《学科英语》1、2、3、6、10单元答案

1、Unit 1预习练习参考答案Passage 11.科学知识1. scientific knowledge2.实践知识2. practical knowledge3.应用科学3. applied science4.科学原理4. scientific principle5.操作条件5. operating condition6.预期功能6. intended function7.机械原理7. mechanical principle8.民用建筑8. civilian structure9.技术学科9. technical discipline10.分支学科10. sub-discipline11.

2、基础设施11. infrastructure12.制造工程12. manufacturing engineeringTask 11. Tissue engineering has been a newly developed _ whichrepresents the new direction of biologicalmedicine engineering.disciplinea branch of knowledge组织工程学是一门新兴的学科，它代表了生物医学工程领域发展的新方向。2. What sort of preferential policies can foreign inv

3、estors in software and integrated _ industry enjoy? circuitan electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow外商投资软件产业和集成电路产业能享受何种优惠政策？3. NC machine tools are difficult to _ and often result in heavy economic losses when they go wrongdue to the high prices.maintainkeep in a cert

4、ain state数控机床由于价格昂贵，一旦出现故障，维修困难，常带来较大的经济损失。4. The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a _.generatorengine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction利用发电机可以把机械能转变成电能。5. Research has thrown doubt on the view that _ intellige

5、nce can ever be measured. innatenot established by conditioning or learning科学研究对内在智力可以衡量这一观点表示怀疑。6. How much _ exists between the content of this magazine and its associated websiteoverlapa representation of common ground between theories or phenomena？该杂志和它的相关网页存在多少重叠的部分？7. The Earthcrust ismadeup o

6、fa dozenor sohard plates that drift on _ hot,softrock like floatingislands on a sea.extremelyto a high degree or extent地壳由大约12 个板块构成。就像在海上漂流的岛屿一样，这些板块在极端高温的岩浆上漂移。8. The speed limiter is an indispensable auxiliary _ in the internal combustion engine used in forklift (叉车 ). apparatusequipment designed

7、 to serve a specific function限速器是叉车用内燃式发动机中不可或缺的辅助装置。9. It is proved through the experiment that this method can effectively prevent this kind of _ reactionfrom occurring.permutationan event in which one thing is substituted for another通过实验证明，本方法能有效地防止这种置换反应的发生。10. _ is traditionally used for the st

8、udy of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Etymologya history of a word词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。Task 21. be consistent with他说，未来的改革必须符合自由贸易和开放投资的原则。2. specialize in启动成本较低，因为每个企业都可以只专门从事一个很窄的领域。3. derive from以上这些能力都源自一种叫机器学习的东西，它在许多现代人工智能应用中都处于核心地位。4. A range of创业公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式产品让

9、人们欢欣鼓舞,跃跃欲试。5. date back to置身硅谷的我们时常淹没在各种“新新”方式之中，我们常常忘记了，我们只是在重新发现一些可追溯至涉及商业根本的朴素教训。Task 3TFFTFTask 51. 工程师对于自己的职业行为最常见的观点是：他们是通过应用科学结论来计划、开发、设计和推出技术产品的。2. 技术是应用科学，即它是定律中因果关系向终端意图关系的转化。3. 抛开向顾客提供渴求产品的这些善举不说，工程师的其他所有行为不管是从道德上来看还是从价值上判断都是处于中立的，因为找到适当的方式只是应用科学结论的一个任务而已。4. 这些结论可以有对错之分，但谈不上好坏之别。应用科学被认为是

10、一种自动或决定的过程，其只受自然法则的约束，比如物理定律而不是道德条例。5. 工程师的观点就工程师是做什么的这一问题在这部分中进行了简要的描述是纯粹出于技术角度而言，同时也有些理想主义。Unit 2预习练习参考答案Passage 11.拐点1. inflection point2.范式转变2. paradigm shift3.提高生产率3. increase productivity4.自动化生产线4. automated assembly line5.提高效率5. increase efficiency6.降低成本6. cut costs7.大规模生产7. mass production8.

11、工厂车间8. factory floor9.制造功能9. manufacturing function10.电子产品10. electronics products11.智能产品11. smart products12.模块化系统12. modular system13.嵌入式装置13. embedded device14.控制系统14. control system15.机器对机器通信15.machine-to-machine(M2M)16.虚拟图像 / 表达communication17.制造过程16. virtual representation18.战略建议17. manufactur

12、ing process19.官方高科技战略18. strategic recommendation20.行业伙伴19. official High-Tech Strategy21.深远影响20. sector partner22.原始数据21. far reaching consequences23.反馈，回馈22. raw data24.精细过程控制23. feedback25.资产跟踪24. fine-grained process control26.记忆芯片25. asset tracking27.次位供应商26. memory chips28.低成本产品27. second-sour

13、ce supplier29.净效益28. low cost products29. net benefitTask 11. The wirelessapplicationservermustbe an open,_architecture,toprovidetheuser withthemaximum flexibility and extensibility to ease development and deployment.modulara self-contained unit or item无线应用程序服务器必须是开放的、模块化的体系结构，为用户提供最大的灵活性和可扩充性，以方便开发

14、和部署。2. The 1935 Ford is mechanically much like its _ in the Model 40 series. predecessoran ancestor, forefather1935 年型的福特车在机械方面与它40 型系列的前身非常相像。3. Continuous _ and improvement: At the end of an iteration of work, we always look back at how wedid and figure out what we can do differently next time to

15、improve.feedback反馈，回馈不断的反馈和改善：在每一次迭代的末尾，我们总是回顾我们以前是怎么做的，并且思考我们下次可以做哪些不同的事来改善流程。4. New boosters can increase the payload by almost one order of _. magnitudegreatness of size or amount新型助推器能使有效负载几乎增加一个数量级。5. Taking a physical _ means making a systematic count of all merchandise on hand.inventory存货存货的盘

16、点是指对所有库存商品进行系统的盘点。6. This ability to _ solar energy is something that fossil fuel burning cannot match.decentralize分散这个分散太阳能的能力是传统的燃料燃烧所比不上的。7. The government plans to _ a competition law. draftto draw the outlines or plan of政府计划起草一部竞争法。8. The inside of a smart card usually contains an _ microproces

17、sor. embeddedfixed or incorporated, as into a surrounding mass智能卡的内部通常会嵌入一个微处理器。9. Offices are fitted with alarm devices to _ the manager in an emergency.alertto advise or warn; cause to be on guard办公室里装有警报装置，遇到紧急情况时可向经理报警。10. The monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal _.

18、slaba broad, flat, somewhat thick piece of stone, wood, or other solid material这座纪念碑由两根垂直的柱体构成，它们共同支撑着一块平板。Task 21. give rise to经济全球化、信息技术和电子商务的发展对物流产生了深刻的影响，并产生了新的物流特征。2. kick start当这一过程成功时，初创企业就将建立起自身的竞争优势。通过进一步的学习、改进、进而创新提高行业竞争力，使其在技术领域有能力与龙头企业抗衡。3. all the rage时下另一种同样流行的事物是开放式应用程序接口。4. in conjun

19、ction with必须将机械测试结果与催化剂活性、选择性和稳定性数据联系起来进行综合评价。5. give way to如果这类服务确受欢迎的话，那么利用专用语音导览装置的方法有可能被另一种不同的方法所取代。Task 3FFTTTTask 51. 已有很多文章指出，摩尔定律，即集成电路芯片上晶体管密度呈指数级增长的定律，行将失效。2. 显然格罗夫是个令人敬畏的技术天才，但他在管理方法上更为知名。他在1996年出版的一本名为只有偏执狂才能生存的书中描述了他自己的管理方法。3. 1994 年引入了一款新型奔腾微处理器，有些用户注意到它有一个处理上的缺陷，而格罗夫觉得无足轻重，除了最资深用户外，低端

20、用户不受影响，可以不予理睬。4. 不论以何种方式来衡量，这些具有高密集度且功能强大的集成电路都在创造这个科技时代中占有主导地位，如今我们往往也认为如此。5. 对于他们来说，巨大的风险来自其长期安享现状。当他们从投资数十亿美元的集成电路生产线榨取最后一点利润的时候，别人则成功地着手应用全新的计算技术和业务模式，从而淘汰这样的集成电路生产线，就像当初晶体管和集成电路淘汰真空管一样。Unit 3预习练习参考答案Passage 11.笼统的术语1. a catch-all term2.输入数据2. input data3.社交网络3. social networks4.服务器日志4. server l

21、ogs5.卫星图像5. satellite imagery6.音频流6. audio streams7.金融市场7. financial market8.软件平台8. software platform9.大数据分析9. big data analytics10.可扩展存储10. scalable storage11.存档数据11. archived data12.关系数据库12. relational database13.处理选项13. processing options14.数据仓库14. data warehousing15.预定架构15. predetermined schema1

22、6.增长率16. increasing rate17.互联网和移动时代17. the Internet and mobile era18.数据流18. data flow19.竞争优势19. competitive advantage20.流动源20. a streaming source21.大容量存储器21. bulk storage22.批处理22. batch processing23.反馈环路23. feedback loop24.分布式计算工作24. a Hadoop job25.数据流25. streaming data26.产品分类26. product categories2

23、7.流处理27. streaming processing28.专利产品28. proprietary products29.开放源代码框架29. open source frameworks30.键值存储30. key-value stores31.柱状数据库31. columnar databases32.关系结构32. relational structure33.实体解析33. entity resolution34.源数据34. source data35.应用数据35. application data36.数据类型不匹配36. data type mismatchTask 11.

24、 Power and performance also depend on the weight and shape of the bullet and its _.velocityrapidity of motion or operation; swiftness; speed（枪的）威力和性能同样要依靠弹头的重量和形状以及它的速率。2. The number of e-mails you receive grows if you do not set the system to _specific times.discardto cast aside or dispose of; get

25、rid ofthem or store them at如果不进行系统设置来丢弃邮件或在特定时间存储邮件，您收到的电子邮件数量将会不断增加。3. The _ concept of component has a formal, well-defined meaning in the context of this system. nebuloushazy, vague, indistinct, or confused组件这一模糊的概念在此系统环境中具有了正式的、明确界定的含义。4. This remote video terminal features a modular, open and _

26、 design, and can operate at different frequencies and with different waveforms.scalablecapable of being scaled该视频终端采用模块化、开放式、可扩展设计，可以工作于不同的频率和波形。5. "Cloud computing" is a _ term and covers many industries and many different segments. catch-allSomething designed to cover a variety of situat

27、ions or possibilities associated with the product“云计算”是一个涵盖范围很广的术语，涉及许多行业与不同部门。6. Web Accelerator will _ the system settings of your present Internet connection and raise your websurfing speed by up to 300%.optimizeto write or rewrite (the instructions in a program) so as to maximize efficiency and

28、speed in retrieval, storage, or execution网络加速器将优化您当前互联网连接的系统设置，并将您的网上冲浪速度提高达300% 。7. This framework structure is _, flexible for modular design, and can be used in real-time data acquisition and processing.versatilehaving or capable of many uses这种架构结构灵活，通用性强，适合模块化设计，可以用于实时数据采集和处理。8. Many of these ca

29、pabilities can beimplemented either using_ technologies, or through the use ofopen prietarymanufactured and sold only by the owner of the patent, formula, brand name, or trademark许多这些功能既可以使用专有技术实现，也可以通过利用开放标准实现。9. To summarize,next generation batch processing systems must be _ enough to

30、 meet requirementsfrom customers of all shapes and sizes.agileable to think quickly, solve problems, and have new ideas总而言之，下一代批处理系统必须足够地灵活快捷，以满足各种规模客户的需求。10. One of the most common tasks for Android applications is to _ or send data over the network to a remote server.retrieveto recover or regainAn

31、droid应用程序一个最常见的任务就是检索数据或通过网络将数据发送到远程服务器。Task 21. come into play当你遭遇车祸时，这些通信系统也会起作用，自动地呼叫帮助。2. make the point that我们无意抹煞斯坦福·莱佛士和英国人对这个岛屿(新加坡 )的发展所做的贡献，但我们要说，那并非我们历史的全部。3. beat out印第安纳波利斯从近百座城市中胜出，成为美国联合航空公司大型维修中心的所在地。4. to his advantage和视觉界面设计一样，视觉信息设计也有很多未来的设计者可以充分利用的原则。5. break down有些洗衣粉能通过化学作

32、用分解蛋白质。Task 3FTFTTTask 51. 但是理解所有的数据需要帮助，这种帮助正以机器学习的方式呈现。2. 计算的发展历史一直以来都像是钟摆一样，在集中式和分散式之间来回摆动。3. 人们对于在边缘网络进行计算的兴趣重燃，- 思科公司称之为“雾计算”：也就是将微型传感器与更强大的本地计算结合在一起的小型的局部云- 而这可能会使许多工作再次转移到设备或本地网络上完成。4. 是将所有数据集中式计算，还是更加侧重边缘计算？系统架构师深谙这两者之间的矛盾。5. 我们正密切关注其他一些领域，在这些领域该项技术正在众多不同的传统企业机构生根发芽。Unit 6 预习练习参考答案Passage 11

33、. 3D 打印1. 3D printing2.人机交互2. human-robot interactions3.生产流程3. production process4.劳动分工4. division of labor5.热动力学5. thermodynamics6.技术革命6. technological revolution7.水力，水能7. waterpower8.电动机8. electric motor9.内燃机9. internal combustion engine10.原材料10. raw materials11.能工巧匠11. skilled craftsmen12.人均收入12.

34、 income per capita13.农业劳动13. agricultural work14.登机牌14. boarding passTask 11. The second method available is to _ the content within the application itself. encodeto convert (a message, information, etc.) into code可用的第二种方法是在应用程序自身中对内容进行编码。2. The Yangtze has developed into a particularly strong _ pla

35、tform for the transport of bulk commodities.logisticsthe branch of science and operations dealing with the procurement, supply, and maintenance of equipment在大宗商品运输方面，长江已经发展成为一个非常强大的物流平台。3. If experiences of major booms and busts _ the way we behave, it's something that macro economists may need

36、to take into account.shapeto give definite form, shape, organization, or character to; fashion or form如果说大繁荣和大萧条时期的经历塑造了人们的行为方式，那么宏观经济学家或许需要考虑到这一点。4. You can _ the user interfaceto present informationto the user or to gather information from theuser.customizeto make or change something according to

37、the buyer's or user's needs你可以自定义用户界面，以便将信息显示给用户或从用户那里收集信息。5. Incandescent bulbs may be a bit safer than _ bulbs, which do emit very small amounts of ultraviolet light.fluorescentstrikingly bright, vivid, or glowing白炽灯泡可能比荧光灯泡安全些，因为后者会发出少量的紫外线。6. The study of Chinese _ has a long history in

38、China,as one of the most important parts of Chineselinguistics.etymologya chronological account of the birth and development of a particular word or element of a word汉语词源研究作为中国语言研究的重要组成部分，在中国已有悠久的历史。7. Infuture,close cooperationand an intensiveexchange of_ willbe establishedbetweenthetwobusinesses.k

39、nowhowknowledge of how to do something; faculty or skill for a particular activity; expertise今后，两家企业之间将建立密切的合作和专有技术的深度交流。8. The ability to acquire, _ and master technologies as well as innovate can be achieved in many ways. diffuseto spread or scatter widely or thinly; disseminate获取、推广和掌握技术以及革新的能力可通

40、过许多途径实现。9. Toshiba said in December that it would _ production of some logic chips. outsource(of a company or organization) to purchase (goods) or subcontract (services) from an outside supplier or source东芝公司12 月表示，它将外包一些逻辑芯片的生产业务。10. He remained in the _ for many months, the company paying all his

41、expenses. sanatoriuma hospital for the treatment of chronic diseases, as tuberculosis or various nervous or mental disorders他在疗养院住了好几个月，所有费用都由公司出。Task 21. rather than这个报告关注的是技术如何影响人类生活，而非商业活动。2. on average如果操作系统在平均情况下能支持任务的执行期限，则称它为软实时系统。3. is supposed to在我看来，这次表现是不可宽恕的，和奥运精神相悖。4. account for计算机占据了该

42、国商业用电的5% 。5. open up这两家公司决定合作开拓新市场。Task 3FTTFFTask 51. 增材制造这一名称恰如其分，它用来描述通过增加多层材料来制造3D 物体的技术。这些材料可以是塑料、金属、混凝土，或者有一天甚至是人体组织。2. 零部件信息可通过数字形式发送，在家中或邻近消费者的地方打印，减少对运输的需求和依赖。3. 尽管各媒体常用“ 3D 打印”指代所有增材制造的工序，实际上两者之间很多工序不尽相同，且分层制造方法也各不相同。4. 转换成 STL文件会对各种形状进行细化，其所需时间取决于个人电脑的性能和模型的复杂性。5. 超声波增材制造工艺使用金属板或金属带，并利用超声

43、波焊接而成。Unit 10预习练习参考答案Passage 11.数字技术1.digital technology2.大都市生活2.metropolitan life3.城市生活3.urban life4.乡村生活4.rural life5.数据生态系统5.data ecosystem6.城市规划6.city planning7.智能建筑7.smart buildings8.关键因素8.crucial factor9.自动化可视系统9.automation and visualization system10.交通流量10.traffic flows11.能源管理11.energy manage

44、ment12.给水，配水12.water distribution13.水处理13.water disposal14.神经元网络14.neuronal networks15.城市基础设施15.urban infrastructures16.供给与需求16.supply and demand17.储能系统17.energy storage system18.工作模式18.working patterns19.太阳能电池板19.solar panels20.风力发电机20.wind generator21.农产品21.agricultural products22.全息摄影工作室22.hologr

45、aphic studio23.虚拟空间23.virtual space24.冷藏库，冷藏室24.cold store25.后勤经理；厂务经理25.facility managerTask 11. The ability to _, analyze, and reflect upon large amounts of data is crucial in today's information age. siftto separate and retain the coarse parts of (flour, ashes, etc.) with a sieve当今信息时代里，拥有筛选、

46、分析和反思大容量数据的能力是至关重要的。2. The only _ to this pint-sized vehicle is it's inability to withstand a collision with a full-sized vehicle. downsidea discouraging or negative aspect这种小型车的唯一缺点便是其不能抵挡住大型车辆的撞击。3. This has led some economists to predict a risk for a hard landing _ and financial crises in Lat

47、via andEstonia.scenarioan outline of the plot of a dramatic work这使得一些经济学家预测出现硬着陆的情况，以及在拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚有金融危机的风险。4. Any attempt to regulate the Internet in China to prevent further privacy violations is likely to prompt _debate.raucousharsh; strident; grating任何试图规范中国互联网，避免更多侵犯隐私事件的行为，都会引发嘈杂的争论。5. Though the design of _ roads varies from country to country, city to city, and even within cities, they share a number of common design characteristics.arterialbeing or constituting a main route, channel, or other course of flow or access, often with m