雾天论文雾天高速公路交通管制方法及对策研究

1、雾天论文：雾天高速公路交通管制方法及对策研究【中文摘要】近年来,随着全国高速公路行车里程的迅速增长,行车安全问题日益突出,特别是在雾天情况下的行车安全问题逐渐成为制约高速公路带来经济效益的瓶颈。为此,研究雾天高速公路交通管制方法及对策是高速公路路网日益密集、机动车总量日益增加的大背景下的必然要求和必要准备。结合国内外对雾天高速公路交通管制的研究现状,借鉴美国、英国、德国等国家的先进科研成果,吸取相关领域的先进经验,分别从理论、技术、管理三个角度、层面对问题进行研究分析。其中,重点研究了雾天高速公路的限速控制问题。根据Lambert-Beer定律及相对亮度对比公式,分析雾对能见度及高速公路交通安

2、全的影响过程。给出能见度与消光系数之间的定量关系式,进一步讨论雾的各微观量对能见度的影响。汇总典型雾的物理量数据,采用统计学的方法,对能见度与雾滴密度、含水量等微观量之间的关系进行研究,得出能见度与这些量之间的回归关系。探讨雾对交通安全影响,分析能见度对高速公路行车速度的限制问题,并计算在出现大雾时对应于不同能见度条件下的最高限速值。借鉴国内外对雾天高速公路能见度和车速的关系、高速公路分车道、分车型限速实施、限速条件下驾驶员对速度的选择和判断等问题的研究成果,提出雾天高速公路分车道、分车型智能化限速控制理论。在此基础上,结合美国、德国对高速公路限速区间的划分、相邻区间限速差与事故率的关系的研究

3、,探讨了雾天高速公路容忍合并区间限速基准的选取等问题。借鉴美国雾天高速公路交通管理状况,提出建立我国雾天高速公路行车安全保障系统的建议。该系统主要由高速公路气象、车辆信息收集处理系统、雾天高速公路交通诱导和消雾系统、雾天高速公路交通信息反馈系统和雾天高速公路交通事故救援系统四部分组成,可有效减少雾天高速公路交通事故的人财损失。针对雾天高速公路交通管理存在的主要问题,提出雾天高速公路交通管理改进措施及建议。主要包括12个方面：建立雾情等级通报制度；引进国外先进技术并加强设备维护；加强经常性大型分流平台安全设施建设；机动车驾驶员必须遵守规定；建立联动机制,加强协调联系；安全有效的处置雾区车辆；开发

4、驾驶员辅助决策系统；推广道路天气系统多样化；加大外场设备布置密度；采用大雾预警及速度控制系统；完善联动策略；关闭高速公路。【英文摘要】In recent years, with the rapid growth of the national freeway mileage, traffic safety has become prominent increasingly, especially in fog, the traffic safety has become a bottleneck because its constraint to the economic benefits f

5、rom freeway. So, under the background that the freeway network becomes increasingly intensive and the total number of the motor vehicles is increasing, the research of methods and strategies of the freeway traffic control in fog becomes an inevitable demand and a necessary preparation. Combining the

6、 present research situation in and out for freeway traffic control in the fog, learning the advanced scientific research from the United States, Britain, Germany and the other countries, assimilating the advanced experiences in related fields, this thesis studies the issue respectively in three angl

7、es and levels of theory, technology, management. Among them, the key research is the problem of highway speed limit control in the fog.According to the Lambert-Beers law and the formula for the relative brightnesss contrast, the process of fog reducing the visibility then affecting the freeway traff

8、ic safety has been analyzed. The quantitative relationship between visibility and extinction coefficient has been given and the effect on the visibility by the microscopic amount of fog has been discussed further. Summarized the typical physical data of fog, using statistical method for the analysis

9、 of the relationship among fog visibility, fog droplet number density, water content and the other micro-amount, then obtain the regression between visibility and these amounts. Explored the influence of fog on traffic safety, analyzed the problem of the visibility to the freeway speed limit, and th

10、e highest traffic limit speed has been calculated corresponding to the different visibility conditions in the event of a heavy fog.Take examples by the research results of the relations between the fog visibility and speed on freeway, the limit speed implementation through dividing strip and minutin

11、g vehicle type on freeway, the speed choice and judgment of driver in the situation of limited speed and other problems in and out, proposed the theory of freeway dividing strip and minuting vehicle type speed limit control on foggy day. On this basis, combine with the division of speed limit interv

12、al on freeway in the United States and Germany, the research of the relation between difference of speed limit and accident rate on adjacent interval, discussed the question of the choice of the speed limit standard in the toleranced combined interval on freeway in fog.Take examples by freeway traff

13、ic management conditions on foggy day in the United States, proposed to establish the fog freeway traffic safety system of our country, which mainly including freeway weather and traffic information collection and processing system, fog freeway traffic guidance and anti-fogging system, fog freeway t

14、raffic information feedback system and fog freeway traffic accident rescue system, which can effectively prevent the generation of freeway traffic accidents in fog.In view of the existed question in freeway traffic management, proposed the traffic management improvements which mainly including twelv

15、e areas that are establish fog leveled notification system, introduce foreign advanced technology and strengthen the equipment maintenance, strengthen the construction of the streaming platform security facilities, motor vehicle driver shall comply with the provisions, establish linkage mechanism an

16、d strengthen ties, disposal the fog zone vehicle safely and effectively, adopt fog warning and speed control system, spread and diversify road weather system, increase the arrangement density of outfield equipment, develop driver decision support system, perfect linkage strategy, close freeway.【关键词】

17、雾天 高速公路 交通管制 限速方法 安全系统 管理措施【英文关键词】foggy day highway traffic control speed limit method Safety System management improvements【目录】雾天高速公路交通管制方法及对策研究 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7-8 第1章 绪论 12-20 1.1 研究背景与意义 12-13 1.2 国内外研究现状 13-16 1.2.1 国内研究现状 13-15 1.2.2 国外研究现状 15-16 1.3 主要研究内容 16-17 1.4 研究方法和技术路线 17-19 1.4.1 研究方法

18、 17-18 1.4.2 技术路线 18-19 1.5 本论文的特色或创新之处 19-20 第2章 高速公路沿线雾的形成机理、特征及分布规律 20-25 2.1 雾的定义和分类 20-22 2.2 高速公路沿线雾的形成机理和特点 22-23 2.2.1 高速公路沿线雾的形成机理 22-23 2.2.2 高速公路沿线雾的特点 23 2.3 高速公路沿线雾的分布规律 23-24 2.3.1 雾区地理分布 23-24 2.3.2 雾区时间分布 24 2.4 本章小结 24-25 第3章 雾对高速公路交通安全的影响及限速分析 25-45 3.1 雾引发高速公路交通事故浅析 25-26 3.1.1 雾引发高速公路交通事故的现状 25-26 3.1.2 雾引发高速公路交通事故的特点 26 3.2 雾对高速公路能见度的影响过程分析 26-28 3.3 雾的微观组成与能见度的关系 28-29 3.3.1 影响雾中视线的关键因素分析 28 3.3.2 雾的微观物理量、浓度与能见度的关系 28-29 3.4 雾天高速公路车速限制研究 29-44 3.4.1 雾对高速公路交通安全的影响 30-32 3.4.2 雾天能见度对高速公路交通安全的影响 32-33 3.4.3 雾天能见度对高速公路行车速度的限制 33-37 3.4.4