高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

1、就近一致原则（就近一致原则（2点）点）语法一致原则（语法一致原则（6点）点） 个体一致原则（个体一致原则（8点）点） 意义一致原则（意义一致原则（8点）点）就近一致就近一致就近 一致语法一致语法一致1.主语主语+with (together with, along with,), as well as, including, rather than, besides, except, but, in addition to, other than ,like ,not ect.结构中，谓语与主语一致结构中，谓语与主语一致2.不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓

2、语动词用单数用单数Eg:1.) Serving the people is my great happiness.2.)When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided.3.)When and where we will go hasnt been decided.*但当但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化的结构时，谓语随名词变化。Eg: 1.)What you did was right. 2.)What you need are these dictionaries.3.定语从

3、句中定语从句中,“one of +复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”从从句的谓语动词复数句的谓语动词复数。 若在在one of 前有前有the, the only, the very修饰时，修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用单数。从句的谓语动词则用单数。Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well.2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.playplays4.定语从句中主语是关系代词定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致时

4、，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。Eg: I, who _your teacher, will teach you everything I know.5.在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，在强调句中，如被强调的是句子的主语时，则则that/who后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语后面的谓语动词应与被强调的主语一致一致eg: 1.)It is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class.2.)It was I rather than they that _ punished by the boss.amhelpswas6.half of./t

5、he rest of./part of/plenty of/分数（分数（%）+of.等作主语，等作主语，谓语动词随谓语动词随of后的名词而变化后的名词而变化。 个体一致个体一致1.由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。后面的名词前没有冠词。 Eg.1.) .2.) A poet and artist is coming to deliver a speech.3.) My classmate and friend _going to pay a visit to

6、 me.4.) A fork and knife is on the table.5.)War and peace is often peoples topic.is a knife and fork一副刀叉一副刀叉; bread and butter加黄油的面包加黄油的面包; coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡加牛奶的咖啡; whisky and soda 汽水汽水 salt and water 盐水盐水 a needle and thread针线针线; a horse and cart四轮马车四轮马车; a watch and chain表链表链; a coat and tie;

7、war and peace战争与和平战争与和平; truth and honesty; medical help and cure aim and end目的目的2. and连接的两个或多个主语前如有连接的两个或多个主语前如有each, every, no, many a(许多）等修饰时，谓语用许多）等修饰时，谓语用单数。单数。Eg. 1.)Every tree and (every) flower is to be cut down.2.)No sound and no voice is heard.3.) Many a boy and girl has made the same mist

8、ake.4.) In our country each boy and (each) girl has right to receive education. 3.表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词表示单位数量作主语时，被看作整体时谓语表示单位数量作主语时，被看作整体时谓语用单数用单数。 eg: Sixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough for him. Three thousand miles is a long distance. Fifty kilograms is not too long

9、to be carried.*如强调具体数目，则用复数。如强调具体数目，则用复数。 One hundred cents make a dollar. More than fifty years have passed since they got married.4. “many a +单数名词单数名词 /more than one+单数名词单数名词 /one and a half +单数名词单数名词”作主语，作主语，谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数eg:1.) many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.2.)More than one student

10、 has turned up at the meeting.3.) One and a half banana was eaten by the boy.5.由由some, any, every, no构成的不定代词构成的不定代词,谓语谓语动词用单数动词用单数6. each of/either of./one of谓语动词谓语动词用单数用单数.none of/neither of可单可复，根据说话可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用但代表不可数名词时，用单数单数eg: 1.)None of us are/is perfect. 2.) Neither of t

11、hem know/knows the answer. 3.) None of this worries me. /None of this money is mine.*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 Neither statement was true.7.主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数主语是书名，剧名，报纸名，国名等复数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数形式的名词，仍为个体，谓语用单数 The United States is a developed country.8.带引号的词语作主语，谓语单数带引号的词语作主语，

12、谓语单数 “I” is the ninth letter of the English alphabet.意义一致意义一致1.集合名词集合名词family, class, team, group, crowd,audience, company, army, enemy, government,population作主语，作主语，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数 eg:书p52.集合名词集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数示复数意义谓语动词永远复数. people 民族（可数名词，peoples)3.

13、主语是单复数同形的名词主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼鱼,series系列系列, species物种物种, means手段手段, works工厂工厂, aircraft飞行器飞行器, ect.时时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come into effect.4.以以-s结尾的一些词结尾的一些词the Olympic Games,manners, remains, earnings, belongings, goods,surrounding

14、s, winnings, leavings, ect.表示复数表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数意义，谓语动词用复数5.physics, politics, mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单数。结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单数。eg. 1.) Physics is not difficult to learn.2.)Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school.注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。非学科

15、含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。 What are your politics政治信仰/见解?6.成双成对出现的复数名词如成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，等作主语时，谓语通常用复数， *但如果前有但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语等词语修饰时，谓语动词与修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单等一致，用单数。数。Eg.1) My trousers are very nice.2)A pair of

16、 shoes is under the bed. 7.主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。 Eg:1.)Which is more valuable, health or wealth?2.)Which are prettier, these or those?3.) we had some paper, but

17、 the rest was put back.*the +adj.表示一类抽象概念时，谓语也单数表示一类抽象概念时，谓语也单数 The new is sure to replace the old. The complicate is difficult to understand.8. “the+形容词形容词”做主语时，表示一类人或物时，做主语时，表示一类人或物时，谓语动词为复数；谓语动词为复数；表示具体一个个体时，谓语动词为单数。表示具体一个个体时，谓语动词为单数。Eg.1) The young are better at learning new things. 2) The young

18、 is my uncle.90题21 A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered2. 89题27 Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be3. 87题15 All but one _ here just now. A. is B

19、.was C. has been D. were答案 Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging (C85)2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept (C85)3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has (C86)4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was (C85)5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have