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Y210
电动机
定子
冲压
模具设计
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Y210-2型电动机定子铁芯冲压模具设计,Y210,电动机,定子,冲压,模具设计
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Characteristics and Sheet Metal Forming dn3-ow 1.The article overview #pYtCW Stamping is a kind of plastic forming process in which a part is produced by means of the plastic forming the material under the action of a die. Stamping is usually carried out under cold state, so it is also called stamping. Heat stamping is used only when the blank thickness is greater than 8-100mm. The blank material for stamping is usually in the form of sheet or strip, and therefore it is also called sheet metal forming. Some non-metal sheets (such as plywood, mica sheet, asbestos, leather)can also be formed by stamping. 65i%( Stamping is widely used in various fields of the metalworking industry, and it plays a crucial role in the industries for manufacturing automobiles, instruments, military parts and household electrical appliances, etc. ZL;Ztq?The process, equipment and die are the three foundational problems that needed to be studied in stamping. 7pEbH/ The characteristics of the sheet metal forming are as follows: iF, (5xp (1) High material utilization A(f+h*g (2) Capacity to produce thin-walled parts of complex shape. wCv#h (3) Good interchangeability between stamping parts due to precision in shape and dimension. N3m # S (4) Parts with lightweight, high-strength and fine rigidity can be obtained. =E-4q (5) High productivity, easy to operate and to realize mechanization and automatization. J5nmX,The manufacture of the stamping die is costly, and therefore it only fits to mass production. For the manufacture of products in small batch and rich variety, the simple stamping die and the new equipment such as a stamping machining center, are usually adopted to meet the market demands. pAdB0sThe materials for sheet metal stamping include mild steel, copper, aluminum, magnesium alloy and high-plasticity alloy-steel, etc. !xN_ql!(4 Stamping equipment includes plate shear punching press. The former shears plate into strips with a definite width, which would be pressed later. The later can be used both in shearing and forming. 4Q3j4 2Characteristics of stamping forming 2f8h(n There are various processes of stamping forming with different working patterns and names. But these processes are similar to each other in plastic deformation. There are following conspicuous characteristics in stamping: X?&(6G64（1）The force per unit area perpendicular to the blank surface is not large but is enough to cause the material plastic deformation. It is much less than the inner stresses on the plate plane directions. In most cases stamping forming can be treated approximately as that of the plane stress state to simplify vastly the theoretical analysis and the calculation of the process parameters. UL_z（2）Due to the small relative thickness, the anti-instability capability of the blank is weak under compressive stress. As a result, the stamping process is difficult to proceed successfully without using the anti-instability device (such as blank holder). Therefore the varieties of the stamping processes dominated by tensile stress are more than dominated by compressive stress. ?a&uq （3）During stamping forming, the inner stress of the blank is equal to or sometimes less than the yield stress of the material. In this point, the stamping is different from the bulk forming. During stamping forming, the influence of the hydrostatic pressure of the stress state in the deformation zone to the forming limit and the deformation resistance is not so important as to the bulk forming. In some circumstances, such influence may be neglected. Even in the case when this influence should be considered, the treating method is also different from that of bulk forming. 3DtN Ea（4）In stamping forming, the restrain action of the die to the blank is not severs as in the case of the bulk forming (such as die forging). In bulk forming, the constraint forming is proceeded by the die with exactly the same shape of the part. Whereas in stamping, in most cases, the blank has a certain degree of freedom, only one surface of the blank contacts with the die. In some extra cases, such as the forming of the blank on the deforming zone contact with the die. The deformation in these regions are caused and controlled by the die applying an external force to its adjacent area. qHP （1）The importance or the strength and rigidity of the die in stamping forming is less than that in bulk forming because the blank can be formed without applying large pressure per unit area on its surface. Instead, the techniques of the simple die and the pneumatic and hydraulic forming are developed. S7E(YMV （2）Due to the plane stress or simple strain state in comparison with bulk forming, more research on deformation or force and power parameters has been done. Stamping forming can be performed by more reasonable scientific methods. Based on the real time measurement and analysis on the sheet metal properties and stamping parameters, by means of computer and some modern testing apparatus, research on the intellectualized control of stamping process is also in proceeding. sW5a$L （3）It is shown that there is a close relationship between stamping forming and raw material. The research on the properties of the stamping forming, that is, forming ability and shape stability, has become a key point in stamping technology development, but also enhances the manufacturing technique of iron and steel industry, and provides a reliable foundation for increasing sheet metal quality. folaiyW 3Categories of stamping forming R8 !ehhk Many deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming. mddcQ5/1/ Cutting is a shearing process that one part of the blank is cut from the other. It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement from the other. It mainly includes deep drawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning. x#f In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force. The stress state and deformation characteristic of the deformation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming. Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone, the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and be studied systematically. g;Vn=Rj The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state. Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface. When is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equals to zero, two principal stresses perpendicular to each other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material. Due to the small thickness of the blank, it is assumed approximately the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction. Based on this analysis, the stress state and the deformation characteristics of the deformation zone in all kinds of stamping forming can be denoted by the points in the coordinates of the plane principal stresses and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal strains. b#/ （1）Definition of the stamping property of the material. JiW?（2）Method to judge the stamping property of the material, find parameters to express the definitely material property of the stamping forming, establish the relationship between the property parameters and the practical stamping forming, and investigate the testing methods of the property parameters. okv,qV （3）Establish the relationship among the chemical component, structure, manufacturing process and stamping property. 0OSP* The raw materials for stamping forming mainly include various metals and nonmetal plate. Sheet metal includes both ferrous and nonferrous metals. Although a lot of sheet metals are used in stamping forming, the most widely used materials are steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and various composite metal plates. Tyy#6T 5Stamping forming property of sheet metal and its assessing method =QgJ 3A The stamping forming property of the sheet metal is the adaptation capability of the sheet metal to stamping forming. It has crucial meaning to the investigation of the stamping forming property of the sheet metal. In order to produce stamping forming parts with most scientific, economic and rational stamping forming process and forming parameters, it is necessary to understand clearly the properties of the sheet metal, so as to utilize the potential of the sheet metal fully in the production. On the other hand, to select plate material accurately and rationally in accordance with the characteristics of the shape and dimension of the stamping forming part and its forming technique is also necessary so that a scientific understanding and accurate judgment to the stamping forming properties of the sheet metal may be achieved. 1_V:HqV There are direct and indirect testing methods to assess the stamping property of the sheet metal. %P-,FVP-1 Practicality stamping test is the most direct method to assess stamping forming property of the sheet metal. This test is done exactly in the same condition as actual production by using the practical equipment and dies. Surely, this test result is most reliable. But this kind of assessing method is not comprehensively applicable, and cannot be shared as a commonly used standard between factories. ?X4p4The simulation test is a kind of assessing method that after simplifying and summing up actual stamping forming methods, as well as eliminating many trivial factors, the stamping properties of the sheet metal are assessed, based on simplified axial-symmetric forming method under the same deformation and stress states between the testing plate and the actual forming states. In order to guarantee the reliability and generality of simulation results, a lot of factors are regulated in detail, such as the shape and dimension of tools for test, blank dimension and testing conditions(stamping velocity, lubrication method and blank holding force, etc).vUX8MqKIndirect testing method is also called basic testing method its characteristic is to connect analysis and research on fundamental property and principle of the sheet metal during plastic deformation, and with the plastic deformation parameters of the sheet metal in actual stamping forming, and then to establish the relationship between the indirect testing results(indirect testing value) and the actual stamping forming property (forming parameters). Because the shape and dimension of the specimen and the loading pattern of the indirect testing are different from the actual stamping forming, the deformation characteristics and stress states of the indirect test are different from those of the actual one. So, the results obtained form the indirect test are not the stamping forming parameters, but are the fundamental parameters that can be used to represent the stamping forming property of the sheet metal. bIoq U#k(! Hans Gastrow Molds 130 Proven Designs . 3rd edition . Munich : Hanser Publisher , 2002 .300-307 .ny2ea2冲压成形与板材冲压 uvwj$l 1概述 OVFHr&通过模具使板材产生塑性变形而获得成品零件的一次成形工艺方法叫做冲压。由于冲压通常在冷态下进行，因此也称为冷冲压。只有当板材厚度超过8-100mm时，才采用热冲压。冲压加工的原材料一般为板材或带材，故也称板材冲压。某些非金属板材（如胶木板、云母片、石棉、皮革等）亦可采用冲压成形工艺进行加工。 C gw8z冲压广泛应用于金属制品各行业中，尤其在汽车、仪表、军工、家用电器等工业中占有极其重要的地位。 pQ_ W_1冲压成形需研究工艺设备和模具三类基本问题。 . 7z +/板材冲压具有下列特点： Sk222（1）高的材料利用率。 x.lGhWh（2）可加工薄壁、形状复杂的零件。 +#-p （3）冲压件在形状和尺寸方面的互换性好。 y!e#xn（4）能获得质量轻而强度高、刚性好的零件。 8+(!uTR#（5）生产率高，操作简单，容易实现机械化和自动化。 x-gtij冲压模具制作成本高，因此适合大批量生产。对于小批量、多品种生产，常采用简易冲模，同时引进冲压加工中心等新型设备，以满足市场求新求变的需求。 9R3 px/w板材冲压常用的金属材料有低碳钢、铜、铝、镁合金及高塑性的合金刚等。如前所述，材料形状有板材和带材。 5PO:g+N冲压生产设备有剪床和冲床。剪床是用来将板材剪切成具有一定宽度的条料，以供后续冲压工序使用，冲床可用于剪切及成形。 q!?N?dO4（3）冲压成形时，板材毛胚内应力的数值等于或小于材料的屈服应力。在这一点上，冲压成形与体积成形的差别很大。因此，在冲压成形时变形区应力状态中的静水压力成分对成形极限与变形抗力的影响，已失去其在体积成形时的重要程度，有些情况下，甚至可以完全不予考虑，即使有必要考虑时，其处理方法也不相同。 EjP5 Vk（4）在冲压成形时，模具对板材毛胚作用力所形成的约束作用较轻，不像体积成形（如模锻）是靠与制件形状完全相同的型腔对毛胚进行全面接触而实现的强制成形。在冲压成形中，大多数情况下，板材毛胚都有某种程度的自由度，常常是只有一个表面与模具接触，甚至有时存在板材两侧表面都有于模具接触的变形部分。在这种情况下，这部分毛胚的变形是靠模具对其相邻部分施加的外力实现其控制作用的。例如，球面和锥面零件成形时的悬空部分和管胚端部的卷
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