itself 应为第三人称，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填matters 。（ 2 ）句意：然而，我从没收到任何来自我身为一个大学生的儿子的礼物。根据下文Parents never forget to celebrate their childrens birthday 父母从来不会忘记庆祝他们孩子的生日， They sel

35、dom do something in return. 他们几乎不会做任何事情回报父母。故此处表示转折，用 however ，然而。句首首字母要大写。故填 However 。（ 3）句意：父母从来不会忘记庆祝他们孩子的生日，但孩子们似乎非常健忘。very 为副词，应修饰形容词， forgetful 健忘的。故填 forgetful 。（ 4）句意：当儿子暑假回来，通常，妻子和我到车站去接他。根据前文when my soncame back,可知此处应用一般过去时，故填 met。（ 5 ）句意：一回到家，令我很惊讶的是，他拿出了一个腕表给我，说它是我的生日礼物。 to ones surprise

36、 为固定搭配，故填to 。（ 6 ）句意：一回到家，令我很惊讶的是，他拿出了一个腕表给我，说它是我的生日礼物。say这个动作伴随着给我腕表这个动作的发生，做伴随状语，用现在分词saying,故填saying。（ 7）句意：它是一款非常时尚的手表，不仅显示时、分、秒，也显示日期。shows notonly hours, minutes and seconds but days as well.是非限定定语从句，修饰watch ，指物，连词用 which ，故填 which 。（ 8 ）句意：对于人们来说有这样的关注和担心很正常，但事情并非我们所预料的那样糟。 and 连接两个并列成分，前后要一致

37、， concerns 是 名词复数， worry 用复数形式 worries 。故填 worries 。（ 9 ）句意：对于人们来说有这样的关注和担心很正常，但事情并非我们所预料的那样糟。 as expected 为固定短语，正如希望的那样，故填 expected 。（ 10）句意：生命是一个人永远无法得到最好的课堂。定冠词the 修饰形容词最高级，故填 the 。【点评】考查动词时态、副词用法、形容词、固定搭配、非谓语动词、名词单复数以及冠词。先通读全文，理解文章大意。再细读文章，分析句子成分及含义逐一作答，最后再读 文章，修正错误。6 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词 ）或

38、括号内单词的正确形式。Who are better at science in your class, girls or boys? These years, girls start to show more interest in the （subject） of science, technology, engineering and Maths （STEM）,according to a recent study from the UK.In the study, every year over the last seven years, over 20,000 students wer

39、e in theirfinal year in high school were surveyed. As for university courses, number of girlsconsidering choosing STEM subjects has a （big） increase than that of boys. Over onefifth of the girls surveyed said they were considering jobs （relate） to STEM, such as engineers. And the interest in enginee

40、ring and science has also risen.This is an important change for women in the UK. But at present, there are not nearly as many women men studying STEM subjects or working in the STEM fields. Only 13% 22% ofpeople who graduate university with STEM degrees are women. And women are seenonly one in eight

41、 STEM jobs.Are men really more suited to STEM work than women? Of course not. This is(part) because of the conventional idea, which means many people think so, even though it is not correct.It is important that young women should(encourage) to get into these jobs. In fact, STEM subjects are fun and

42、exciting. Studying science can do (we) good. It offers women chances of taking up fantastic careers and they will get higher pay in these areas, said Niki Yates, manager of GSKs business.【答案】 subjects; who/that ; the; bigger； related ; as; from； partly ; be encouraged; us 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，根据英国最近的一项研

43、究，近年来，女孩开始对科学、技术、工程和数学等学科表现出更大的兴趣。鼓励年轻妇女从事这些工作是很重要 的。(1)考查名词。句意：你们班女生和男生谁更擅长理科竹艮据英国最近的一项研究，近年来，女孩开始对科学、技术、工程和数学等学科表现出更大的兴趣。根据下文“science,technology, engineering and Maths 可知是复数意义，用名，复数，所以填 subjectso(2)考查定语从句。 were in their final year in high school 是一个定语从句，20,000students是先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填 who/tha

44、t。(3)考查冠词。句意：在大学课程方面，考虑选择STEM专业的女生人数比男生人数增加得更多。the number of固定短语，的数目，所以填the。(4)考查形容词。句意：在大学课程方面，考虑选择STEM专业的女生人数比男生人数增加得更多。根据than that of boys可知这里用比较级，所以填 bigger。(5)考查非谓语动词。句意：超过五分之一的受访女孩表示，她们正在考虑从事与STEM相关的工作，比如工程师。工作”和与有关”是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，所以填related。(6)考查连词。句意：但目前，学习 STEM学科或在 STEM领域工作的女性远没有男性 多。as man

45、y-as固定短语，和.一样多，故填as。(7)考查介词。文中表示从大学毕业，graduate from固定短语，从毕业”，所以填from。(8)考查副词。句意：这在一定程度上是因为传统观念，这意味着很多人都这么认为， 尽管它并不正确。修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填 partly。(9)考查语态。句意：鼓励年轻妇女从事这些工作是很重要的。young women和encourage之间是被动关系，用被动语态，情态动词should后，用动词原形，所以填 beencouraged。(10)考查代词。句意：学习科学对我们有好处。该空作do的宾语，用宾格，所以填us。【点评】本题考点涉及名词，定语从句，冠词

46、，形容词，非谓语动词，连词，介词，副词，语态以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信 息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而 写出正确的单词形式。7 语法填空Nearly 800 new pupils of Lianhua Elementary School in Hefei, Anhui Province, is reported (receive) a unique gift: an admission letter their names are written by teachers using Chinese wr

47、iting brush. (similar), Shaanxi Normal University has beensending their freshmen calligraphy admission for eleven years. Several former professors in 70s take about a week writing more than 4,500 admission letters every year.It is believed in China that handwriting is the man, (mean) good handwritin

48、g cannot only cultivate ones temperament ( 气质 ), but can also reflect ones literacy and character. At present, (tradition) calligraphy has again become a compulsory lesson in many Chineseprimary and middle schools, which aims (enhance) students cultural competence. Atthe same time, parents are attac

49、hing great importance childrens calligraphy practice.It is fair to say that calligraphy is not left out in todays fast-paced society; , itsincomparable value is standing out.The charm of Chinese culture embodied in calligraphy can always strike a chord with writers and (view). Do you have any intere

50、st in learning it?【答案】 to have received ； where ； Similarly ； their ； meaning ； traditional ； to enhance ； to ； instead ； viewers 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统书法越来越受重视。( 1)考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道, 安徽省合肥市莲花小学近800 名新生收到了一份特殊的礼物。be reported to have done固定短语，据说/传闻的事情发生在过去，对现在有影响。故填to have received 。（ 2）考查定语从句。句意：他们的

51、名字由老师们用毛笔书写的通知书。句中先行词为 anadmission letter, 在定语从句中作地点状语 ,故用关系副词where 。故填 where 。（3）考查副词。句意：无独有偶,陕西师范大学已经向新生寄送书法录取通知书有11 个年头了。这里用副词修饰整个句子。故填Similarly 。（ 4）考查代词。句意：每年,数名70 岁高龄的退休教授会花一个礼拜左右的时间写完4500余份录取通知书。in ones 70s在某人70多岁的时候“。这里指代former professors,故 用 their 。故填 their 。（ 5）考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人相信字如其人 ,也就是说 ,

52、好的笔迹不仅能够修身养性,还能反映出一个人的读写能力和性格。句中逻辑主语 handwriting is the man 与 mean 之间为主动关系 ,故用现在分词。故填 meaning 。（ 6）考查形容词。句意：现在在很多中国中小学 , 传统书法再一次成了必修课 ,其目标在于提高学生的文化能力。修饰名词calligraphy,前用形容词形式。故填 traditional o（ 7）考查非谓语动词。句意：现在在很多中国中小学,传统书法再一次成了必修课,其目标在于提高学生的文化能力。 aim to do 固定短语， “目的在于做”。故填 to enhance 。（ 8）考查介词。句意：与此同时

53、, 家长也愈加重视孩子们的写字习惯了。attach importance to固定短语， 认为有重要意义”，故填to。（ 9）考查副词。句意：书法在当今这个快节奏的社会中不仅没有过时,反而价值突显。instead 位于句首,连接上下句。通常是上句先否定一种情况,再以instead 引出下句 ,提出相反的情况。故填instead 。（ 10）考查名词。句意：中国传统文化在书法中体现出来的魅力总是能够引起作者和观者的共鸣。这里由 and连接与writers并列，故填viewers,表示观看者。故填viewers。【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，定语从句，副词，代词，形容词，介词以及名词等多个知识点

54、的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。8 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。When it comes to climate change, language does count. In March, the Guardian changed(it) wording - using global heating instead of global warming , after scientists found that Earths temper

55、ature is set (rise) from between 2.5C and 4.5C. Andon May 1, the UK parliament declared a climate emergency, (become)the firstparliament to do so.If with global warming, were still inside our comfort zone of handling the situation, entering the state of global heating is like heading to a point the

56、delicate balance of nature isdisturbed so much that there is no turning back. Everything will be changing: Coral will die, polar bears will lose their habitats completely, and extreme (weather) like droughts andheavy storms will happen at a higher (frequent). There is no denying that wereentering a

57、climate emergency.Decades ago when the science on the climate issue was first increasing, the impacts could be seen as an issue for future generations, but now its (definite) our issue, shiftwe all are living together.However, getting these messages is far from enough. It depends on each to find asolution -if there are any solutions left to find. The UKs Labor leader Jeremy urged that we (take) rapid and dramatic action no