教案五名词性从句

1、第五讲 名词性从句u 名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；高考指南-目标需求化【2013北京】31. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. What C

2、. Who D. Which【解析】B考查名词性从句。此题题干部分is为系动词，the creative imagination of the writer为表语，故is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填what。意为：使得这本书如此不同寻常的是整理富于创造的想象力。【2013北京】33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what【解析】C考查名词性从句。动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，不

3、缺少成分，故使用that表陈述。【2013湖南】28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. thatC. whichD. where【解析】A考查名词性从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用how，故选A。【2013江西】30._ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. What

4、everC. WhicheverD. Wherever【解析】C考查名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意，无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。whichever“无论哪一个”，故选C。【2013山东】30. Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 【解析】D考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。【2013陕西】20. It remain

5、s to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether【解析】D考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。判断主语从句中不缺少主干成分，因此排除代词BC两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，即排除表陈述的that应用whether表“是否”。【2013四川】6. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the compan

6、y.A. When B. How C. What D. That【解析】C考查名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，不能做主干成分。【2013天津】15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What【解析】D考查名词性从句。主句谓语为is，之

7、前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether均不做成分。【2013新课标I卷】26. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what【解析】D考查名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。【2013浙江】16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ y

8、ou are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether【解析】B考查名词性从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实。【2013重庆】28. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which【解析】C考查名词性从句。主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what；

9、that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。【2013安徽】21From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether【解析】C考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。考点解析-知识系统化复合句 = 简单句 + 关系连词 + 简单句名词性从句的界定与分类定义 一个句子在另一个句子中充

10、当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。从属连词 that, if, whether; 连接代词 who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose; 连接副词 where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. 名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。一、主语从句一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, i

11、f, whether, why, when, what) (1) he will succeed is certain. (2) he will go there is not known. (3) he said is not true. (4) the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 答案: That，Whether，When，What【结论】 that从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。 whether 从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“

12、是否”，不能用if替换。 特殊疑问词从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。【疑难点探究】1. Who is he is none of my business. （改错）【疑难剖析1】Who he is is none of my business.任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。2. What he said at the meeting makes me sad. （改错）【疑难剖析2】What he said at the meeting made me sad.主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或

13、将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。3. That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. （改错）【疑难剖析3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 单个句子作主语，视为单数。4. （判断是主语从句还是强调句）It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning tha

14、t the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 【疑难剖析4】1主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who / whom。5. 用 what 与that 填空在引导主语从句时的区别 you said yesterday is right. she is still alive is a consolation. 答案What

15、 That【疑难剖析】 what 与that在引导主语从句时的区别：what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，而that则不充当任何成分。二、宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词)或介词之后。【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, where, what，who) (1)I heard he joined the army. (2)She did not know had happened. I wonder you can change this note for me. 答案：that ，what，whe

16、ther，【结论】由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。 由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 whether (if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。1. 引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别（用if或whether填空） I asked her she had a bike. They discussed they will go back right now. We're worried about he is safe. I don't know or no

17、t he will come. I don't know to go. 答案：if / whether，whether，whether，whether，whether【疑难剖析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情况：动词discuss后；介词后；whether与or not连用时； whether to do。 2. 翻译：I don't think this dress fits you well. 【疑难剖析2】否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fanc

18、y, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。三、表语从句 在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。【根据句意用填空】 (8) The question is we can make good preparation in such a short time. (9) This is we can't get the support of the people. (10) But the fact remains we are behind the other classes.

19、(11) The reason he is late for school is he missed the early bus. 答案：whether，why ，that ，that， 【结论1】 完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略； 表“是否”含义时用whether； 语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如what，when，where，why等； 两种特殊句型：the reason is that和It is because结构。四、同位语从句 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，可以接

20、同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, information, problem, decision, suggestion, proposal, order等。【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置（划分句子成分） He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑难剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (试比较)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息

21、是汤姆明年将出国。The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 【疑难剖析2】 (1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。巩固提高-方法能力化【2012陕西卷】20. As many five courses are provided, and you

22、 are free to choose _ suits you best.A whateverB. whichever C. wheneverD. wherever【解析】B 考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件，选B。其余选项与句意不符。【2012北京卷】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether【解析】 C。从句考查，宾语

23、从句不缺少成分用that引导。【2012江西卷】25It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat【解析】D it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。【2012重庆卷】34. Evdence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to co

24、ntinue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that【解析】D分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。 【2012安徽卷】27.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. w

25、here B. whether C. that D. why 【解析】首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择B.本题考查名词性从句，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.【2012全国新课程】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what【解析】D此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意

26、：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。【2012山东卷】25. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 【解析】B此处it是形式主语，后面whether.or引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether.or意为：是还是都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。【2012福建卷】35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie

27、star. A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever【解析】C首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。【2011北京卷 22】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB

28、. WhatC. ThatD. Whom【解析】B句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。【2011北京卷 31】The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A.whatB. howC. thatD. why【解析】A由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。【2011上海卷 35】There is clear evidence _ the most difficul

29、t feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A. whatB. ifC. howD. that【解析】D句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。【2011上海卷 38】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what【解析】D句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许

30、恰恰跟别人理解的相反。【2011山东卷 26】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 【解析】D句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“which is.”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。【2011陕西卷 15】Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the mo

31、ney. A. why B. when C. which D. what【解析】D后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，答案D。【2011重庆卷 22】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where【解析】A still under discussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whetheror not也

32、可以做出正确选择。10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether解析C空格在句中充当宾语。我们应该尊重食物, 考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。10湖南Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B

33、. whether C. that D. why 解析D该空引导宾语从句, 根据句意 “办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。10天津As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which解析B句意：作为一名新毕业生, 他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词, 其后缺少宾语, 所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。10北京 some people regard as a drawback is seen as a

34、 plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How解析B句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语, 只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。10浙江How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, you want. A. whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever解析C句意：“这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜的？” “好啊, 按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。10浙江It is

35、 uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether解析B根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物, 但是, 它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是 “副作用”, 还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect。故选择what, 形容词 “什么样的”, 起修饰作用。10上海One re

36、ason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why解析A考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。10山东Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which解析B句意应为 “在大甩卖开始前,

37、 我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知, 空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语, 所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。10上海When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he

38、entering解析B which引导的句子做know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。10四川How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. w_ A. what B. who C. how D. why w解析B根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去, 故选B。句意为 “一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”10全国We havent discusse

39、d yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where解析句D意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。干中空格划在动词discuss的后面, 因此考查宾语从句, 根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此选择D。10湖北I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how解析C我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A, 错误的用中

40、文语言习惯去做英文题。10全国Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where解析D Up to为介词结构, 后接宾语从句从句；而句意是 “读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。10江苏I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. You should

41、have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what解析A这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句。10北京Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether解析B从句不缺成分, 因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲

42、尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。09湖南She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever解析C句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵, 我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。句中缺少宾语, 选项中只有whatever符合句意可引导宾语从句作动词do的宾语并在从句中充当动词take to的宾语。 答案C。09江西The fact has worried many scientists _the

43、 earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though解析近C年来地球气候逐渐变暖, 很多科学家已经为此担忧。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。09北京At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if解析起D先他讨厌这个新工作, 但决定给自己几个月

44、时间看看是否能感觉好点。考查宾语从句。答案D。09全国ICould I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever解析C我能够和负责国际业务的人谈谈吗？whoever既作了 to 的宾语, 又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。“whoever”作代词, any person whothe person who “任何人”、 “无论谁”、 “的人”。09海南One of the m

45、ost important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which解析C句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词, that 作代词, 往往用于特指, 相当于 “that名词”, 它也只能代替事情不能代替人。09陕西The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever解析D此处从做介词to的宾语,

46、 是名词性从句, 引导词做从句的主语, 指人, 意思是：无论是谁, 选D09四川News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. what C. that D. where解析在C该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容, 由于该题把同位语从句后置了, 所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。09天津It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared

47、for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that解析D很显然, 学生应该为将来做好准备。It为形式主语, that引导的真正的主语。09浙江Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A. WhenB. that C. whether D. what解析B你能到机场接我吗？没问题。答案B。09重庆We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that     B. when C. which    D. where解析A我们应当考虑下学生们的要求：学校图书馆能多提供些关于科普方面的书。考查同位语