英语人教版九年级全册中考专题复习之宾语从句

1、中考专题复习之宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一. 宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语：Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语二. 宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that（that常可省略）,whether,if代词:who,whose,what,which畐y词:

2、when,where,how,why等。1连词：Hetoldme（thathewould）gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.Idon'tknowif_therewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,

3、agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.Attention:宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon'tthinkit

4、isrightorhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接

5、宾语时，that不可省。Ican'ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;由whether,if引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whe

6、ther引导，意为是否”女口：Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下歹情况下只能用whether，不能用if: 在具有选择意义，又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether（ifornot也可以使用）。如：Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.（=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome）让我知道他是否能来。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingorno

7、t.（=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whether。如：rminterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldm

8、an.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为：a. Pleasele

9、tmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b. Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。只能用if不能用whether引导的从句1、if引导条件状语从句，意为如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.3、引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语

10、从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？Th

11、ebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。Hedidn'ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？Non

12、eofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到练习题(1) Idon'tknowrA. whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2) Thisdependsontheweatherisfine.A. whichB.whetherC.ifD.that(3) Theteacheraskedthenewstudentclasshewasin.A. whichB.whereC.ifD.that(4) Idon'tknowMr

13、.Greenwillcometoseeus.He'llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where(5) -Becareful!Don'tbreakthebottles.DoyouhearIsaid?David?-Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if(6) -DoyouknowMrBlack'saddressis?-HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I'mnotsureof.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.wha

14、t,where(7) Thereisnotmuchdiffereneebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose三. 宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1) 连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who,what,which等。Couldyoutellmewhokn

15、owstheanswer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西2) 连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose,what,which,howmany,howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom.老师问我们房间里有多少人。3) 连接词+主语+谓

16、语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m),what,which,howmany,howmuch,when,why,how,where,if/whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如：Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4) 连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what,which,howmany,howmuch,how等。如：Doyou

17、knowwhichclassheisin?你知道他在哪个班吗？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。练习题(1) Didyoufindout?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor(2) Areyouinterestedin?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit(3) Idon'tknow.

18、Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare(4) Whatdidthescientistsay?-Hesaidhewonderedifintospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly(5) Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearest

19、bankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere(6) SheaskedTomwithhiscar?A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter四. 宾语从句的时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：1 don'tknowwhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他将何时回来。Hetellsmethathissisterc

20、amebackyesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2 )如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用相应的过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas.孩子们不知道他是谁。 Heaskedhisfatherhowithappened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说

21、地球绕着太阳转。练习题(1) It's7:30.1can'tbelieveyoucookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haven'tstartedB.didn'tC.don'tstartD.hadn'tstarted(2) TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe(3) Theteachersaidthattheearthroundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo(4) We'dli

22、ketotellyouthatytheexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass(5) “Couldyoutellme?”“Yes.Theytothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone（6）Ourfathersaidthatheanewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys（7）

23、IhearthathetoBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone五. 简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewoul

24、dhelphim.-Wedecidedtohelphim.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.-Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注：当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?C

25、ouldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesn

26、'tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.宀Thepoorboydoesn'tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.-T

27、heboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.fSoonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy7.注息if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它

28、们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。女口： Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomoirow?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ Sorry,Idon'tknow.Whenhecomesback,I'lltellyou.对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。Idon'tknowifhewillcome.我不知道他是

29、否会来。Hewillcomeifitdoesn'train.如果不下雨，他会来的。宾语从句专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.2. Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansound.3. Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn'tknow.Jackdidn'tknow

30、thereameetinginfivedays.4. CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.IwanttoknowFrench.5. ArethechiIdrenplayinggames?Tellme.TellmethechiIdrengames.6. Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGanghomeworkyet.7. Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknowsinthepicture?8. Wheredidsh

31、eparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknowhercar?9. Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwonderedoftenabout.10. Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idonknow.'tIdon'tknowatthedoorsoloudly.11. Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknowhestillinthatstreet.12. What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

32、Iaskedhimwhat.13. Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme.14. Dotheywantfriedchieken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchieken.15. WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknowthewatchmadeinShanghai.二、选择填空。1. WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolorwasitC.the

33、weatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring2. Tomaskedmyfriend.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry3. LetmetellyouA.howmuchisthecarC.howmuchdidIpayforthecar4. Peterknew.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookC.therewere12monthsinayear5. Couldyoutellme?A.wheredo

34、youliveC.whowereyouwaitingfor6.1can'tunderstandtheboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleave7. Shetoldmethesunintheeast.A.riseB.roseC.rises8. Idon'tknowupsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegets9. Themanagercameuptosee.B. howmuchdoesthecarcostD.howmuchIspentonthecarB. whytheboyhadsomanyquestion

35、sD.whentheywillleaveforParisB. whoyouarewaitingforD.whereyouliveinC. whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleftD. hadrisenC. whydoeshegetD.whyhegotA.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC. whatthematterisD.what'sthematter10. HeaskedhisfatherA.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen11. Noo

36、netellsus,soweneedyourhelp.C.howtodoitD.whattodoitA.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo12. Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer?A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking13. Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich14. WheredoyouthinkhetheTVset?Sorry,venoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,andbuy

37、D.didbought15. Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantellitwouldbelikeinfiveyears.A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another16. Couldyoutellme?Yes.HetotheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone17. Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.Yes.Butifit,we'llvisit

38、themuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains18. Ireallydon'tknowifsheitwhenshe.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives19. MissLiusaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what20. Heaskedme.A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.where