牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 名词修饰词

1、教育1对3辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级：八年级 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题 名词修饰词学习目标1.掌可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词； 2.能在具体语境中选用正确的修饰词。教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习；2、 互动探索 a fewfewa littlelittle中文意思有一些几乎没有有一些几乎没有修饰可数/不可数可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词【知识梳理1】1. 基本用法中文修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词备注一些 (some)a fewa little肯定含义几乎没有 (no)fewlittle否定含义 【例题精讲】He is a man of few words.Tony

2、asked us a few questions.There is little milk in the fridge so we have to buy some.I need a little help to move these books. 注意：only/quite 后只能加 a few 或 a little; 而 so/very 后只能加few 或little.only a few few very few, only a little little very little; quite a few many, quite a little much; eg. Quitea few

3、 visitors come to Shanghai every year.This movie is so boring that veryfew people want to see it.He knows onlya little about Chinese history.I can go out with you tomorrow as I have very little work to do these days.【巩固练习】1. Hurry up. There is_ time left.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few2. If you s

4、ave_ coins a day, you will be able to buy a mobile phone in a year.A. a littleB. little C. a fewD. few 3. I am afraid you cant post so many postcards with so_ money.A. lessB. fewC. a little D. little4. My husband has quite a few_ . He likes painting, reading, bowling, surfing and so on.A. interest B

5、. interests C. interestedD. interesting5. Are there any prawns left on the plate?Only_.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few【知识梳理2】 some any1. some是不定量代词，意为“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也能修饰不可数名词，常用于肯定句，当用在特殊疑问句中时表示渴望得到对方的肯定回答。 I'd like to have some milk for breakfast. 早餐我想喝一些牛奶。 -Would you like some water? 你想要喝水

6、吗？ -No, thank you. 不，谢谢。2. any意为“一些”时，可以修饰可数名词的复数，也可以修饰不可数名词；当any意为“任一”时，也可用于肯定句中，起强调作用。Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么问题要问吗? There isnt any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。You may take any of them. 这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。Call me any day next week.下周任何一天给我打电话都可以。【巩固练习】1. There isnt_ orange juice in my

7、bottle. Please give me_. 2. Do you have_ picture-books? No, I dont have_. But I have_ story-books. 3. Are there_ boys in the classroom? No, but there are_ girls in it. 4. Which one can I take? You may take_ one of them. 5. Would you like_ fruit juice, please? No. Id like_ tea. 【知识梳理3】a lot of, a lot

8、, plenty of 1. a lot of= lots of是一个形容词性短语，意为“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，常用于肯定句中。There are a lot of trees in this park. 这个公园里有大量的树。Tom earns a lot of money by hard work. 汤姆通过努力工作挣了许多钱。2. a lot 作代词pron. 表示“很多，多数”。How many do you want? -A lot/lots.Have some more pie, theres a lot left.作副词adv. 修饰形容词和动词，表示“非常，相

9、当”，置于被修饰的形容词或动词之后。He is feeling a lot better today. I play tennis quite a lot in the summer.3. plenty of 意为“大量的，充裕的”，用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，用法同a lot of / lots of。Do you need more milk? -No thanks, there's plenty of it in the fridge.We believe in taking in plenty of fresh air and getting plenty of exerci

10、se.【巩固练习】1.-Would you like _ milk to drink? - Ok, thanks. A. any B. much C.some D.a lot2. There isn't _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDThe3. There is _ milk in the fridge. You neednt buy any.AnoBa lot ofC. a lot D.many4. He has books about English. A. many B.much C.any D. a lot5. -How money do

11、you have? -Only one hundred yuan.A. many B.much C.any D. a lot【知识梳理4】many, much, enough1.  many和much都意为“许多”，但many用于修饰可数名词，而much修饰不可数名词。 China has many oil fields. 中国有许多油田。 In our view, there is much oil here. 在我们看来，这里有许多

12、石油。Many of the students are taking classes now.Much of the water here is dirty and bad for our health.2. enough 作名词、代词，意思是"足够;充分"。Enough has been said on this subject. Would you like some more muffins? -No, thanks. I've had enough. (enough=enough food) 【注意】当enough后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词

13、或其本身就是代词时，要用介词of。They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room. 作形容词，意思是"足够的;充分的"，常与for或不定式连用，置于被修饰的可数/不可数名词之前，可以作定语或表语。I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have use. I've got enough money to pay for a taxi.作副词, 意思是 "十分地; 充分地; 足够地; 充足地"，置于被修饰的形容

14、词或副词之后，常与不定式或介词for连用，在句子中作状语，表示程度。Is the river deep enough for swimming/to swim in?I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it.【巩固练习】1. A smile costs nothing, but gives so _. A. littleB. fewC. manyD. much2. Its easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have _ of them here.A. none

15、B. few C. many D. each3. We need to go shopping. There is_ juice left in the fridge.A. little B. few C. many D. much4. He ran and ran, but he couldnt run_ to catch the bus.A. fast enough B. enough quick C. enough fast D. enough quickly 5. He is_ school.A. old enough going to B. enough old to go to C

16、. old enough to go to D. enough old going to 【知识梳理4】 a great deal of, a great amount of, a large quantity of, a large number of短语中文释义可修饰对象例句a great deal of很多，大量的不可数名词The race gave every one a great deal of pleasure.a great amount of很多，大量的不可数名词A great amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.a

17、small/large quantity of很多，大量的不可数名词/可数名词复数1. The factory needs a large quantity of water. 2. There is only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden.a (large) number of很多，大量的可数名词复数A number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.【巩固练习】I Translation:1. A small quantity

18、of people from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.2. A large quantity of water has been polluted in the past few years. 3. The number of students is not enough to take part in the basketball match.基础版：I. Choose the best answer.1. I didnt like the TV play._ of the actors and actresses was

19、 famous.A. Both B. AllC. NeitherD. None2. No news_ good news.A. is B. areC. hasD. have3. Would you like_ tea or coffee? Thank you. Ive just had enough.A. some B. bothC. eitherD. neither4. He doesnt talk a lot. He is a man of _ words.A. fewB. little C. a fewD. a little5. We are almost out of rain in

20、this area. The sentence means “_ ”.A. We havent any rain in this area. B. We have no rain in this area.C. We have little rain in this area. D. We have a little rain in this area.6. Are there any prawns left on the plate?Only_ .A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few7. You look very tired this morning. Wh

21、at did you do yesterday afternoon?I did _ Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of 8. _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A number of; women B. A number of; womanC. The number of; women D. The number of; woman9. They sp

22、ent _ money on the new hospital. A. a great deal B. a great deal of C. a great many D. a large number of 10. He possesses _ books. A. plenty of B. very much C. a great deal of D. an amount of (按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词) 1. Marys handwriting is the best in her class. ( 保持原意 ) handwriting is better than Marys i

23、n her class. 2. The boy turned off the TV after his mother came back.（保持原句意思） The boy _ turn off the TV_ mother came back.3.Electricity comes into our flats through thin wires.(划线提问)_ _electricity come into your flats?4. I read an interesting book last night.（改为感叹句） _ _ interesting book I read last

24、night!5. The story was very interesting. I could never forget it. （合并为一句）The story was _interesting _ I could never forget it.提升版：1. The play was not interesting, so there were _ empty seals in the theatre. A.a littleB.a lotC.manyD.much2. I felt so hungry at midnight, but I couldn't find _ to ea

25、t in my flat. A.everything B.something C.anythingD.nothing3. I need _ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some? A. few B. a few C. little D. a little4. Which place do you prefer to live in, a city or a countryside? - I dont care. _ is fine.A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None5. The Engl

26、ish guest could speak only_ Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us. A. fewB. littleC. a littleD. a few6. We should never be satisfied with_ book knowledge. We also need practical experience. A. fewB. littleC. a fewD. a little7. There isnt much bread here, but you can take _ if you want to.

27、A. few B. a few C. little D. a little8. In the modern world, _ young people are interested in cormorant fishing.A. a few B. few C. lots of D. some9. We had_ bread for supper.A. noB. notC. no anyD. not any10._ of the telephones is working.A. None B. No oneC. NoD. Not a密封线（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词）

28、43.Lao Zi was a great _ in Chinese history. (think)44.May received many presents on her _ birthday. (twenty)45.One of my friends has an _ name. He is called PETROL. (usual)46.He is so selfish（自私） and only cares about his own _. (safe)47._, the glass dropped onto the ground and broke into pieces. (un

29、lucky)48.The terrible smog in Shanghai is _ to peoples health. (harm)49.I guess there are some _ in my kitchen. (mouse)（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词）1. We plant trees twice a year. (划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ we plant trees every year?2. The earthquake is destroying thousands of houses in the town. (改为一般疑问句) _ the ea

30、rthquake _ thousands of houses in the town?3. David is a writer. He is a teacher, too. (两句合并为一句) David is a writer _ _ a teacher. 4. The leaves form that tree taste nasty. (改为感叹句) _ _ the leaves from the tree _!5. Lets go and join them, _ _?6. It took him half an hour to read the book yesterday. (改为

31、同义句) He _ half an hour _ the book yesterday.基础题：I. Choose the best answer. 1. There are _homeless dogs on our estate. Too many. I don't like them.A. a lot of B. muchC. fewD. a few2. I have _ dresses. I can't help it, I'm always buying them.A. muchB. a lot ofC. only a fewD. so few3. Is th

32、ere _ information on South African culture?A. muchB. manyC. a lot ofD. lot of4. Can I have _ sugar in my tea please? Not too much.A. a lot of B. someC. a fewD. little5. This is a very old song, so _ young people know it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little6. There is _ ink in my pen. Would you giv

33、e me _?A. little/ a little B. a little/ little C. few/ a few D. a few/ few7. The house has _ many rooms that it was hard to find a way out.A. such B. so C. very D. too8. All the students are busy, so _ of them will go to the concert.A. many B. little C. a few D. few 9. Jane has sent several letters,

34、 but _ of them have been answered. A. all B. both C. either D. none 10. _ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question. A. No B. None C. Not D. Neither （选择最恰当的单词或词汇完成短文） Have you 1 been to the Eiffel Tower? Every day, many tourists from all over the world come to 2 the tower. Th

35、ey have different colors of skin and speak different languages. But they all do the 3 things. They want to see the Eiffel Tower with their 4 eyes. When they go up the Eiffel Tower, how 5 they are! They laugh and talk, enjoy the views of Paris. They all 6 , “ The Eiffel Tower, wonderful! Paris is rea

36、lly a wonderful city!”1. A. ever B. even C. had D. early2. A. find B. look at C. visit D. watch3. A. different B. same C. interesting D. good4. A. open B. themselves C. oneself D. own5. A. happily B. enjoy C. exciting D. excited6. A. say B. speak C. talk D. tell（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Ja

37、ck is the name of a game that is quite popular with children. To play jacks you will need a small rubber ball and ten small metal objects c_ jacks. The rules for this game are not complicated. To begin, you put the ten jacks on the floor or ground in f_ of you. Throw the ball up but not too high, pi

38、ck up one jack, and then catch the ball. Keep the jack in your hand and then go on p_ up the other jacks on at a time. You lose your turn if you do not catch the ball, you do not pick up a jack or you drop any jacks from your h_. When you finish all ten jacks, you now try to do the s_ thing again bu

39、t with two jacks at one time. This is m_ difficult, of course. You lose your turn if you make any of the other three mistakes or i_ you do not pick up exactly two jacks each time！Answer the questions （根据短文内容回答下列问题） Feeling tired lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Per

40、haps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong. Then consider this, you might be in a state of subhealth（亚健康）. Subhealth, also called the third state of grey state is explained as a border line（分界线） state between health and disease. According t

41、o an investigation, over 45 percent of subhealthy people who work in management positions as well as students around exam time. Symptoms（症状） include lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia（失眠）, agitation（焦虑）, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and achi

42、ng in the waist and legs. The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open-air activities. As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They shoul

43、d also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements- vitamins and trace elements- that are important to the body. Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive trace. They a

44、lso say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.Questions1. What is the border line state between health and disease called?2. What percent of subhealthy people are middle-aged of elderly?3. What should people eat less in a healthy diet?4. Are lack of energy, depression, slow reac

45、tions, insomnia, agitation and poor memory symptoms of subhealth?5. What kind of food is rich in nutritional elements？（营养元素） 6. What is very helpful in avoiding subhealth according to the nutrition experts?提升题：I. Choose the best answer. 1. How_Greek do you know? I am sorry. I know _ about it. Its to

46、o difficult.A. manyfew B. muchlittle C. manya few D. muchlittle2. Its_ use talking without doing.A. not B. no C. none D. no one3. _ people in Shanghai go swimming in freezing weather.A. Few B. A few C. Little D. A little4. We need _ color chalk. Have you got _?A. somesome B. someany C. anyany D. any

47、some5. He has quite a lot of interesting magazines but I have _.A. no                           B. noneC. no one         

48、0;              D. neither6. Would you lend me _ of your money, please?A. any                         B. manyC. som

49、e                        D. a lot of7. _ agree to your plan.A. Anyone of us        B. No one of usC. None of us     

50、0;            D. Someone of us8. What do you think of the environment in our city ? I think there is_ air pollution than before and our city looks more beautiful.A. littleB. lessC. a littleD. few9. When shall we meet again ? Make it_ day you lik

51、e. Its all the same to me.A. otherB. anyC. the otherD. another10. How many people were hurt in the accident ?_.A. EverybodyB. SomebodyC. NoneD. AnybodyII. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Wood-block printings was invented sometime between 4th and thee 7th c_

52、1_in China. The earliest book that we have was p _2_in 868 and was found in a Dunhuang cave. Wood-block printing took a long time because a new block was needed for every p _3_in a book. By the 11th century printed books could be f _4_all over China. They included books of Confuciuss thought, dictio

53、naries, and books on maths. In 1340, books could be printed using two c_5_, black and red. A _6_the Chinese learnt about printing so early, printing was not introduced in other parts of the world for hundreds of years. It is thought that when the great Italian traveller Marco Polo visited China in t

54、he 13th century, he s _7_printed books. It is possible that Marco Polo brought that k_8_ to Europe. But printed books didnt come to Europe u_9_1450 when a German called Johann Guttenberg i_10_ a printing machine. Twenty-four years later, in 1474, an Englishman called William Caxton printed the first printed book in English. His second book was about the game of chess. Caxton printed about a hundred books, and some can still be found today in museums.II.Answer the questions When visitors came to see Sherlock Holmes in Baker Stree