高中英语语法--现在完成时与现在完成进行时

1、PRESENT PERFECT versus PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSPRESENT PERFECTWe use the Present Perfect Simple mainly to express that an action is completed or to emphasize the result or to indicate that action has not changedI HAVE READ A BOOK TODAY I HAVE READ TEN BOOKSHE HAS GONE TO CANADAResult (what / how m

2、uch / how often)I have written 5 compositions. I have been to London twice.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUSWe use the Present Perfect Continuous to emphasize the duration or continuous course of an action.I HAVE BEEN READING A BOOKTo indicate the duration of an action that started in the pastI HAVE BEEN PL

3、AYING TENNIS FOR TWO HOURSIf we use this tense it means that the duration of the action is longDuration (how long)I have been writing for an hour.COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSdesired resultI have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now).unwanted side effectW

4、hy are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: I became wet when I was washing the car. It does not matter whether the car is clean now.)COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSEmphasis on completionSHE HAS DONE HER HOMEWORK (Meaning: Her homework is complet

5、ed now.)Emphasis on durationSHE HAS BEEN DOING HER HOMEWORKMeaning: Thats how she has spent her time. It does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)COMPARISON BETWEEN PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS*to express how much time has past since the last time the action took plac

6、e* To express how much time has past since the beginning of the actionI havent been playing that game for an hour, only for 10 minutes. (Meaning: Its not even an hour ago that I started to play that game.)since the last timeI havent played that game for years. (Meaning: Its years ago that I last pla

7、yed that game.)CHOOSE :PRESENT PERFECT OR PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS1) This evening I _ two compositions to my parents (to write) 2) My daughter _ e-mails to her friends for hours (to write)3) Today Lucy _ her brother three times (to phone)4) My friends _ around Italy for five months (to travel) 5)

8、I _ to music all evening (to listen)6) I _ English since I was a child (to learn)HAVE WRITTENHAS BEEN WRITINGHAS PHONEDHAVE BEEN TRAVELLINGHAVE BEEN LISTENINGHAVE BEEN LEARNING1)Why are you so dirty? I _ in the garden (to work)2)I _ to Malaga for three days with my in-laws (to be) 3)I _ my homework.

9、 Now I am going to rest (to finish)4)My brother _ TV for three hours (to watch)5)John _ since 3 oclock (to study)6)The fatal accident just _. The police havent arrived yet (to happen)HAVE BEEN WORKINGHAVE FINISHEDHAS BEEN WATCHINGHAS BEEN STUDYINGHAVE BEENHAS HAPPENED1) _ you my watch? I have just lost it (to see)2) Emma is very tired; she _ all day (to work)3)What weather! It _ since yesterday (to rain