长沙县一中田宏丽动词不定式

1、The Infinitive(动词不定式动词不定式) 一、动词不定式的时态和语态：一、动词不定式的时态和语态：主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式进行式进行式完成进完成进行式行式(not) to do(not) to have done(not) to be doing(not) to have been doing(not) to be done(not) to have been done例例1：Since youre not very rich, dont pretend _ a lot of money.A. having B. to have C. to have

2、 had D. having had解析：解析：to do：不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动作表示的动作通常与谓语动作(状态状态)同时同时发生发生，或在谓语动作，或在谓语动作之后之后发生。发生。I have promised to return the money tohim as soon as possible.B二、动词不定式的时态：二、动词不定式的时态：例例2：Do tell your mother the truth. She seems _ everything.A. to know B. knowingC. to have known D. having kno

3、wn解析：解析： to have done：不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前发生在谓语动作之前。The killer was said _ (catch) yesterday.Cto have been caught例例3：They pretended _ hard when the boss came in.A. be working B. to be working C. to work D. working解析：解析：to be doing 动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式表示表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行

4、。行。Look! They seem _ (discuss)something interesting.Bto be discussing例例4：Gone with the wind? I happen _ this book these days. Ill lend it to you after I finish it.A. having read B. to have been readingC. to be reading D. to have read解析：解析：to have been doing 不定式的完成进不定式的完成进行式行式 表示表示在谓语动作之前就已经开始，在谓语动作之

5、前就已经开始，并且并且一直进行着的动作。一直进行着的动作。到说话的时候，该到说话的时候，该动作可能已经停止，也可能还在继续。动作可能已经停止，也可能还在继续。B-Lily, you seem to have been working on this math problem for a long time.-Yes. Since I came into the classroom.三、动词不定式的语态：三、动词不定式的语态：1. Can you tell me which is the car _ (repair)?2. I wish _ (send) to work there.to be

6、repairedto be sent1) The President of the country was said _ (kill) by two gunmen last week.2) I would like _ (consider) as an ordinary person.3) With a high way _ (build) near the village next year, the villagers are very happy.to have been killedto be consideredto be built 四、动四、动词不定式的句法功能词不定式的句法功能

7、例例5： It is a good idea _ our planwithout delay.A. to begin B. beginning C. begun D. begin解析解析：作主语作主语。常表示具体的、将要做的常表示具体的、将要做的事情。多用事情。多用it作形式主语来代替动词不作形式主语来代替动词不定式，放在主语的位置上，而把真正的定式，放在主语的位置上，而把真正的主语即动词不定式主语即动词不定式(短语短语)放在句末。动放在句末。动词不定式作词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数主语，谓语动词用单数。A例例6：When and where to build the teachers do

8、rmitory _ not been decided yet by now.A. is B. was C. have D. has例例7：Where to have the picnic and when to start still _ .A. needs to be considered B. need to considerC. need considering D. needs considering DC如果要表示动词不定式动作是谁做的，如果要表示动词不定式动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加上可以在动词不定式前面加上for sb.这里这里的的sb.是动词不定式的逻辑主语。是动词不定

9、式的逻辑主语。It is important to learn some English texts by heart.比较：比较：It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.如果句子带有如果句子带有明显的明显的批评、指责、内疚、批评、指责、内疚、自责、表扬、感激、欣赏等自责、表扬、感激、欣赏等感情感情，则用，则用of.如果句子如果句子没有明显的上述感情没有明显的上述感情，则用，则用for.for you to learn some1) Its very good _ you to come to see

10、me.2) Its important _ people to keep the balance of nature.3) It would be good _ you to have some soup before a meal.offor 例例8：In the coming school sports meet, my job is _ the order.A. keeping B. to keep C. keep D. kept解析解析：作表语作表语。动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语一般一般表示表示具体的将要做的事具体的将要做的事。for BMy suggestions is _ (w

11、ait) and see.动词不定式作表语的时候，如果在连系动动词不定式作表语的时候，如果在连系动词前有词前有实义动词实义动词do的某种形式的某种形式(如：如：to do; doing; done; do; does; did等等)，则用动词不，则用动词不定式作表语时要定式作表语时要省略省略to.What we need to do now is take his advice.All that we can do is _ (think) out a good idea to protect the precious imperial tombs.thinkto wait例例9：Im not

12、 a millionaire and I cantafford _ buy such an expensive car.A. buying B. to buy C. buy D. bought解析：解析：作宾语作宾语，表具体的将要做的事情。，表具体的将要做的事情。I forget _ (take) the key to theroom and I have to wait for my wife tocome back.常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：offer, manage, fail, agree, pretend, happen,promise, affor

13、d, want, hesitate等。等。Bto take例例10：I feel it important for us _ in an examination.A. to be not nervous B. being not nervousC. not to be nervous D. not being nervous解析：解析：动词不定式作宾语时，如果带有动词不定式作宾语时，如果带有宾宾语补助语语补助语，则要用，则要用it作作形式宾语形式宾语，放在宾，放在宾语的位置上，而把真正的宾语语的位置上，而把真正的宾语(即动词不即动词不定式定式)放在宾语补助语之后。放在宾语补助语之后。常见句型：

14、常见句型：S + V + it + n. / adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.C翻译：翻译：我觉得我觉得(我们我们)存点钱是有必要的。存点钱是有必要的。I feel it necessary _例例11：Whom do you think I should arrange for _ this meeting?A. hosting B. being hosting C. being hosted D. to host例例12：We dont allow _ in teachers offices and teachers are not allowed _ before

15、a student either.A. smoking; to smoke B. smoking; smokingC. to smoke; to smoke D. to smoke; smokingto put away some money.DA有些动词后面须跟有些动词后面须跟v-ing形式作宾语，而跟形式作宾语，而跟不定式作主补。这类动词常见的有：不定式作主补。这类动词常见的有：allow, permit, forbid等。等。 We forbid _ (cheat) in exams，inother words, students in our school areforbidden _

16、 (cheat) in all kinds ofexams.cheatingto cheat有些动词接不带有些动词接不带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词不定式作宾语补助语。但是补助语。但是当这些词语本身用于被动当这些词语本身用于被动语态语态的时候，的时候，作主语补助语的动词不定作主语补助语的动词不定式要带式要带to. 请记住下面的口诀：请记住下面的口诀： 使让观看听，有意要记清，使让观看听，有意要记清， 帮助可有无，被动带小品。帮助可有无，被动带小品。使使指指make, have;让让指指let;观观指指watch; observe;看看指指see; look at;意意指指notice;帮帮助助

17、指指help；小品小品指动词不定式符号指动词不定式符号to.1) His funny performance made all of us _ (burst) into laughter.2) All of us were made _ (burst) into laughter by his funny performance.例例13：Im so hungry. I have to find something _ first.A. eating B. eaten C. eat D. to eatburstto burstD解析：解析：作定语作定语：动词不定式：动词不定式(短语短语)作定语

18、作定语要放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。要放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。We need to find a better way to do it.例例14：The assistant works very hard. She is always the first _ and the last _.A. come; leave B. coming; leavingC. to come; to leave D. to come; leavingC当被修饰的词语是序数词或受序数词限定时，当被修饰的词语是序数词或受序数词限定时，其后要用动词不定式作定语。其后要用动词不定式作定语。翻译：翻译：她是最后

19、一个知道她丈夫死于车祸的人。她是最后一个知道她丈夫死于车祸的人。_ that her husband had been killed in the car accident.She was the last person to know如果作定语的动词不定式和被修饰的名词或如果作定语的动词不定式和被修饰的名词或代词是动宾关系，且动词不定式是不及物动代词是动宾关系，且动词不定式是不及物动词的时候，不定式后面要加上一个适当的介词的时候，不定式后面要加上一个适当的介词。词。1) As parents of 5 children, we have many things to worry _.2) H

20、e is not an easy man to deal _. 3) Have you found anybody to turn _ for help with your matter?例例15： _this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar, and 175g flour.A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. MakingaboutwithtoC解析：解析：作状语作状语。表示目的表示目的，这时相当，这时相当于于in order to (比较正式比较正式)或者或者so as to (不不能放在句首能放在句首)。Ill

21、write them down on the blackboard to make sure you can see them clearly.翻译：翻译：为了让你们能够把它理解得更好，为了让你们能够把它理解得更好，我将为大家做个实验。我将为大家做个实验。In order _ it well, Ill do an experiment for you.for you to understand例例16：I was very surprised _ the high scores on his test papers.A. to see B. seen C. saw D. seeing解析：解析

22、：作作状语状语，表示，表示原因原因。动词不定式动词不定式表示原因时往往放在形容词或过去分词表示原因时往往放在形容词或过去分词的后面，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。的后面，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。翻译：翻译：听到那个消息我很难过。听到那个消息我很难过。 Im very sad to hear that news.A例例17：Ten years later, he went back to his hometown, _ his wife had got remarried.A. knowing B. to know C. knew D. having known解析：解析：作作状语状语，表示，

23、表示结果结果。动词不定式。动词不定式作结果状语时，表示出乎意料的结果。作结果状语时，表示出乎意料的结果。They hurried to the hospital, only to be told their son had died half an hour ago.B例例18：His family was _ poor to send him to university.A. so B. very C. too D. such解析：解析：作作状语状语，表示，表示结果结果。不定式作原。不定式作原因状语还用于下面两种句型：因状语还用于下面两种句型：1) The boy is not tall e

24、nough to reach the top of the book shelf.2) I was so moved as to be unable to say a word.C例例19：I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. made B. having made C. making D. to make解析：解析：作作插入语插入语。常见的动词不定式作常见的动词不定式作插入语的短语有：插入语的短语有：to tell you the truth; to be honest; to make long story short; to begin / start with; to be exact; to make matters worse.DWe must learn to save. To begin with, we should save money.解析：解析：疑问词疑问词+tov. 该结构相当于一个名该结构相当于一个名词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。疑问词有表语。疑问词有who, whom, what, which where, how, why及