5m钻深32mm孔径底板锚索钻机设计（全套含8张CAD图纸、说明书）
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任 务 书 1毕业设计的背景：针对深部破碎围岩，需要形成一套完善的锚杆钻孔设备，对巷道底板进行实施锚杆支护，使锚杆支护技术和方法得到完善。通过对该钻孔设备的研究，将进一步推动锚杆支护在我国煤矿高应力软岩支护中的应用，为煤矿高应力软岩巷道底板快速锚杆支护提供有力的技术支撑，同时实现一定的经济和社会效益。2毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求：1）与课题有关的外文文献翻译不少于4000汉字；2）设计说明书的字数不少于20000字；3）毕业答辩图纸总量不少于3张A0图纸；4）主要参考文献不少于15篇（包括2篇以上外文文献）3主要参考文献：1液压传动与气压传动M. 冶金工业出版社 , 朱新才等, 20092机械设计手册M. 化学工业出版社 , 成大先主编, 20023气体动力学基础M. 西北工业大学出版社 , 王新月, 20064地下凿岩设备M. 冶金工业出版社 , 周志鸿等编著, 20045气动锚杆钻机的设计与研究D. 孙艳.辽宁工程技术大学 20064毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位)：第一周、课题调研，查阅资料，熟悉AutoCAD等软件的应用功能。第二周、完成开题报告及外文资料翻译第三周、拟订底板锚索钻机总体设计方案第四周、绘制锚索钻机的工作原理图第五周、进行有关计算，确定主要技术参数第六周、完成主要装置的选型第七周、绘制锚索钻机的装配图第八周、,绘制锚索钻机的装配图第九周、,绘制机架装配图第十周、绘制主要零件图第十一周、修改完善锚索钻机的装配图第十二周、撰写毕业设计说明书第十三周、撰写毕业设计说明书教研室审查意见： 室主任签名： 年 月 日学院审查意见： 教学院长签名： 年 月 日 开题报告课题名称 5m钻深32mm孔径底板锚索钻机设计课题来源B.社会生产实践课题类型工程设计类1选题的背景及意义：1.1 课题研究的背景煤炭是我国最主要的能源，所占比例长期保持在70%以上，产量居世界第一，2011年全国煤炭产量已超过35亿吨。据不完全统计，我国国有大中型煤矿每年新掘进的巷道总长度高达10000余千米。目前，随着浅部资源的逐渐减少和枯竭，煤矿巷道的深度在不断向深部延伸。全国已有近30个矿区的开采深度超过800m，大量矿井的开采深度已超过1200m以上，甚至一些新建的矿井的深度就已超过1000m，随着开采深度的增加，深部巷道也出现了明显的高压、高渗透压力和工程长时间不稳定等问题。进入深部开采以后，许多原来认为是硬岩的矿井也有部分或全部进入软岩状态。常规的锚喷支护、U型钢支架等难以控制深部高应力围岩软化等引起的过量变形与破坏。在深部地层中，围岩处于高地应力环境中，并且软岩的强度低，单轴饱和抗压强度在5MPa15MPa之间，甚至更低，因此，围岩变形破坏非常强烈，表现在：（1）围岩的自稳时间短，来压快。所谓自稳时间，就是在没有支护的情况下，围岩从暴露到开始失稳的时间。软岩巷道的自稳时间仅为几十分钟到几个小时，巷道来压快。（2）围岩变形量大、速度快、持续时间长。深部高应力软岩巷道的特点就是围岩变形速度快、变形量大、持续时间长。一般来说100mm/d，巷道掘进的第12天，变形速度少的510 mm/d，多的达50100 mm/d，变形持续时间一般为2560天，有的长达半年以上仍不稳定。（3）围岩四周来压、底鼓明显。在较硬岩层中，围岩对支护的压力主要来自顶板，中硬岩层围岩对支护的压力主要来自顶板和两帮，但在深部高应力软岩巷道中，中硬岩层围岩对支护的压力则是四周来压、底鼓明显。底鼓明显是高应力软岩巷道的重要特征。（4）普通的刚性支护普遍破坏。深部高应力软岩巷道变形量大、持续时间长，普通刚性支护所承受的变形压力很大，施工后很快就发生破坏。原岩应力较高，故一旦开挖，随即发生内应力释放和回弹，并引起相应的应力的调整和变形。巷道开挖卸荷相当于在原岩应力状态上叠加相应反方向拉应力，于是工程岩体（尤其是层状和似层状岩体）在类似横弯或纵弯作用下发生挠曲，或者沿结构面发生剪胀滑移变形，岩体强度降低，围岩发生体积膨胀变形（扩容）。应力释放引起的回弹和应力调整引起的扩容使岩体中原本闭合的结构面张开滑移，在改变岩体应力状态和强度的同时，也改变了围岩水文地质条件，工程用水沿张开裂隙渗流，进一步降低了岩体强度，或者加剧了具有膨胀性岩石的物理化学膨胀和力学膨胀，从而使围岩产生较大的收敛位移，变现为侧墙鼓出、底鼓和顶压等。2研究内容拟解决的主要问题：本文从工程应用的角度出发，研究一种适用于高应力软岩巷道底板锚固施工的履带式液压底板锚索钻机，以实现和加快底板锚固的作业，实现软岩巷道全断面的锚固，有效控制巷道变形，主要研究内容如下：（1）履带式全液压底板锚索钻机的结构设计研究；（2）液压系统的设计研究。3研究方法技术路线：1. 在接到5m钻深32mm孔径底板锚索钻机设计设计任务书后，首先要仔细阅读，明确设计要求以及所给的各参数，在心中明确一个大致的设计思路。2. 通过阅读学习相关文献资料，了解之前的锚索钻机的设计过程以及学习Pro/E,CAD建模绘图。3.运用Pro/E进行三维建模和工程图的绘制以及运动仿真。5.结合国内外已有的锚索钻机来优化并完善自己的设计。4研究的总体安排和进度计划：第1周 查阅资料；第2周 撰写开题报告；第3周 锚索钻机总体方案设计；第4周 锚索钻机结构的设计及研究；第5周 各部分零件结构设计、零件图的绘制；第6周 完成总装配图；第7、8周 三维建模、仿真；第911周 完成英文翻译、撰写毕业设计说明书初稿、查重；第12周 修改毕业设计说明书、定稿；第13周 准备答辩。5主要参考文献：1 张忠林. Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0机械设计应用实践M.北京: 机械工业出版社, 2010.2濮良贵.机械设计M.北京:高等教育出版社, 2014.3邢邦圣.机械制图与计算机绘图M.北京:化学工业出版社, 2011.4陈秀宁.机械设计课程设计M.浙江:浙江大学出版社, 2012.5机械设计手册编委会机械设计手册（新版）M北京：机械工业出版社，2004.6吴宗泽，罗圣国.机械设计课程设计手册M.3版，北京：高等教育出版社，2006. 7姜繁.国内外液压气动系统接头手册M.北京：中国标准出版社，1993.8程乃士.减速器和变速器设计与选用手册M.北京市：机械工业出版社,2006. 9陶冶.材料成形技术基础M.北京：机械工业出版社，2002. 10赵雪松，任小华，于华.机械制造装备设计M .武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2009. 11张显伟，胡静.Word综合应用M.北京：清华大学出版社，2006. 12戴娟,夏尊凤,汪大鹏.圆柱齿轮减速器设计中应考虑的问题J.长沙大学，2005.13张展.齿轮设计与实用数据速查M.北京：机械工业出版社，2009. 14A.M.Michael, S.D.Khepar, S.K.Sondhi. Water Wells and Pumps J. New Delhhi, India: Tata-McGraw-Hill Publishing Company LTD, 2008. 15Dennis P. Nolan .Fire Fighting Pumping Systems at Industrial Facilities J .New Jersey, USA: Noyes publications, 1998. 16Garr M. Jones, Robert L. Sank, Bayard E. Baseman, George Tchobanoglous. Pumping station design J .Burlington. USA: Elsevier Inc,2008. 17 William B. Rugh, Waterville, Ohio,Right angle drive gearbox J .Publication Date: 03/07/2000,1-6指导教师意见：对“文献综述”的评语： 文献综述深入全面 对总体安排和进度计划的评语 进度安排恰当合理，同意开题 指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见： 通过，同意开题 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日学院意见： 教学院长签名： 年 月 日外文翻译英文部分Study of electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolter based on fuzzy reliability theoryHuang Zizhai,Zhao JingyiHebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, HebeiAbstract: Based on the theory of fuzzy mathematics to describe working conditions of the system, which combined with experiments, to be a calculation method with membership function of normal distribution. It was closer to the actual conditions, so as to ensure system reliability. To introduce construction conditions and performance characteristics of electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolter, and connected with experiment data of practical construction, the feasibility of research method was verified.Keywords: Fuzzy Reliability; Hydraulic Roof Bolter; The Electro-hydraulic System; Normal DistributionI. INTRODUCTIONElectro-hydraulic system is a key part of construction machinery. Now, electrical and hydraulic is more and more closely integrated, it is necessary to study the integrated reliability of the system with the part of electric control1. And the key factor to guarantee normal working of Hydraulic Roof Bolter is higher reliability of electro-hydraulic system. But, the system from normal to failure shows many the states of transition. And it is often so difficult to use accurately numeric to describe the probability of reliability. It is more scientific and rational way, with fuzzy theory, to solve the problems of fuzzy reliability between totally invalid and completely normal 2.Hydraulic Roof Bolter is a important equipment in rock bolting. It is applied to improve ability of laterally loaded in dam foundation, pile foundation, retaining wall, slope treatment, and deep foundation pit (Fig.1). For using electro-hydraulic feed System, the unfavorable factors were heavy and complexity load, long work time, frequent fro movement and adverse working environment etc. So the failure rate was high.Figuer.1 Hydraulic Roof BolterII. THE CALCULATION METHOD OF FUZZY RELIABILITYA. The definition of fuzzy reliability of componentsFor independent components in system, it was described as i (i = 1, 2,3, n). The inherent performance indexes were rated pressure, voltage, flow and current etc, which were discrete random variable. It was expressed as S . The function indexes in system were tempera-ture and humidity, pressure, voltage, flow and current of system and cleanliness of oil etc, which were discrete fuzzy variable. It was expressed as . The formula of fuzzy reliability of components was: (1)Where, -the value of the i th inherent performance index of component i (i =1,2,3, n)- the i th value of function index of component i (i =1,2,3, n)- the probability of the i th inherent performance index of the n th component- the subordinate function of the i th function index of the n th component- the subordinate function of the i th function index of the n th component in thresholdThe f was worked out by fuzzy component failure rate, its calculation formula was: (2)B. The Calculation Model of Fuzzy ReliabilityThe method of L A Zadeh is: (3)Where, the did not expressed fraction, but expressed a corresponding relation from (elements in universe ( U) to (membership function). And the“+” was not summation but signs integral of fuzzy set in universe U . For failure series system, the system was normal when every component was normal working, otherwise, it was failure. To set the U was real number field, and the was fuzzy reliability of system that was approximately normal working. That was:Where, - the fuzzy reliability of the i th component- the number of components The general calculation method was that set the U as real number field, and the as fuzzy reliability of component that was approximately normal working.Fig.2 linear representationThat was:Where, : the mean of the fuzzy number : the lower confidence limit: the upper confidence limitThe linear representation of it is:If the function of and the function of were linear, the was 1. If the variable was or , the was 0. If it was in , was .If the was more closely , the was more closely 1.By the calculation method used normal distribution，the general calculation method was simple and easy3. But the sample space of failure probability of many components was accord with normal distribution. So the calculation method was used by normal distribution that was accurate and reasonably.To set the U was real number field, and thewas fuzzy reliability of component that was approximately normal working. That was: Where, : the mean of the fuzzy number : the lower confidence limit: the upper confidence limitFig.3 the normal distributionTheandwere obtained by calculation of interval estimation of normal distribution, the calculation formula was:Where, : the unbiased estimation of 、:the percentile value of standard normal distribution：the confidence level：the value is obtained by different components parameter：the number of sample As stated above, the confidence interval was：Namely：The number of was corresponding to the 1 of membership degree.If , assumed the membership degree was 0.If ，the membership degree was .The was:III. THE CALCULATION OF FUZZY RELIABILITY OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC FEED SYSTEM OF HYDRAULIC ROOF BOLTERThe study calculation was a example by electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolter.The feed System that was the longest work time was in the electro-hydraulic of Hydraulic Roof Bolter. That was favorable factor for the calculation.Fig.4 structure diagram of Hydraulic Roof BolterFig.5 structure diagram of feed SystemFig.6 The Electro-hydraulic System LogicThe electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolterwere formed with variable pump (I1), gear pump(I2), oil handle(I3), proportional valve(I4), pressure sensor(I5),controller(I6), unravelcylinder(I7). Fig.5. The unravel cylinder drove the power head to unravel and fallback. The construction process of the system was: the first, for drilling, the unravel cylinder provided power to overcome load. The load was large and several variable. The second, for adding pipe, the worker needed to add the other pipe after drilling in a pipe for the demand of depth. For clamping the pipe by fixture, providing overcome power by cylinder to shackle, driving the power head on start point and connecting pipe, the process was accomplished. The third, for drawing water slag discharge, which was needed slag discharge by water into enough depth. The crushed stone and soil was exhaust with water by fro movement of inside drill rod. The inside drill rod was drove by unravel cylinder, which was linked together the power head. For pulling out pipe, the process was opposite to adding pipe, when the construction of the one of borehole. But the load was largest and the pressure was highest.For electro-hydraulic feed System, the system was normal when every component was normal working, otherwise, it was failure. So that was failure series system, which were composed of seven components.As stated above, obtain the fuzzy number of the i th component. That was:When two components were in the system:Then, n components were in the system, deducing the calculation formula:The calculation of fuzzy reliability of electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolter was: Fig.7 experiment in workshopFig.8 experiment in construction siteWith the maintain and repair work eight-hour records each day for ten months, to every work week for the cycle, collecting pressure, temperature and other signals, obtained the necessary experiment data. By applying the data provided by manufacturer, reference documents and experiment, the of every component was obtained. And it was into equation from (6) to (9), calculating out the value of and. Such as:Tab-1The value of tab-1induced into (12) calculating to obtain that:Fig.9 the failure componentsThe results showed that the fuzzy reliability was 0.72817, the membership degree was 1, when the electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolter was working. The reliability of the system was among 0.55024 and 0.90526. In other words, the probability of the value of reliability of the system was about normal distribution.IV. ConclusionsTo comparatively completely describe the changing rules of the reliability of the electro-hydraulic feed system on the basis that fuzzy theory and reliability theory. The calculation method with membership function of normal distribution was proposed, with tracking experiments, that the result was dependability and accuracy. To introduce construction conditions and performance characteristics of electro-hydraulic feed System of Hydraulic Roof Bolter, and connected with experiment data of practical construction, the feasibility of research method was verified. Then, the analysis method was showed effective to study reliability for the electro-hydraulic feed system of Hydraulic Roof Bolter, and providing the scientific theory reference for the reliability design and failure diagnosis which is more and more nowadays.REFERENCES1 Zhao Jingyi; Yao Chengyu. Progress of reliab- ility research on hydraulic system J. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2006(3):50522 Zhao Jingyi, Guo Rui and Wang Zhiyong. The developing of independent suspension and its electro-hydraulic control system of heavy platform vehicle. Journal of Northeastern University, 2008, vol.29, pp237-2403 Guo Rui, Li Na, Zhao Jingyi. Design and Development of SPC90 Slag Pot Carrier of Large Steel Slag TransportationSpecial Device for Steel Mills. 2010 WASE International conference on Information Engineering. Beidai River, China, 2010, pp320-3234 Wang Peizhuang. Fuzzy Set Theoryand its App- licationM. SHANGHAI SCIENCE & TECH- NOLOGY PUBLISHINGHOUSE , 1983.5 Xu Yaoming. The Basis of Hydraulic Reliability Engineering M. HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TE- CHNOLOGY PRESS.1991.New generation automated drilling machine for tunneling and underground mining workJacek KarliskiAbstract：Selected problems of designing a new generation automated drilling machine for tunnelling and underground mining work are presented. The requirements needed to build a machine of this class were identified and collected. An original concept of the self-propelled drilling machine was developed. A virtual model of the machine was created and subjected to different numerical cases of loading. FEM strength calculations of the load- bearing structures were carried out. All the machines work operations have been fully automated. The result is a new original automated drilling machine.2007ElsevoerB.VAll righrs reserved.Keywords: FEM; Drilling machine; Mining1. Introduction Drilling machines find application in tunnelling and mining excavation. Such machines must be functional and meet user expectations. A new original automated modular drilling machine shown in Fig. 1 is proposed.Depending on the model, the Self-Propelled Mining Machine can be used to drill shot holes or anchor holes. All its types and varieties have an identical complete tractor and afront platform (Fig. 1) and differ mainly in the work booms and their attachments. The new generation drilling machines intended use is roof bolting or (after retooling and hydraulic system modification) shot hole boring in tunnelling and underground mining excavation. Fig. 1. Self-propelled modular drilling machine with two booms. The drilling machine consists of a universal tractor, a front platform with an operator protecting structure and a straight-line boom to which different work tools can be attached. The machine can fit expansion and adhesive anchors with a length of 1.82.6 m and a diameter of 2838 mm and drill shot holes 4576 mm in diameter and up to 4340 mm long. Thanks to the load-sensing hydraulic system equipped with ergonomic joysticks the work tools can be quickly reset and the hydraulic feed can be quickly adjusted to the power demand of the drifter drills boring shot holes or anchor holes. The modern hydrostatic drive unit allows the machine to negotiate longitudinal elevations at an angle of up to 12in underground excavations and ensures flexible transfer of drive from the combustion engine to the road wheels. Meeting all the noise and exhaust cleanliness the drive unit ensures excellent ergonomic conditions for the operator during driving. Since the operator will work in very difficult environmental conditions, i.e. at high ambient temperatures (above 35 C), high humidity (around 95%) and in enclosed areas with limited air movement (mine faces), the machine should be equipped with an air-conditioned ergonomic cabin. The machine has an original straight-line boom (Fig. 2) rotatable by 360 whose kinematics enables boring parallel holes in mining excavations 35 m2 in cross-section and roof bolting in 7.5 m wide and 7.0 m high excavations at one setting of the machine. Fig. 2. Kinematics of boom rotatable by 360Fig. 3. 3D virtual model of self-propelled drilling machine.中文部分基于模糊可靠性理论的液压锚杆钻机的电液进料系统的研究摘 要基于模糊数学理论来描述系统的工作条件，与实验相结合，形成了一个采用正态分布隶属函数的计算方法。它更接近实际情况，确保了系统的可靠性。介绍了液压锚杆钻机电液进料系统的建立条件和性能特点，并且联系实际施工中的实验数据，验证了研究方法的可行性。关键词:模糊可靠性；液压锚杆钻机；电液控制系统；正态分布I. 引言 电液系统是工程机械的重要组成部分。目前，电气和液压越来越紧密地结合起来，因此很有必要研究有电气控制部分的集成系统的可靠性1。以保证液压锚杆钻机正常工作的关键因素是较高的电液系统的可靠性。然而，从系统正常运行到出现故障显示了过渡过程中的多种状态。并且，往往很难用准确的数字来描述可靠性的概率。更加科学合理的方法是，应用模糊理论解决完全失效和完全正常之间的模糊可靠性问题2。液压锚杆钻机是岩石锚杆支护中的重要设备。它用于提高大坝地基、打桩地基、挡土墙、挡土墙、边坡治理、深层地基等的横向承载能力（如图1）。由于使用电动液压进料系统时，存在复杂的重负荷、工作时间长、频繁往复运动和恶劣的工作环境等不利的因素，因此失效率较高。图1液压锚杆钻机II.模糊可靠性的计算方法A各组件的模糊可靠性定义 对于系统中的独立分量，可描述为i（I = 1，2,3，N）。固有性能指标为额定压力、电压、流量、电流等，均为离散型随机变量，记作S。系统功能指标包括温度和湿度、压力、电压、系统的流量和电流以及石油清洁度等，均为离散的模糊变量，记作。分量的模糊可靠性计算公式为： (1)式中，-第i分量的第i个固有性能指标值（i= 1,2,3，.，N）-第i分量的第i个功能指标值（i= 1,2,3，.，N）-第n个分量第i个固有的性能指标的概率-第n 个分量第i个功能指标的隶属函数-在阈值中第n个分量第i个功能指标的隶属函数B模糊可靠性的计算模型L. A. Zadeh方法为： (3)式中，不表示分数，而是表示从（总体中的元素）到（隶属函数）的对应关系。 “+”不是和，而是在全域U中的模糊集的符号积分。对串联故障系统，当每个组件的正常工作，该系统才是正常的。否则，它是存在故障的。把U设置为实数域，设置为近似正常的工作系统的模糊可靠性。即：式中，-第i个分量的模糊可靠性-分量的数目一般的计算方法，是将U设为实数域，设为近似工作组件的模糊可靠性。 图2 线性表示即：式中，:模糊数的平均值:置信下限:置信上限它的线性表示含义为：如果关于的函数和关于的函数均是线性的，则等于1；如果变量或者，则等于0；如果，且，则越趋近于，就越趋近于1。应用正态分布的计算方法，使一般的计算方法简易明了3。但是，许多组件的故障概率的样本空间是符合正态分布。这样用正态分布的计算方法精确合理的。把U设置为实数域，设置为近似工作组件的模糊可靠性。则：式中，:模糊数的平均值:置信下限:置信上限图3 正态分布和是通过正态分布的区间估计获得的，其计算公式为：式中，：的无偏估计量、:标准正态分布的百分值：置信度：由不同分量参数获得的值：样本容量如前所述，置信区间是：即：的数量对应的隶属度为1。如果，假设隶属度为0。如果，隶属度为，。为：III.液压锚杆钻机电液进料系统的模糊可靠性计算这项研究的计算以液压锚杆钻机的电液进料系统为例。在液压锚杆钻机的电液系统中，进料系统是工作时间最长的，这对计算来讲是有利因素。图4 液压锚杆钻机结构图图5 进料系统的结构图图6 电液系统逻辑图液压锚杆钻机的电液进料系统由变量泵(I1)、齿轮泵(I2)、油处理(I3)、比例阀(I4)、压力
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