大学英语四级作文讲义

1、完型填空做题技巧（一）Prep Tips for Cloze I做题步骤：1、通读全文，了解文章大意；文章两种模式：总分、对比；2、初选答案（排除法、优选法）；3、寻找线索；4、回头补缺；5、核实答案。 II出题重点：1词语的辨析：1）同义词； 2）反义词； 3）形近词； 形近词举例：Test 2 . or down frightening hillsides to towns _87_ in deep valleys. 87. A) lying B) laying C) laid D) lied 注：说谎：lie lied lied lying 躺：lie lay lain lying 放置

2、，下蛋：lay laid laid laying2逻辑关系：1）列举/种属关系：suchas; especially; in particular; specifically; for example; for instance; likely;2）因果关系：because (for); due to; owing to; thanks to; since; for; as; for the reason that; seeing that;3）并列/递进：besides; likewise; moreover; also; too; whats more; apart from; excep

3、t; furthermore; not nolybut also.; in addition;4）转折/让步关系：however; but; never the less; nonetheless; whereas; still; though; although; anyhow; anyway; in any case; yet;5）对比关系：by contrast; in contrast; by comparison; like; asas; on the contrary; conversely; oppositely; .than.;逻辑关系举例1：Test 4Sometimes h

4、omework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade.76. A) by B) in C) for D) with逻辑关系举例2：Test 2The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. _71_ these wide modern roads are gene

5、rally _72_ and well maintained, with _73_ sharp curves and many straight _74_, a direct route is not always the most _ 75_ one. 71. A) AlthoughB) SinceC) Because D) Therefore72. A) stableB) splendidC) smoothD) complicated73. A) littleB) fewC) muchD) many74. A) selectionsB) separationsC) seriesD) sec

6、tions75. A) terribleB) possibleC) enjoyableD) profitable3固定结构的识别：提高阅读的速度、对于内容有合理的预期、有利于总体把握文章：eitheror; neithernor; tooto; sothat; notuntil; hardlywhen; no soonerthan; not onlybut also固定结构举例：Test 3 76 geography books focus on a small area 77 a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nati

7、on. Or an 78 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another 79 to divide the study of 80 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 81 starts with human beings and 82 how human beings and their environment act

8、 83 each other. but when geography is considered as a single subject, 84 branch can neglect the other.76. A) SomeB) ManyC) MostD) Few77. A) outsideB) exceptC) asD) like81. A) secondB) laterC) nextD) latter2搭配：例如：a. + n.; ad. + v. ; take advantage of.; make use of.等；3动词用法：1）主谓一致； 2）时态； 3）语态； 4）非谓语动词；

9、4介词用法：1）介词与名词； 2）介词与动词； 3）介词与形容词；.写作的重要性 6分最低限，只要结构不出错，得分应该为9分。评判作文四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。内容不跑题即可，注意：1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。结构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句(Conclusion)。语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。基本表达人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that越来越：be increasingly + adj., be

10、on the rise, the growing number of万能理由（Omnipotence）1. 方便：convenient/ convenience2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency3. 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, 4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conserat

11、ive5. 人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6. 娱乐：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainment, relax, tired, boring, lonely7. 环境：environment, pollute, dirty8. 安全和危险：safe, danger, risk9. 经验：experience, social experience, enter the society10. 人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, f

12、reedom, freely写完之后修改注意：（内容方面尽量不要修改）1、字母大小写 2、怪符号 3、单词拼写 4、主谓一致 5、动词时态 6、名词单复数I、对比观点选择题IV、书信题的写作方法V、谚语格言题逻辑结构III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构实例一题目：BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及（2）和汽车的比较（3）自行车在中国的前途Score: 8 Bicycle is an important me

13、ans of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it

14、to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport. The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doe

15、snt ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isnt too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesnt need any oil, and it cant cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car. In the future, bicycle will be widel

16、y used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles.Score: 14Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles

17、 to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.注：1. 第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。 2. During the rush hour 分词结构开头。 3. 破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for healt

18、h. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.注：1. Compared with

19、cars 分词结构开头。 2. be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于 3. thirst, second, third 英语语言有层次感，信号词 4. cheap 便宜，最好用inexpensive 5. be good for health 对健康有好处（万能理由） 6. Moreover 表示递进In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, r

20、iding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.注：promising 有前途的 a promising young manScore: 11 There millions of bicycles in todays China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in peoples daily lives. Because

21、 to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the riders strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.注：第一句应该用there be结构Compared with a car, a bicycle is

22、 much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of Chinas bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced

23、 by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that its quality will be improved.I、对比观点选择题：1.有人认为； 2.另外一些人认为； 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。（最好写成4段）实例二 99年6月真题Reading

24、Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are

25、published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today'

26、s society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Whos right? I think both of them hav

27、e something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点； （2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。Score: 14分How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has

28、his own view.（启）注：第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the

29、 books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）注：1. 本段总分总结构 2. they argue that = they think that 3. with the development of. 随着的发展 4. what's more

30、递进关系，moreover 5. bad = pornographic 色情的 & violent 暴力的典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（转）Paragraph III：（1）承上启下的过渡句； （2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to s

31、ucceed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.（转）注：1. But 转折词（信号词） 2. they emphasize that = they think that 3. today's society is not what it was 现代社会今昔非比 4. 许多知识 a wide range of

32、 knowledge/ a large scope of knowledge/ much knowledge； 获取知识 acquire/ get knowledge 5. knows nothinglittle；he may be uselesshe may not be of great use to the society 后者比前者更委婉典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；（2）给出自己的观点。Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we s

33、hould read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.（合）Score: 11分When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.注：结构非常好，可以

34、套用。Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never

35、touch the bad books.注：1.“people, who.,”应去掉逗号，改为限制性定语从句。 2. as many as bad books 改为 as many as bad ones 3. lead us to the wrong way 改为 lead sb. astray 4. they suggest that = they think that 5. touch 碰（闪光点词汇：shouldering the responsibility of doing sth. 肩负起责任）But, the other people, who hold that readin

36、g extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.注：1. hold 认为 同样表

37、示“think”的词还有argue, emphasize, believe, suggest, claim, insist, maintain, agree, hold 2. the best book 在西方国家是“圣经”的意思 3. to know more, to read more 错误，中式英语To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of

38、reading. 范文22. Is Television a Blessing or a Curse?Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in peoples lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse. 注：it is generally accepted that 人们通常认为As is often pointed out by so

39、me people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive s

40、cenes of nature are brought right into ones room.注：1. As is often pointed out by some people = Some people think that 2. “使”不用make，而用keep, allow, offerHowever, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major

41、 one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes

42、, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted.In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determi

43、nes its value to society.范文5. Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food a

44、nd try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have.注：geographical and historical 押尾韵，如：押头韵 clear & clean Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money

45、 and walking while seeing sights often tires you.In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and lov

46、e.注：1. in practice = I think 2. does more good than harm 好处比坏处多，其他表达方法：be superior to/ inferior to 比如：the advantages are superior to the disadvantages 3. enable 使范文1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test

47、(CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who exc

48、el in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.使句子具有表现力的手段：1、用形容词修饰名词；2、副词修饰动词、副词修饰形容词On the oth

49、er hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under considerable pressure from their opinion derives from the fact that students are already u

50、nder considerable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck. In my opinion, a

51、test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice

52、 oral English in the remaining years of my college study.范文21. Should smoking be banned?Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say th

53、at giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go.注：1. vary greatly 许多种2. be in favor of = agree/ be of the opinion that3. get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed 使人神清气爽 4. Giving and being given 给与被给。主、被动关系在英文中用现在、过去分词

54、表达。But other people consider it very harmful to peoples health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctors warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart att

55、ack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to peoples life and property.注：1.They have heard the official reports that . 官方报告表明. 2. be more likely to 更有可能，更容易3. chance 可能There is some truth in both arguments, but humans life and property

56、 outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, cant we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed?注：1. outweigh 比重要，同样的表达：be superior to/ be inferior to。overweight 超重2. 最后用两句反问句结尾，非常精妙。课后作业 Private Cars写成4段的首段写法： In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. People's attitude toward private cars varies widely. With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chin