英语人教版九年级全册时态语态讲义

1、2)begoingto+do表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。b. 计划，安排要发生的事。c. 有迹象要发生的事第一章动词时态和语态第一节动词的时态、动词时态的定义及形式动词不同时间发生的行为或状态，要用不同的形式来表示，这种不同的形式叫做时态。体时过去现在将来过去将来一般Do/bebe+done*进行be+doingbe+being+done*完成have/has+donehave/has+been+done*完成进行have+been+doinghavebeenbeingdone*二、各种时态的基本用法2.1 一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语always,

2、usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday等连用。2)不受时限的客观存在(客观真理，格言或警句，科学事实)。Theearth(move)aroundthesun.3) 主将从现句。在条件状语从句或时间状语从句中，If/when/uniess/assoonas/until/before/onceThebird(fly)tothesouthwhentheweather(be)cold.Ifit(be)finetomorrow，we(go)tothecountryside.4) 可以用go,come,start等动词的一般现在时表示安排或计划好的将来的

3、情况。School(start)onSeptember.2.2.一般过1) 表示在特定过夫时间里一次完成的动作或二度存在的状态。句中常有yesterday,ago,in1989,once,lastweek(month,year),justnow等时间。Whereyougojustnow?/We(visit)afactorylastFriday.2) 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenI(be)achild,Ioften(play)footballinthestreet.2.3现在进行时(持续性、暂时性、未完成性)1) 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。listen!s

4、he(sing)inthenextroom.2) 表示现阶段一直进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Green(write)anothernovelthesedays.3)表示位移的瞬间动词进行时表将来：come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。They(go)toEnglandtomorrowafternoon.HelivesinShanghai.()/HeislivinginShanghai()2.4过去进行时1) 表示过去某一时间点或某一时间正在进行的动作。Hisfatherfelldownwhilehe(ride)hisbicycle.2) 常用时间状语：

5、thismorning,thewholemorning,lastevening,when,whilewhen+(非)延续动词；while+延续动词Whatwasyourfatherdoingyourmotherwascooking?Whatwasyourmotherdoingyoucameback?while连接两个并列句子，表示前后对比。IwasdoingmyworkmysisterwaswatchingTV.2.5现在完成时已完成”过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。Just,already,yet,recently,neverHe(turnoff)thelight.“未完成”从过去某时开始，

6、一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常用for+时间段，“since+时间点”，howlong,sofar,inthelast(past)fewyearsHe(lived)heresinee1990.短暂动词come/go/die,buy等的完成时不能与for,sinee等表示一段时间状语连用2.5.1 比较过去时与现在完成时(过去时与现在无关联，完成时与现在有关联)1)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用或无时间状语。2)过去式强调过去发的某事的时间、地点、方式。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday./Ihaveseenthi

7、sfilm.HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago2.6现在完成进行时1)表示从现在往前的一段时间里一直在进行的动作I(sit)herealltheday。2.7过去完成时表示过去的过去表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。-|1过去的过去过去现在I(learn)5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversityI(notgo)tobedbeforemyfathercameback.3.8一般将来时1)shall用于第

8、一人称，will用于所有人称。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?TheplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonthLookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.第二节动词的语态一、被动语态的构成英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由be+done构成，时态通过be体现。1、一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+doneOurclassroomiscleanedeveryday.2、一般过去式的被动语态：was/were+doneThe

9、stationwasbuiltin1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+doneAnewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Someriversarebeingpollutedinthisarea.4、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+doneSomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissLiatthistimelastyear.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will/shall+be+done(B) am/is/are+goingto+be+doneSomenewfactorieswil

10、lbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+doneYourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.7、含情态动=词的被动式：can/may/must+be+doneHecannotbefound.Imustbepaidforthis.二、主动语态变被动语态1. 主动句宾语变被动句主语。2. 动词变为be+done，人称和数随主语变化，时态不变。3. 主动句主语放在by后面(代词宾格)。4. 其他成分(定语、状语)不变。1) Manypeoplespe

11、akEnglish.2) Weboughtsomebooksyesterday.3) Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.4) Theywillbuysomefruittomorrow.5) Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.三、被动语态的特殊用法1)双宾语的句子Verb+sb+sthThepianistgavethepupilssomeadvice间接宾语直接宾语fThepupilssomeadvicebythepianist.fSomeadvicetothepupilsbythepianist2) 复合宾语Verb.+sb+dosth五看：se

12、e,watch,notice,observe,find,(lookat)三使：make,have,let两听：listento,hear一感：feel半帮助：helpV+sb+dosth./doingsth.Sb+be+V-ed+todosth./doingsth.Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.fTheytenhoursadaybytheboss.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.fHethehouse.3) 短语动词，保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不可漏。Wecanlaughathim.fHebyus.Helistenstother

13、adioeveryday.fTheradiobyhimeveryday.4) 含有that的宾语从句变被动时，通常改为一些固定句式。动词为believe,consider,say,think,reportPeoplesaythatwherethereiswill,thereisaway.wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Itisreportedthat据报道Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itiswellknownthat众所周知Itisthoughtthat大家认为4) 主动形式表被动want/need/require+doinbeworthdoingMyw

14、atchneeds(repair).Thisbookisworth(read).5) 某些动词在表示主语特征和性质时为不及物动词，但在表示动作时为及物动词。wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,shut,measure等。Theclothesheboughtyesterdaywasheswell.6) 不用被动语态的几种情况 系动词、感官动词+adj.无进行时、无被动。be,look,feel,taste,smell,sound 不及物动词appear,occur,happen,fall,go,breakout,takeplace,rise,die,lie,be

15、longtoGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.Thisbookbelongstohim.第三节动词的时态语态专项训练I.用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Myfatheralways(ride)hisbiketowork.2. -Whatishedoing?Heis(wait)forhisparents.3. Everything(be)freein100years.4. LastSundayJack(notgo)tothemovie.Hestudiedforthemathtest.5.1 have(keep)thebookfortwoweeks.6. Th

16、ey(have)dinneratthistimeyesterday.7. Ourclassroom(clean)everyday.8. Lastmonthmanyvolunteers(send)tothepoorvillagetohelptheold.9. Alltheteacherswill(invite)totheparty.10. Thesebooksmust(put)inthebookcase.11. Hewasmade(leave)hishometown.12. Thiskindofwatch(sell)well.13. Judy(buy)skirtyesterday,.14. He

17、saidthathe(come)backinfiveminutes.15. Moreactionsmust(take)byustopreventtheA(H1N1)flu.16. howtoprotectourselvesshouldbe(teach)atschool.17. (据说)thatmanybabieshavediedfrommelamine(三聚氧胺)inmilkpowder.18. Swimmingisnot(allow)atthislake.19. Onweekends,thesupermarketsareusually(crowd)withpeople.20. Moretre

18、esshould(plant)tomakeourhometownbeautiful.21. Themanwashurtintheaccidentandhe(send)tohospital.II.单项选择2012全国各省市中考题1. -Mum,Icantfindmyshoes.Hurryup!Yourfatherforus.(毕节)A. iswaitingB.waitedC.waitsD.willwait2. -Iwasatthecinemaatnineoclockyesterdayevening.Whataboutyou?ITVathome.(铜仁)A. amwatchingB.waswatc

19、hingC.willwatchD.watched3. HaveyoueverbeentoSingapore?Yes,Itherelastyearwithmyparents.(盐城)A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.wasgoing4. Haveyouwashedtheclothes?(襄阳)Notyet.ButItheminhalfanhour.A.washedB.havewashedC.willwashD.wash5. OurforeignerteacherMr.Green_usEnglishsincethreeyearsago.A.hastaughtB.isteachingC.t

20、aughtD.teaches（荷泽）6. -Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Smith?Sorry,heisntin.Hetheoffice（福州）A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeenawayD.7. Manytreesandflowersinourschoollastyearandtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.（吉林）A.haveplantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted8. Inordertomakeourhometownmorebeautiful,treesarou

21、ndthecityeveryyear.（贵阳）A.plantB.areplantedC.willplantD.9. WhenIcalledthebusservice,Ithattherewasnomorebus.（绵阳）A.wastellingB.wastoldC.hastoldD.hadtold10. Nodecisionaboutthatmatteryet.Wearestillconsideringit.（呼禾口浩特）A.hasbeenmadeB.hasmadeC.willbemadeD.willmake11. ItisdifficultforthevillagechiIdrentocro

22、sstherivertogettoschool.Wethinkabridge_overtherive.（安顺）A.wasbuiltB.shouldbebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt12. Bettywillringmeupwhenshe_inShanghai.（兰州）A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive13. Sam,comedownstairs,please.Ineedyourhelp.Sorry,mum.Ionthephone.（陕西）A.aretalkingB.talkedC.wastalkingD.haveta

23、lked14. IhavebeentoShanghai.I_therelastmonth.（天津）A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.willgo15. Thecloth_verysoftandcomfortable.（天津）A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds16. Summerholidayiscoming.LiLeiwithhisfather_togotoShanghai.（鸡西）A.wantB.willwantC.wantsD.17. Yoursweaterlookssmart.Where_you_it?（河北）A.do;getB.did;getC.w

24、ill;getD.have;get18. JennytoldmethatsheanEnglishSpeechContestthenextmonth.（上海）A.takespartinB.istakingpartinC.tookpartinD.wouldtakepartin19. Thevolunteers_alotofhelptothecommunityfornearlytenyears.（上海）A.offeredB.willofferC.areofferingD.haveoffered20. -Howlonghasthefilm?Fortenminutes.（绥化）A.beganB.been

25、onC.begunD.21. Moremoneywhenweusebothsidesofpaper.（河北）A.willsaveB.wassavedC.hassavedD.willbesaved22. Iamsurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmokingverysoon.A.madeB.willmakeC.weremadeD.willbemade（上海）23. -Whyistheclassroomsodirty?Sorry,sir.It_yesterday.Weforgottodoit.（宁波）A.doesntclearB.didntclearC.

26、isntcleanecD.wasntcleaned24. Bamboocanpaper.（兰州）A.usedtomakeB.beusedmakeC.beusedtomakeD.beusedtomaking25. Anewclub_inourschoolatthebeginningofthisyearandnowithasmanymembers.（陕西）A.startsB.isstartedC.hasstartedD.wasstarted26. ADisneylandPark_inShanghaiPudongNewAreainthenearfuture.A.buildsB.hasbuiltC.w

27、illbuildD.willbebuilt（河南）27. Itogettherebefore7tomorrow,soIgetupearly.（II胡i腐切A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold29. Dontdiscusstheproblemwithyourpartnerunlessyou_todoso.（常州）A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeasked30. Look,whatanoldpalace!itlookssogreat!Yeah,itnearly800yearsago.A.wasbuilding31. Mr.Wangi

28、snA.hasgoneto32. -WhydonBecauseIB. wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuiltthere,IthinkheGuiyang.（铜仁）B. hasbeentoC.goesD.wenttyougotothemoviewithme,Betty?_itbefore.（广安）C.hasbeenin;hasbeentoD.hasgoneto;hasbeentoA.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.（河北）D.hasreceived（北京）備洲）（河南）33. MissZhangmanyflowersandlettersthesedays.A.receive

29、dB.willreceiveC.wasreceiving34. -MayIspeaktoheadmaster?-He_ameetingnow.canItakeamessage?A.ishavingB.hadC.hasD.willhave35. -HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?-Yes,Itherewithmyfatherlastyear.A.wentB.havebeenC.havegoneD.36. -Whatsmellsterrible,Ted?-1amsorry.Iwillmyshoesandwashthematonce.A.takeawayB.putawayC.mo

30、veawayD.getaway37. -Whendidyoubuythecomputer?-1have_thiscomputerfor5years,butitstillworkswell.（恩施）A.boughtB.haveC.hadD.38. -Whereisyourfather?HeAustraliaandhe_Sydneyforweeks.（梅州）A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeeninIII. 改错1. Ihavecomehereforfifteenyears.2. HesaidhehadgonetoCanadabefore.3. IfIam

31、you,Iwouldmarryhim.4. theaccidentwashappenedyesterdayevening.5. Marrydoesntanywashinginthemorning.6. Thebossmadetheworkerstoworkallday.7. Theworkersweremadeworkallday.8. Thiskindofclothiffeltsmooth.9. Mooncakesaretasteddelicious.10. GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.11. Theshirtwasboughtmebymyfa

32、ther.12. ThiskindofTVismadebyShanghai.第四节动词的时态专项训练I.用动词的适当形式填空1. Jenny(cook)inthechiekenwhenyoucalledherat5oblockthisafternoon.2. I(do)myhomeworkassoonasIgethome.3. -1sawMr.Smithintheofficeattenyesterdaymorning.Thatisimpossible.He(have)anEnglishpartywithusthen.4. -Canyouanswerthedoor,Jim?I(wash)thed

33、ishes.IMcoming,dad.5. Mydaughterislookingforwardto(receive)lettersfromherfriends.6. Wecouldnthelp(laugh)whenwewatchedthefunnyperformaneeofhim.7. Wouldyoumind(close)thewindow?Itbrainingourside.8. Water(boil)at100C.Nowthewater(boil).9. WangYing(study)atQinghuaUniversity.She(do)wellinherlessons.10. Myb

34、rother(join)thePLAin1993.He(be)inthearmyforabout18years.11. They(have)sportsontheplaygroundnow.they(have)sportseveryday?12. 一-Howoftentheboy(watch)TV?-He(watch)TVthreetimesaweek.13. Thestudents(have)anEnglishtesteverytwomonths.Sam(notdo)welllasttime.He(do)betternexttime.14. I(see)anEnglishteacherwhi

35、lehe(walk)inthepark.15. She(tell)meshe(leave)fortheUSthenextweek.II.单项选择1. Howmuchdidyouhimforthehouse?Ihim2000dollarsforitbuthewouldnotacceptit.A.cost;paidB.take;offeredC.spent;paidD.pay;offered2. Youcanusinthediscussionifyou.A.join;wishtoB.joinin;wanttoC. attend;dontwanttoD.takepartin;hopeso3. Thi

36、skindofbananasnice.Iwanttotasteone.AsoundB.smellC.looksD.tastes4. -Excuseme.WhereisLily?Oh,shethevolleyballmatchontheplaygroundwhenIsawhimjustnow.A.watchesB.willwatchC.iswatchingD.waswatching5. MyfathertoShanghai.Heforover2monthsA.hasbeen;hasleftB.hasgone;hasgoneC. hasgone;hasbeenawayD.hasbeen,hasgo

37、ne6.IsthatJackspeaking?Sorry,hein.Hebackinhalfanhour.A.isnt;willbeB.wasnt;willC.isnisE).wasnwast;7.-WhereisLucy?Iamnotsure.Sheintheschoollibrary.A.maybeB.mustbeC.maybeD.willbe8.Theplaneaftertheheavyrainstopped.A.takesoffB.tookoffC.willtakeoffD.hastakenoff9. WhereisNancy?Sheisstillinthehall.Sheaspeec

38、honChineseculture.A.ismakingB.makesC.hasmadeD.made10. OurteameverymatchsinceApril,butwestillhavethreemoregamestoplay.A.haswonB.willwonC.winD.won11. Ifshewellinherexams,shewillgotoBeijingUniversityinSeptember.A.didB.doesC.isdoingD.willdo12. Thereaknifeandtwoforksonthetables.A.hasB.areC.haveD.is14.The

39、youngA.hurtsD.outofthewayD.wouldmakeD.hadreadD.cant;tryingD.ShallD.Does;have;does13. Myuncleisaworker.Hemachineseveryday.D.mendedA.mendB.mendsC.willmendmanwordshisparentsdeeplyyesterday.B.hadhurtC.hurtD.hashurt15. -Doyouknowhowtopronouncethisword?Yes,Iinthedictionaryyesterday.A.lookitupB.workeditout

40、C.gaveitawayD.pickeditup16. Manyteenagershavehobbies.Butsometimesthesehobbiescanget_ofschoolwork.A.onthewayB.bythewayC.intheway17. Mr.BrownmanyfriendssincehecametoChina.A.hasmadeB.hadmadeC.willmake18. BytheendoflasttermwetwoEnglishbooks.A.readB.readingC.wasreading19. Nobodydoit.LetmeA.can;tryB.cant;

41、totryC.can;totry20. -Iborrowyourdictionary?Certainly,hereyouare.A.MustB.MayC.Need21. -Tomtoworkhardtohelphisfamily?Yes,heA.Has;/;doesB.Have;/;doesC.Does;has;has第五节动词被动语态专项训练I.将下列主动句变成被动句。(注意时态及单复数)1. Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knivesforcuttingthings.2. Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroom

42、twiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.floor.3. Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.onthe4toldhertoreturnthebookintime.Shetoreturnthebookintime.5. Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.Heonlytwomealsaday.6. Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputerstohelpthem.7. Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimela

43、styear?atthistimelasttime?8. Mustwefinishourworktoday?ourworktoday?9. Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1) somewonderfulstamps.2) Somewonderfulstamps.10. TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tomtoturnonthecomputer.hnthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostoftheworkbywomeninthisfactory.12. Heca

44、nmendthebikeintwodays.Thebikeintwodays.13. Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicinethreetimesaday.14. ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.Germanbythestudentsinthisschool.15. Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?thisquestionoftenabout?II. 判断正误1必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildre

45、nmustbetakengoodcareof.()2这本书是鲁迅写的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3. 昨天那支笔是他给我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()4. 这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedb

46、ythem.()III.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Historyisbvthepeople.(make)2.Heisoftentodotheworkbvtheteacher,(ask)3. Thebookbyhimlastyear.(write)4. Theradiolastweek.(mend)5. Sometreesonthehillthisspring.(plant)6. Anewsubway(build)nextyear.7. She(take)tothehospitalalready.8. Thousandsofsatellites(send)upintothespacesofar.IV. 将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.2.Thepeoplemakehistory.3. DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?4. Theydidntvisitthecitytwoyearsago.5. Wheredidyoumakethem?ItwasSunday.UE是个星期天，InevergetupearlyonSundays.而在星期天我是从来不早起的，Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。LastSundayIgotupverylate.上个星期天，