非谓语动词作状语的用法

1、分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to或 so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。The bus stopped so as to pick up p

2、assengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。Point 2作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。Only/just to do表示意想不到的结果Enough to do足够做 .Too.to do太 .而不能 .So/such. as to.如此 .以至于 .I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do t

3、he job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。Point3 作原因状语。 常用在表示情感或态度的glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为“主语sorry, +系动词surprised,+形容词 +to dodisappointed, ”。excited,Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。I was surprised to find him here.发现他在这里我很开心。【特别注意】 easy, difficult,hard,cheap, expe

4、nsive,fit,comfortable,heavy, good等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。English is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。The book is very hard to understand.这本书很难理解。分考点 2 分词作状语形式DoingHaving doingDoneBeing done意义主动，进行主动，完成被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态被动，进行，意为“正在被做”Having been done被动，完成Point 1 作时间状语，常用在 when， wh

5、ile He went through the papers while having， before ， since ， as 引导的原因状语从句中。breakfast(=whilehe was havingbreakfast).他边吃早饭边看报纸。When completed(= when it is completed), the road will be open to the public.这条路在竣工后会正式通车。Point 2作原因状语，相当于because ，since ， as 引导的原因状语从句。Not understanding this, he asked the te

6、acher about.= Because he didn t understand this,he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解，关于那个问题他问了老师。Defeatedby his desk mate, he feltdiscouraged.=Because he was defeatedby his deskmate, he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败，他感到气馁。Point 3作条件状语，相当于if ， unless引导的条件状语从句。Working hard, you ll succeed. = If you work har

7、d, you will succeed.如果努力学习，你会成功的。Given more time, I can finish the work. = If I am given more time, I can finish the work.如果多给我点时间，我就能完成这项工作。Point 4作结果状语。常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus 。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.他们的车被困在拥挤的交通中，因此耽搁了时间。The fire lasted nearly a month, lea

8、ving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。【特别注意】过去分词一般不作结果状语。Point 5作方式或伴随状语。He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.他让那个小男孩坐在那边，答应不伤害他。The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.老师走进实验室，身后跟着一些学生。（伴随状语）Point 6 作让步状语，相当于 though ， although Warned of the danger, he

9、still went skating， even if on the thin等引导的让不状语从句。ice.= Though he was warnedof the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.尽管被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。Lacking of money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. = Though he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.虽然缺钱，他还是设法借钱

10、买了手机。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.虽然被告诫过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。分考点 3独立成分作状语Point 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。 常见的有：独立成分含义Generally speaking一般来说Frankly/honestly坦白地 / 老实说speakingJudging from

11、/ by.根据 .来判断Considering./taking.考虑到 .intoconsideration/accountTo tell you the truth说实话Seeing.考虑到 .Supposing/suppose假如 .(that)Provided/providing假如 .(that).Given.考虑到 .Assuming.假使 .Compared to/with与 . 相比Judging from his accent, he is from the South.从口音上判断，他是南方人。Considering your health, you d better hav

12、e a rest.考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。To tell you the truth, Im a little tired.说实话，我有点累。分考点 4独立主格结构作状语Point 1独立主格结构的含义、特点及构成：含义：（ 1）独立主格结构的主语和句子的逻辑主语不同。（ 2）独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。（ 3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。构成：（ with/without） +n./ pron.+adj./ adv./ to do/ doing/ done/介词短语Point 2名词 / 代词 +非

13、谓语动词Weather permitting, we will go swimming.如果天气允许，我们就去游泳。Everything considered, the plan is better.把一切因素考虑在内的话，这项计划还算不错。Point 3 with/ without +名词 / 代词 +宾语补足语With all lights turned on, the building looks more beautiful.灯全亮的时候，大楼显得更婆罗门了。He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head.他双手放在头下，躺在

14、那儿思考。考点 23 非谓语动词作定语的用法分考点 1 不定式作定语。Point 1不定式作定语表示将来的动作。I have a lot of things to do.我有许多事要做。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上被讨论的那个问题非常重要。Point 2不定式放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果做定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后要加介词。I m not sure which restaurant to eat at.我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。I have no room to live in.我

15、没有房子住。He has no pan to write with.他没有钢笔写字。Point 3不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all， any 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到达学校，最后一个离校。Point 4被修饰词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有 :ability, chance, idea,

16、 hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。【特别注意】 不定式作定语时， 若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者， 则用主动形式表被动含义；若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式。She has a sister to look after.她有个妹妹需要照顾。 （ she 是 look after的执行者）I wan

17、t to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?我要去北京。你有什么东西需要买吗？（you 不是 buy的执行者）分考点 2 分词作定语PointV.-ing作定语表示主动、进行；beingdone作定语表示被动、进行；done作定语被动、完成。The boy standing there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟。（主动、进行）A broken cup is lying on the ground.地上有一只破了的茶杯。（被动，完成）The houses being built are for the t

18、eachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师建的。 （被动，进行）【特别注意】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：V.-ing和过去分词。过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。Falling leaves正在下落的叶子（表示正在进行）Fallen leaves落叶（表已完成）The exploded bomb已经爆炸的炸弹A retired miner已退休的矿工Returned students已归国的留学生分考点 3 动名词作定语Point 动名词作定语，说明被修饰词的用途或目的。A walking stick拐杖A reading room阅览室A sleeping car卧铺车考点 24 非谓

19、语动词作宾语补足语的用法分考点 1 不定式作宾语补足语Point 1不定式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，表将来、主动。I didn t mean you to hear it.我没打算让你听到这件事。He wants me to go with him.他想让我和他一起去。Point2 有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/ 动词短语 + sb.+to do ”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：Advice建议allow允许 ask询问；要求beg乞求cause导致encourage 鼓励Expect期望forbid禁止 force强迫intend意欲invite邀请ord

20、er订购Persuade 说服prefer喜爱 require需要 teach教 remind提醒tell告诉Want 想要 warn 警告 wish想要 waitfor等待 callon 号召；要求 depend on 依靠You are not allowed to smoke here.此处不允许吸烟。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多肉。He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮他学英语。【特别注意】下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb

21、. be said/ believed/ known/ reported/ considered/ thought +to do/ to have done/ to be done/ to be doing / tohave been done sth.He is said to have been cheated in the street.据说，他在大街上被骗了。Heat is considered to be a form of energy.热能被看作是一种能量。The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中死了

22、两个人。分考点 2分词作宾语补足语Point 1现在分词作宾语补足语时，表进行，主动。They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。Listen! Do you heard someone calling for help?听！你听到有人在求救吗？Point 2过去分词作宾语补足语时，表完成，被动。He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。The guestsleftmost of the

23、 dishesuntouched,because they didn t tastedelicious.大部分的菜，客人们都没动，因为它们不怎么好吃。考点 25 非谓语动词作宾语的用法Point 1下列动词只接不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。即：decide/determine,learn,want, expect/hope;refuse,manage, wish,pretend;offer,promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/ beg, help此外 afford,strive, happen,

24、wait, threatenShe pretended no to see me when I passed by.等后只接不定式作宾语。等也要用不定时作宾补。当我经过时，她假装没看见我。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn t turned up yet.我们约好在这里见面，但是她到现在都还没露面。Point 2下列动词只接动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。即： consider,suggest/advice,fancy( 想要 ) ；avoid ，m

25、iss,forbid,imagine, risk; canlook forwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,keep/ keep on, practice;deny, finish,enjoy/appreciate; t help, mind, allow/permit,escape等后只能接动名词作宾语。此外， be used to( 习惯于 ) ， leadto,devote to,go back to,stickto,objectto,getdown to, pay attention to, can t stand, give up, f

26、eel like, insist on, thank youfor, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty/ trouble等动词短语后要用动名词作宾语。David suggested selling your house and car to pay the debt.戴维建议卖掉你的房子和车来抵债。The law forbids smoking in public building.法律禁止在公共场合吸烟。I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将

27、非常感激。Point3 不定式作动词learn， decide ， wonder ， findout等的宾语时，前面常带引导词 how， what， whether ， where ， when 等。He s still learning how to dance.他仍在学怎么跳舞。I don t know what to do.我不知道做些什么。【特别注意】 此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语须与主句的主语或宾语保持一致， 否则要用宾语从句。I wonder how he solved the problem.我想知道她是怎样解决这个问题的。I don t know whether the guest will come tonight.我不知道那位客人今晚是否会来。分考点分考点Point 126非谓语动词作主语、表语的用法1 不定式作主语和表语不定式作主语，一般表示具体的某次动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定时是真正的主语，放在句子的后面，以使句子保持平衡。To climb the mountain