新人教必修三 Unit 5 Canada-The true north-Grammar[名词性从句]

1、五种基本句型v主语+谓语（Vi.）v主语+谓语（Vt.）+宾语v主语+系动词+表语v主语+间接宾语+直接宾语v主语+宾语+宾语补足语vThe accident happened a month ago.vHe watched an insect caught by a bird.vThe sun rises in the east.vHer father bought her a purse.vShe lost her chance of becoming the manager.vThe whole class remained silent.系动词vBe动词v5个感观动词 look, so

2、und, feel, smell, tastev表示发展变化的动词 become, turn, get, go, growv表示保持不变 stay, remain, keepv表示”似乎，看起来” appear, seemv表示“原来是，结果是” prove指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。 1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power .3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性

3、从句v名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？v在句子

4、中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 (Noun Clauses)v名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在它在复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等。等。v因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句句、表语从句和和同位语从句。同位语从句。 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句pred

5、icative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:从属连词从属连词: that / whether / if （不充当成分）（不充当成分）连接代词连接代词: what /who/which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever连接副词连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever 1.They are good doctors. He told us. 2. He hadnt said any

6、thing at the meeting. The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结总结: 当从当从句原来是陈述句时句原来是陈述句时, 变成变成名词性从句用名词性从句用that引引导。导。句型转换句型转换3. Does your sister get up early? Do you know? 4. Do animals have the same senses as human

7、s? I often wonder. Do you know if/whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结总结: 当从句原来是一般疑问句时当从句原来是一般疑问句时, 变成变成名词性从句用名词性从句用 if 或或 whether 引导。引导。5. When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 6. My question is this: where will the lectur

8、e be given? Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结总结: 当从句原来是特殊疑问句时当从句原来是特殊疑问句时, 变成名词变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。What we need is more time.What we need are more English dictionaries.总结总结: 名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外另外, 一般情况下一般情况下,

9、 名词性从句均看作名词性从句均看作单数概念。由单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面引导的一般看后面的表语。的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。单句改错1. That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2. When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3. I didnt know that you will come.4. He said that he is writing a story.5. Could you tell me

10、when will he arrive?6. You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.ishasntwouldwashe willhas宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+ +连词连词( (引导词引导词)+)+宾语从句宾语从句1. 连词连词(引导词引导词)1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和包括肯定句和 否定句否定句), 连词由连词由that引导引导, 因为因为that在从句在从句 中不作任何成分中

11、不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略： 当当that 从句与另一名词性

12、从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作 宾语时宾语时, 第二个第二个that不能省；不能省； 当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时, that不可省掉。不可省掉。 用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.在主句为动词在主句为动词 be 加某些形容词（

13、如加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略的省略 that 的从句也可算是宾语从句。的从句也可算是宾语从句。vIm sorry (that) I dont know.vWere sure (that) our team will win.vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam.2) 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时当宾语从句是一般疑问句时, 由连词由连词whether或或if引导引导(口语中常用口语中常用if), 因为因为if/whether翻译成翻译成:“是否是否”, 具有一定的意义具

14、有一定的意义, 所以不能省略。所以不能省略。Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandmaliked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out someinformation about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrowthese books .whether与if的辨用表表“是否是否”时时, 在下列情况下用在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语

15、从句介词后的宾语从句f. 后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语连在一起引导宾语 从句时不用从句时不用ifwhether和和if都可以引导宾语从句。都可以引导宾语从句。 a. 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时, 不用不用if.e.g. I dont know whether or not I will stay.b. 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.whether和和if的使用区

16、别的使用区别练一练练一练: if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether3) 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由连接代词由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose)

17、 或连接或连接副词副词(when, where, how, why)引导引导, 因为连接因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.Do you know what time the p

18、lane leaves?带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?I dont know how far it is to the cinema.Please tell us how many students there are in your school?P

19、lease tell us how soon you will be ready.Can you tell us how old his brother is?2. 时态时态1) 如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，包括一般现在时， 现在进行时现在进行时, 现在完成时现在完成时)从句的时态可根从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时包括一般现在时,一般过一般过 去时去时,一般将来时一般将来时,现在完成时等现在完成时等)。vI know he lives here.vI know he lived here ten years ago. vI have

20、heard that he will come tomorrow.2) 如果主句是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时包括一般过去时, 过去进行时过去进行时), 那么从句的时态一定要用相那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时，包括一般过去时，过去进行时过去进行时, 过去将来时过去将来时, 过去完成时过去完成时)。vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow

21、. vHe said that he had seen it .3) 当从句是客观真理当从句是客观真理, 定义定义, 公理公理, 定理定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vThe teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)2. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)3. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several

22、times. (be)Exercise wrote has taken had been 4. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)5. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)6. Tom says that they _ (play). basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 7. I hear they _ (return) it already. 8. He said that they _ members of the Party since

23、1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 3.3.语序语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分 When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . What does he want to buy ? I dont know wha

24、t he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .1) could / would是委婉语气是委婉语气, 而不是过去式而不是过去式, 因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。4. 注意事项注意事项vCould you please tell me where we show our tickets ?vCould you tell us which gate we have to go to?vWould you like to know when he will come back?

25、2) 如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是ask时时, 连词不可能连词不可能 是是that; 如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是say时时, 连词用连词用that。vShe says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.vHe said (that) he was going to take care of the child.vHe asks if I like playing the piano.vYou may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station.

26、3) 否定的转移否定的转移: 若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。4) It 常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后

27、作形式宾语：等后作形式宾语：it 不不仅可以作形式主语仅可以作形式主语, 还可以作形式宾语而还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.5) 连词连词 if 和和 when 在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：CDo you know if _back next week? If he _ back, please let me know. he comes, will come will he c

28、ome, comes C. he will come, comes D. he will come, will comeI dont know when he _ (come). I cant wait here any more. When he _(come), would you please ask him to call me?will comecomes1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it.

29、 A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time. A. that B. if C. when D. what timeDAB单项选择单项选择4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. whe

30、re is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the stationCD表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句, 放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。 常用的结构有常用的结构有the reason why is that 和和 It is because 等等结构。结构。二、Predicative Clauses 表语从句连接词连接词: that / whether /as if /as though

31、( if 不不 引导表语从句引导表语从句)连接代词连接代词: who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词连接副词: when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.注注 意：意： 在表语从句中在表语从句中, 表表“是否是否” 时时, 只能用

32、只能用 “whether” 不能用不能用“if”。 2. 一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because It is /was why4. The reason (why/for)is /was that5. The reason is because /whythat .名词主语名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句引起的表语从句在这种句型中在这种句型中, 常用表示事实常用表示事实, 真理的名词真理的名词, 如如: fact, truth 或表示看法或表示看法, 观点的名词观点的名词, 如如: idea, opinion, belief, vi

33、ew, feeling,suggestion, plan等作主语。等作主语。The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.注意注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同。宾语从句相同。但但: : 1. that引导表语从句时不能省。引导表语从句时不能省。 2. if 不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。1. Thats _ the Party called on us to d

34、o. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3. That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4. Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when B C D A Exercise 1) That he will

35、 succeed is certain.2) Whether he will go there is not known.3) What he said is not true.4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.5) Whoever comes is welcome. Its certain that he will succeed.7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not b

36、een decided yet.三、Subject Clause 主语从句考点一考点一: 主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免免主语冗长主语冗长, 句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻, 经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语, 主语从句放在主语从句放在后面作真正的主语后面作真正的主语.That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由连词由连词

37、whether 和和 if, 连接代词连接代词 what，who，which和连接副词和连接副词 when，where，why，how 等引导等引导, 也也常常后置。常常后置。It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法的用法: (形式主语形式主语)Its possible/important/necessary/clear that.很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清很清楚楚Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道

38、Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知众所周知)/ a common saying. (俗话说俗话说)考点二考点二注意注意: 主语从句中主语从句中, 谓语动词一般用单数；谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句引导的主语从句, 可根据表语决定。可根据表语决定。What he needs is that

39、 book.What he needs are some books.what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而that则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.what 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句 由由 that 引导引导:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _

40、is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)that 无意义无意义, 后接一个完整的句子。后接一个完整的句子。that 不可省。不可省。That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance注注 意意：What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.What he says and does doesnt concern me.What he says and d

41、oes dont agree.1. “if” 不能引导主语从句不能引导主语从句, 应由应由“whether”引导。引导。2. 主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。3. “what”引导主语从句时引导主语从句时, 谓语动词谓语动词: 1)常与其后的名词作表语一致常与其后的名词作表语一致 2)根据句子的语境而定。根据句子的语境而定。 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends

42、on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 3. _ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World. A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging toA B C 单项选择单项选择7. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What / because B. What / that C. That / what D. That / because8. _she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What / why B. Tha