英语基本知识

1、、一个星期七天SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday、一年十二个月JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember、一年四季1. spring2.summer3.autumn4.winter四、容易拼写错的数字1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十5.twentieth第二十四、亲属称呼1.daughter(女儿)2.niece(女性晚辈)3.nephew(男性晚辈)4.cousin(同辈兄弟姐

2、妹)5.aunt(女性长辈)6. uncle(男性长辈)五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔2.control(controlled,controlling)控制3. admit(admitted,admitting)承认4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现5. prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿6.refer(referred,referring)提至U7. forget(forgetting)忘i己8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许9.

3、equip(equipped,equipping)装备六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑3. forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅5. freeze(froze,frozen)结冰6. hang(作绞死”讲，是规则的；作悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie-lied-ied说谎；lielay-lain躺下lay-laid-laid放置8. seek(sought,sought)寻求9.shak

4、e(shook,shaken)发抖10. sing(sang,sung)唱歌11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12. spread(spread,spread)传播13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎16.wear(wore;worn)穿/戴17.hold(held,held)18. make(made,made)19. keep（kept,kept）七、意思相近的词1. check(核对)/examine(检查)/test(测试)2. receive(收到)/accept(接受)3. destroy(毁坏；毁灭)/damage(

5、破坏)4. celebrate(庆祝”congratulate(祝贺)5. wearsth/dresssb穿衣八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1.Ionglength长度2.widewidth宽度3.highheight高度4. strongstrength力量九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写roof(roofs)房1.German(Germans)德国人2.gulf(gulfs)海湾3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕顶-es。4. hero(英雄

6、)，potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化I. succeedsuccess成功2.pronouncepronunciation发音3. explainexplanation解释4.decidedecision决定5. enterentrance进入6.permitpermission允许7.considerconsideration考虑8.expectexpectation期待9. discoverdiscovery发现10.buryburial埋葬II. concludeconclusion得出结论12.arriv

7、earrival至U达13. weighweight重量14.describedescription扌苗述15.loseloss损失16.anxious-anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1.beautiful美丽的一beautifully2.possible可能的一possibly3. practical实际的一practically4.particular特另U的一particularly5. successful成功的一successfully十三、其它必背单词I. abroad国外2.abseneen.缺席（absentadj.）3.accept接受）|4. acci

8、dent事故（accidentaladj.偶然的，accidentallyadv.偶然地）5. achievement成就（achievev.获得）6.address地址7.admire钦佩8. admit承认（admitted）9.agreement协议10. agriculture农业（agriculturaladj.农业的）industry工业（industrial工业的）II. altogether总共12.ancient古代的13. announce宣告、通知announcement（n.口头通知）14. anxiety忧虑（anxiousadj.焦急的，anxiouslyadv.焦

9、急地）15. apologizev.道歉（apologyn.道歉）16. appear出现（appearanee夕卜貌n.）disappear消失/不见17. appreciate感激/欣赏（感激人用thanksb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.）18. Asian（亚洲的）19.assistant助手20. astonish吃惊（astonishmentn.吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的）21. astronaut宇航员22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试(n/v)attempttodosth24. attentively

10、专心地25.attention专心、payattentiontodoingsth26.attitude态度27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)28.average平均/平均的onaverage平均30. balanee平衡keepthebalaneeofnature保持生态平衡31. beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)beautify美化32. believe相信(beliefn.信念，其复数是beliefs)33.beyond超过34.biology生物35.birthday生日36.bravery勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地37.br

11、oad宽阔的38.broadcast广播(broadcast;broadcast;)39.care关心careful小心的carefully小心地40.ceiling天花板41.cinema电影院42.celebrate庆祝43.celebration庆祝n.44.century世纪45.challenge挑战46.character性格47.charge收费bechargeof/takechargeof管理fortv.&n.安慰comfortable舒适的fortablyadv.舒适地ment评论municate(vt)communication(n)交流petition竞赛（com

12、petev.竞赛competitor竞赛者）position作文54.concert音乐会55.concludev.conclusionn.结论56.condition情况（conditions条件）57.concern关心（vt）58.congratulations祝贺（congratulatev.）59. constant不断的constantly不断地60. construction（建设）61.continue继续62. contribution贡献（contributev.）makecontributionsto对做出贡献63. convenient（adj.）方便的convenie

13、ntly方便地64.conversation谈话65.coughing咳嗽66.cousin表兄弟67.cruel的（adj.cruelly残酷地adv.）68.curious好奇的（curiosityn.好奇）69.culture（cultural文化的adj.）|declare宣称70.customer顾客72.custom习俗73.destroy毁灭（其过去式是destroyed）74.75.delicious美味76.damage损坏77. determined有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事78. develop发展（developmentn.developi

14、ng发展中的，developed发达的）79. dialogue对话80.diary日记（dairy奶制品）bedifferent81. differenee不同点（复数differences）different不同的differently不同地differfromfrommakedifferences82. disappointed失望的（disappointing让人失望的）83.disappointment失望84. discovery发现（复数discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer）85. disturb打扰86.dollar美元（其复数是dollar

15、s）87. downstairs楼下upstairs楼上88. dream梦想（其过去式是dreamed或dreamt）89. electricity电（electrical电的，electric电的）90. employ雇用（employmentn.employer雇主，employee雇员）91. empty倒空（可用动词，其过去式是emptied）92. encourage鼓励（encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.）encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量94.envelope信圭寸95.envyn.妒忌96. e

16、qual（平等的）equality平等97. equipment设备98.especially尤其是99.essential（重要的）100.European欧洲人101.event事件107.expert专家102.excellent极好（excelleneen.excellentlyadv.）104.exhibition展览105.expense耗费expensive昂贵的106.experienee经验/经历（experieneed有经验的）anunusualexperienee次不同寻常的经历havemuchexperienee经验丰富108. express（vt）表达express

17、ion（n）138.impress印象impression（n.）109. failv.失败failuren.失败failtodosth没做成某事110. familiar（熟悉的）befamiliarto/with112. favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的113. figure人物/数字114.finger手指115.flight飞行116.forehead前额117.foreign（外国的）118. fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前120.freezing极冷的（frozen冷冻的）121.fr

18、equently经常地122.furniture家具123.far远的further进一步的124. generally大概generallyspeaking般来说125. geography地理126.Germany德国127.government政府128.gradual逐渐的gradually逐渐地129.graduation毕业（graduatefrom毕业于）130.grammar语法131. habit习惯formahabitof养成习惯132. handkerchief手绢）133.honest诚实的honesty诚实134.honor/honour荣誉135.imaginati

19、on想象力（imaginev.）136.immediate（立即的）immediately马上（adv）139.incident小事件140.including包括（includev.）141.independent独立的142.industry工业（industrialadj.工业的）|143.information信息144.instrument仪器145.institute学院146. inspire激励（inspirationn.inspiring鼓舞人心的，inspired受鼓舞的）147. interest兴趣interesting有兴趣的beinterestedin对感兴趣148

20、. interrupt打断150.introduce介绍（introductionn.）_|151.regular规则的irregular不规则的152.journey旅程153. judge判断（judgment）judgingfrom根据来判断154. kindergarten幼儿园155.knowledge知识156.labor/labour劳动157.late迟的late1y最近158.laugh笑laughter笑声159. law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的160. library图书馆librarian图书馆理员161. lose掉失，（lost,lo

21、st）loss损失n.162. luck幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志164.majority（大多数）|166. manage设法（manager经理,management管理）managetodo设法做至U.167. market（市场）supermarket超市168. marriage结婚（marryv.结婚，married已婚的）getmarriedto与某人结婚169. material（s）材料）171.mayor市长172. mean（意味、打算）meaning意义meaningful有意义的173. measure测量takemeasu

22、res采取措施174. medal奖章（比较：model模型metal金属）175. memory记忆力（memorizev.记住，remember记得）176. message口信178.modern现代的179.modest谦虚的180.monitor班长181.moustache胡子182. murder谋杀（murderer凶手）183. music音乐musical音乐的musician音乐家184. mysterious神秘的（mystery神秘）185. nationality国籍（nation国家，national国家的）186. nature自然natural自然的）187.

23、naughty淘气的188.）normal正常的190.necessary必要itisnecessaryforsbtodosth某人有必要做某事191.obey（遵守）break违反192.obvious明显的obviously明显地193.offer主动提供）offertodosth主动做某事194.operate动手术operation手术195.opportunity机会（=chanee）196.ordinary普通的197.organize/organise（组织）organization组织198.particularly特别是199.passenger旅客200.problem难题

24、question问题201.patienee耐心patient耐心的；病人（patiently耐心地）203.perfect完美（的）（perfectly）Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧204.perform（表演）205.perhaps或许206.period时期207. permit许可vtpermission许可n208. persuaded（说服）209.phenomenon现象phenomena现象（复数）210.physicist物理学家211.pilot（飞行员）212.poisonous有毒的（poison）213.political政治的（politics

25、）214.popular受欢迎的215.population人口216.position职位217.possibility（-ies）可能性（possible可能的）218.poverty贫穷n（poor贫穷的）220.practice实践practical（可实施的，实际的）221.prepare（准备）preparation222.press压/按pressure（压力）223. pretend假装pretendtodosth假装做某事224. professor教授225.profit利润226. progress进步makegoodprogress进步很大227. pronounce发

26、音pronunciation（n.发音）228. provide提供（比较：supply/providesbwithsthoffersbsth提供某人某物，229. public公众230.purpose目的onpurpose故意地231.quality质量/素质232.quantity（数量233.realize（实现vt）realityn.现实234.receive收到235. recently（最近=lately）236. recycle（循环再用）237.recognize认出239.remind提醒remindsbofsth提醒某人某物240.repeatvt.重复（repetiti

27、onn.重复）241.respect尊敬242.restaurant餐馆244.satisfaction满意（satisfy,satisfied,satisfying）246.Saturday（星期六）247.scientific科学的248.scientific科学的249.secretary秘书250.secretly（秘密地）251.separately单独地252.separate（单独的adj、分开vt）253.serious严重的（seriously）254.serve（v）-service（n）服务255.shortcoming缺点256.silenee安静（silent安静的-silently安静地）257.succeed（vi）成功success（n）成功successful（adj）成功的successfully（adv）Succeedindoingsth成功做某事（=besuccessfultodosth）258.similar类似的（similarity-ies相似之处）259.situation形势/情况260.slightly（稍微）261.society社会（socialadj.社会的）