中考英语专题复习之介词

1、中考英语专题复习之介词【知识梳理】一、考查简单介词的用法知识链接分类例词表水时间in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from, to, by, before, past表示方位in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, ,next to, among表示往返的方向to, towards, round, around, though, across, fromto, into,

2、 out of, off, along其他by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but,as, without（一）时间介词1. at、in、on表示时间的区别（1）at表示具体的时间点，常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如 ：at Christmas在圣诞节）；at six o 6ck（l在 6 点钟）；at night（在晚上）;at the end of在结束时）；at the age of在岁时）；at last（最终，最后）。（2）in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，意为在时间后”,用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。

3、如 :Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes?你能在 5 分钟内画一匹好看的马吗 ?（3）on 用于表示确定的时间， 具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、 下午、晚上或一般节日等。如 :on December 1st 1994 （在 1994 年 12 月 1 日）；on Teachers ' DOy （教师节 ）on Monday morning （在星期一上午）； on a cold morning （在一个寒冷的早晨 ） ；on the night of October 22nd （在 10 月 22 日晚上 ）； on

4、Christmas Day （在圣诞节 ）。注意:在以 this, that, next, last, tomorrow, yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如 :I will go to Beijing next week. 下周我将去北京。2 .for ， since， from 表示时间的区别（1） “for+段时间”意为 已经多长时间了工强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如：She has worked there for four year她已经在那里工作 4 年了。（2）since用作介词时，意为

5、自从，自以后”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用。如 :The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989 年春就在那里了。注意:since还可以用作连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句。如:Great changes have taken place since he left!从他离开以后，这里 发生了巨大的变化。from(from.to.)表示开始的时间，意为 从”(从“到”谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如 :Students go to school from Monday to Friday.学生们周至周五上学

6、。3 .to, past, pass表时间的区别(1)to 介词，大于30 分钟时，表示 “差 ” 。如 :ten to seven (6:50)past介词，小于30分钟时，表示 过"。如:ten past six (6:10)(3)pass动词，表示 经过，过去"。如:He passed by me他从我身边经 过。4 .其余表示时间的介词(1)after指时间 在以后”，后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时，多和过去时连用；接时间点时，多和将来时连用。如 :He came back after a few daysTL 天后他回来了。I ll call you aft

7、er 4:30四点半以后我给你打电话。.(2)till/until表示 到为止，直到之时，直至"，在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如 :You' better stay in bed till tomorrow你最好在床上待到明天。I shall wait until ten oclock. 10 点钟。在否定句中，not.until意为 直到才”，是连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂性动词。如 :第5页/共13页I didn ' t go to Until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。 (3)by表示 不迟于"(

8、not latr than),常与完成时连用。如:by then至哪 时， by now 到目前为止。They had seen four English films by the end of last night. 到昨天晚上为 止他们已经看过四部英语电影。(4)before指时间 在以前"，后面一般接时间点。如:I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。 (5)during表示 在期间”，强调 自始至终”。如：During those three months he asked a lot of question旺

9、月B三个月期间， 他问了许多问题。(二)方式介词1 .by ， in ， on 表交通方式用 by 时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用 on 或 in 时，交通工具前用限定词。如 :Jenny goes to school by bike®妮骑自行车去上学。 (by bike=on a bike) Mr. Green goes to work by ca格林先生开车去上班。 (by car=in a car) 2.by ， in ， with 表示手段或工具(1)with 后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen我经常 用钢笔做作业。(2)

10、in 表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词。如:Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗 ?(3)by 表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。如 :This pair of shoes is made by handle双鞋是手工做的。He makes a living by teaching他靠教书为生。(三)地点介词1.1 n ， at 与 on(1)in表示地点，意为在内”，用于内部。如:He put his hands in his pocketsftfl 把手放进 口袋。(2)on意为在上面”，用于表面

11、接触，指在一个平面上。如：There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着块地毯。(3)表示 “在某地 ”时， at 后接小地方， in 后接大地方。如 :When did you arrive at the station?你什么时候到车站的？He was born in Wuhan他出生在武汉。at还有在旁边”之意，如：at the table在桌子旁边2 .above 与 belowabove的意思是 在之上”高于" 与物体表面不接触，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below。如：The plane flew above the clou

12、dsX 机在云层上面飞行。The Dead Sea is below sea levefE海的海面低于海平线。3 .over 与 underover的意思是 在之上”，与物体表面不接触，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如:There is a bridge over the riverM 上有座桥。There is a boat under the bridg甑下有艘船。4 .by, beside 与 near(1)by 表示 在旁边"，较 near更近。如：My house is by the river我的家在河边。(2)beside表示近旁”、紧靠工相当于nextto。如：

13、Come and sit beside m乘坐在我的身旁。(3)near意为 在附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如:He sits near the window他坐在窗户附近。5 .after 与 behind(1)after表示位置关系，意为 在的后面”。如:Your name comes after mine in the lis怪单上，你的名字歹！J于我之后。behind表示位置，意为 在后面”。如：The boy was hiding behind a treel B个男孩躲在一棵树后。6 .through, across, cross 穿过(1)through 介词，纵穿 (从空

14、间穿过) 。如 :The soldiers went through the fores哪些士兵穿过树林离开了。(2)across介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is walking across the stree他正在横过马路。(3)cross 动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。如:He is crossing the street.他正在横过马路。7 .among, between 在之间among 在 （三者或三者以上）之间；between在（两者）之间。常用词组：betweenancj如：The man who is standing amonghte students is Lil

15、y s father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。I will be back between five and six.我将在 5 至U 6 点之间回来。8.in ， on ， toin 表示在范围之内（属于该范围）； on 表示与某一地区接壤； to 表示隔海相望。如:Guangdong is in the south of China.广东属于中国。）Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. 广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗（邻关系。 ）Japan is to the east of China.（本不属于中国，而且隔海相望。）9.outside 与 insid

16、eoutside意为 在的外边"；inside意为 在的里边，在之内”如:A woman is waiting outside the office.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。Don' t let the dogome inside the hous环要让狗进入房子里。10.in front of 与 in the front ofin front of表示 在之前"范围外）；in the front of表示 在的前部 （范围内） ”。如:There are some trees in front of the classr00rme 室前面有些树。Our te

17、acher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师经常坐 在教室的前面。 知识链接 1.介词 +动词的常见搭配 listen to 听 laugh at 嘲笑get to 到J达look for 寻找get on/off上车/下车wait for 等待 hear from 收至U的来信worry about 担心 think of 想起，认为 look after 照 顾 spend.on花费 agree with 同意do with 处置 depend on 依靠 talk about 谈论turn on off 打开关掉turn u

18、pdown调大/调小regardas把 当作 pay for 付 款 knock at敲ask for请求，向要2 .介词与形容词的常见搭配be fond of 喜欢be ready for 为做好准备be kind to对亲切be sure abou确信be busy with 忙于be late for 迟至Ube afraid of 害怕 be good at擅长于be full of 装满3 .介词 +名词的常见搭配by bike bus train 骑自行车/乘公共汽车乘火车onfoot 步行with /without one ' s help/没有某人的帮助下on time

19、 准时on one ' s wayW人去的路上 to one' surprise 使某人惊奇的是at the end of在尽头，末尾 at the foot of在的脚下专项练习1、 Hong Kong isthe south of China and Macau isthewest of Hong KongA in ， to B to， to C to ， in D in ， in2、 When the temperature stasy zero, we can ee ictes.A. upB. downC. above D. below3、 When and where

20、 were you born? I was bornOctober 1st , 2019 Suzhou.A. on; on B. in; inC. on; inD. in; on4、 -Is there any relationship smoking and health?-Sure. People who do not smoke usually enjoy a longer and healthier life.A. amongB. within C fromD.between5、 Thanks your last letter.A of B from C for D to6、 We s

21、hould do something to stop sandstorms happening againand again.A. from B. on C. by D. to7、Mr Wang is very strict. His students are afraid him.A. at B. of C. about D. to8、Have you got any books science?A. at B. about C. of D. in9、What do you think of the report on the UFOs?-Great! Many students were

22、interested in it and they kept on standing the end of the meeting.A. until B. in C. at D. by10、You must stand line when you are waiting a bus.A. on; in B. in; for C. in; on D. on; for11、He took my English-Chinese dictionary mistake.A. forB. byC.withD. in12、Where is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall?It

23、' s her,the Great Hall of the People and the Museums.A. next to B. between C. over D. among13、Yao Ming is tall short hair.A. in B. on C. with D. of14、My mother has to work at weekends.A. last night B. best of allC. from time to time D. on earth15、I can meet him the morning October 2nd.A. on; inB

24、. in; ofC. on; ofD. in; in16、 Did you and your family join in the trip? Yes. us, the Greens also went to the amusement park.A Except B Beside C But D Besides17、 I live my parents Nanjing.A. with; in B. in; with C. in; in D. with; with18、 For girls, we have T-shirts red, green and black only $4 .A. a

25、t; inB. in; forC. for; in D. with; at19、 Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive _ London _ the morning of July 19.A. to ， on B. in ， on C. in ， in D. at， in20、 There is a new bridge the river in front of my house.A. on B. over C. above D. near21、 Kathy always cares what others say so much that she loses herown idea.A. about B . much C little D of22、 They have sold the trousers your si