高中英语基本构词法及练习题

1、英语构词法中的派生法派生法 ：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性(除少数前缀外)；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。(1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-,un- 。disabledisadvantage disagree disappeardisapprove disclosediscontinuous discontinuedisorderdiscolour disconnect discount discourageina

2、ccurateinactiveinconstantinconvenientindependentinvisibleirregularirresponsiblemidinterpret misleadmisunderstand misuseillegal inadaptable incredibleineffectiveirremovablemisfortune misreadimpossible inapplicable incurableinformalirrespectivemisguidemistrustnonmetalnoncooperationnoninvolvementunable

3、unacceptableunawareunbalanceunbreakableuncertainunchangeableuncomfortableundecidedunemployedundeterminedundevelopedunearthuneconomicalunfoldunpackuntie(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a.前缀antianti-fascistanti-gasanti-imperialistanti-Japanese Warb.前缀autoc.前缀bi- bicenturybilinguald.前缀co co-operationcoauthorcoheire.前

4、缀de deformdegradedevaluef.前缀 en- em enable enlargeencourage enrichendanger embitterg. 前缀exex-soldierex-girlfriendex-wifeh.前缀mid- middaymidnightmidtermmid-agedi. 前缀multimultiformmultilingualmultimediamultipurposej. 21. 前缀overovercrowdedoverlookoverwork overcomeoverloadoverproducek. 22.前缀preprewarpreh

5、istoricprepaypreconditionl.前缀re- rewritereviewrecyclem.前缀 vicevice-chairmanvice-governorvice-premiervice-presidentautobiographyautography2、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少 数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有：a、后缀-age,构成抽象名词marriagepercentageshortagestorageb.后缀al-构成抽象名词arrivalrefusalapprovalsurvival

6、proposalremovalc.点缀 -an ,-ian 人 从事职业者”，构成名词。Italianlibrarianmagicianvegetarianmusicianpoliticiantechniciand.后缀-ance,-ence,构成名词.appearanceallowanceexistencepresenceperformanceignoranceinfluenceintelligenceevidencediligenceguidancepreferencesignificancee.后缀-dom构成名词kingdomfreedomf、后缀 -ee,-eer, -er, -or

7、,构成表人的名词directoremployeebeginnercompetitorconductorengineerexamineetailorvolunteerg.后缀-ess构成表 雌性”的名词 actressgoddessh、后缀-ful构成表容量单位 a basketful ofa handfuli.后缀-ics构成学科名词： gymnasticsphysicsj、后缀-ism ,构词 Buddhismextremismpatriotismsocialismk、后缀-ist构成名词。bioiogistchemistextremistgeologistl. 后缀-ment 构成抽象名词

8、intervieweehostesswaitress”名词ofmouthfulspoonfulpoliticsmathematicsimperialism terrorism tourismeconomistspecialistphysicistadvertisementagreementarrangementdevelopmentamusement embarrassmentappointment equipmentargumentestablishmentimprovementm.后缀-ness构成抽豪名词：coolnesscorrectnessm. 后缀-sion 构成抽象名词：judg

9、mentdampnessrequirementtreatmentaggressioncomparisonconclusionpermissiontensionn. 后缀-th 构成抽象名词birthdepthlengthstrengthwidthyouth0. 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词applicationcelebrationclassificationexpressionwarmthcreationinvasioncongratulationconsiderationp.后缀-ure,构成抽象名词failuremixtureq.以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词ability

10、curiosityidentitymajorityconsolidationdescriptionelectricityequalityprosperitysociety(2) 构成动词的后缀常用的有：a. 后缀-en,形容词后的-en,构成及物动词。名词后的-en 构成形容词brightendeepenflattenfrightenloosensharpenstrengthenwidenwoodenwoolenb.后缀-tze,构成及物动词apologizeanalysecategorizeorganizerealize(3) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有：a.后缀-ableacceptable

11、adjustableadmirableavoidableunbelievablecomparableendurableincrediblereasonablerecycleablerespectablevaluablevisibleb、后缀-al构成形容词environmentalgrammaticalnaturaloccasionaloriginaloperationalpersonalpoliticalpracticalprofessionaltraditionaluniversalc、后缀-ant/-ent ,构成形容词 distantimportantpatientconvenient

12、permanenturgentviolentservantd、后缀-ed构成形容词：astonisheddelightedexperiencedlearnedskilledunitede.后缀-ful,构成形容词carefuldoubtfuldreadfulregretfulresourcefulforgetfulfrightfulhopefulrespectfultearfulf.后缀-ic,构成形容词basiceconomicenthusiasticelectricenergeticheroichistoricsystematicg.后缀-ing构成名词或形容词amusingastonis

13、hingflaminggreetingmisunderstandingpromisingsatisfyingsufferingtrainingh. 后缀-ish 构成形容词：feverishfoolishSwedishSpanish1 .后缀-ive,构成形容词aggressiveattractiveinstructivepersuasivepredictivej.后缀Hess,构成否定形容词carelesshopelesshelplessk、后缀-ly构成的形容 costlydailyfriendlylivelylonelylovely1.后缀 pus或-ious构成形容词：adventur

14、ousambitiousconsciousenvioushumorousindustriousmountainousreligiousvariousm.后缀-y构成的形容词或名词 bloodybraverydifficultyhonesty icyloyalty(4) 构成副词的常用后缀有：a.后缀-ly或Tngly构成的副词 accuratelyconstantlyfrequentlygenerallyeffectively indirectly三、经典例题2. The soldier died for saving the child ， so hisis heavier than Mou

15、nt Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. deaththree- chair isn t suitable for a young child. He maoyff.allA. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. legedthe teacher praised him for working out the maths problem ， Jack lookedabout at hisclassmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridelyeveryone s ， the girl finished the job qu

16、ite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction10. No one should enter the spot without theof the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permitting四、专项训练D. permittence1. You must come with us to the policeA. headquartersC. headmasterhead is waiting for you.B. headlineD. headachethat animal

17、 escape was no accident ； you did itA. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional3. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with asmile.A. practiceC. practicalB. practiseD. practiced4. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is thenews about Iraq WarA. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter5. The

18、 Great Wall is more than 6000 li in A. longerB. lengthC. longD.longingmy ， I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness7. Canada ismainly ancountry.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken8. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. Its of great A. val

19、uableC. valuelessletter “ b” in the wordA. soundC. silence10. What you said sounded_A. reasonableB. valueD. unvaluabledoubt ” is.B. silentD. soundedbut in fact it was untrue.B. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason11. We have to learn technologyfrom other countries.A. advanceB.advancingC. advantageD.adv

20、anced d bettegrive up smoking if you want to keep .A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthierspeaking， I didn t do it on purpose.A. Honestly B. HonestC. HonestyD. Dishonest五、课堂总结1、否定前缀、其他前缀2、名词、形容词、副词、动词常用后缀。六、课后作业一、请用括号里给出的词汇的正确形式填空。1. I wrote him a letter to show my_(appreciate) of his thoughtful

21、ness.2. The first tomb was built at the_(begin) of the 15th century.3. Painting is a _(create) process.4. For our homework tonight, we have to write a _(describe) of the street where we live.5. The _ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich.6. I d just like to _ (emphasis) how i

22、mportant it is for people to learn foreign language.7. My grandfather is as_(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all.8. The first lesson was very_(enjoy)-I like it a lot!9. These discoveries proved the_(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and years ago.10. A smile is the universal_(face) expre