大学英语综合教程 1 unit8

1、2021/3/91Unit 8 educational problemsText A Fable of the Lazy Teenager2021/3/92Pre-reading Do you know any fables? What are they?Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, The Fox and the Stork. 202

2、1/3/93Picture Fable TalkingDirections:1. Work in groups 2. Rebuild the fables according to the pictures and key words 3. Select a presenter for your group4. Tell your fable to the class and the moral lesson2021/3/94Picture Fable Talking2021/3/95Picture Fable TalkingDraw a Snake and Add Feet to ItLon

3、g long ago, several people had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when h

4、e saw the others were still busy drawing ,so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, Who has ever seen a snake with feet?”2021/3/96Picture Fable TalkingGoing too far is as bad as not going far enou

5、gh.2021/3/97Picture Fable Talking2021/3/98Picture Fable TalkingThe Fox and the CrowOne day a crow stood on a branch near her nest and felt very happy with the meat in her mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, wh

6、atever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crows beautiful voice. “I am sure your voice is even more beautiful than your feathers,” said the Fox. “Wont you sing a song for me, Queen of Birds?” The Crow was so pleased she could hardly sit still. Sh

7、e lifted her head high, closed her eyes and opened her beak to sing: CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W. The meat fell to the ground, right in front of the Fox. 2021/3/99Picture Fable TalkingNever trust a flatter.2021/3/910Picture Fable Talking2021/3/911Picture Fable TalkingThe Milkmaid and Her PailA milkmaid was go

8、ing to the market. She carried her milk in a pail on her head. She dreamt about the eggs she would buy when she sold the milk. The eggs will hatch; then she will sell the chickens. With the money she earned, she would buy fine clothes for herself. “ Ill buy a new dress, and when I go to the ball, al

9、l the young men will dance with me!” As she spoke she tossed her head back. The pail immediately fell off her head, and all the milk was spilt. The girl went back without anything. She felt very sad. ah, my child, said her mother. “Do not count your chickens before they are hatched. 2021/3/912Pictur

10、e Fable TalkingDo not count your chickens before they are hatched.2021/3/913A Brief Introduction to Fable The term fable refers to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to give a moral point. The term comes from the Latin fabula, “a telling.” The g

11、reatest teller of fables was Aesop. He was believed to be a Greek slave who lived in the 6th century B.C. Another great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine. He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop. 2021/3/914 Some of their best-known fables

12、 are The Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, and The Fox and the Stork. In the Chinese language, some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well , His Spear against His Shi

13、eld , Making His Mark.2021/3/915Typical features of fablesShort talesNot based on factsIntended to give a moral lessonNot stated directly but deduced by readers2021/3/916Text A Fable of the Lazy Teenager2021/3/917Part Division2021/3/918 InterviewSuppose you are a journalist and your partner is the a

14、uthor of the text. You have an interview with him. The interview should cover the following points:1. the happening in the drugstore the reason why the author went there; a dialogue between the salesgirl and him2. the authors feeling to the happening the problems American teenagers are facing such a

15、s ignorance, poor ability of calculations and other things3. something about the son of the authors friend4. the authors purpose of offering a fablePart 12021/3/919Questions and Answers1. Why did the author go to the drugstore one day? He wanted to buy some file folders. 2. How old was the salesgirl

16、?3. What was the salesgirls reaction to the authors mental arithmetic (心算)?Under 20 years old.She was very surprised at it.2021/3/9205. What was the author?He was a teacher at a college. 4. Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic? Why or why not?Yes. Maybe she believed it

17、 because she could never do that. 6. What did the author think of American teenagers?He thought they are ignorant and lacking in knowledgeof world history and geography.Questions and Answers2021/3/9217. In the authors opinion, what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?8. Why did the a

18、uthor give us the example of his friends son?9. According to the author, what would happen if there was an idle, ignorant labor force in a modern industrial state? They were indifferent to their ignorance.He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem.There would be many problems in society

19、 such asplane crashes, computer jams and breakdowns of cars.Questions and Answers2021/3/92210. What was the authors purpose of offering a fable? He just wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.Questions and Answers2021/3/923run out of: use

20、 up or finish a supply of (sth.) To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home. When they ran out of food, the soldiers set about hunting for more. 2021/3/924 1. What is the meaning of the phrase “such an experience”?The phrase “such an experience” means “the salesgirls ignorance.”No mo

21、destly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience.2. Paraphrase the sentence.Any adult who has got average education will feel worried and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows.2021/3/925modest: adj. immodest A modest little house1) Not very large/ expensive/important,etc.2) Not

22、talking much about your own abilities or possessionsShe is very modest about her success.3) Of people, especially women, or their clothes, shy about showing much of the body, not intended to attract attention.A modest dress Adv. ModestlyYou really must be very good at what you do. I suppose I am, Ka

23、te said modestly.2021/3/926upset: vt. They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage. 1) make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy.be upset by / about Pattern: 2) make ill in the stomachThe foreign food upset me / my stomach. 3) knock over, causing confusionThe boy upset the glass of milk.

24、 Her plans were upset by the change in the weather. 2021/3/927 Collocation:ignorant: adj. knowing little or nothingShe was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities. Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him.ignorant about / of 在在方面无知的方面无知的Some people are ignorant of the facts

25、about global warming. 我对计算机一窍不通。Im rather ignorant about computer. 2021/3/928sum up: give a brief summary (of sth.) My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class.Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word: “Terrible.” 2021/3/929accumulate: v. collect, or gat

26、her together, esp. over a period of time; make or become greater in quantity or sizeI have accumulated many books over the last few years. Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room. Collocation：积累大量资料积累大量资料 accumulate a huge mass of data 积累经验积累经验 accumulate experience 积攒一笔财富积攒一笔财富 accumulat

27、e a fortune 积聚一大批藏书积聚一大批藏书 accumulate a good library 2021/3/930 两者均可指积聚大量的东西。accumulate 强调经年累月地点滴积累。例如：Through the years he accumulated sufficient money to buy a farm when he retired. He soon amassed sufficient evidence to support his case. 经过多年积攒，他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。accumulate & amass CF:amass 指在

28、较短的时间内积聚到大量东西，尤指为自己而积聚。例如：指在较短的时间内积聚到大量东西，尤指为自己而积聚。例如： 他不久便收集到足够的证据来为他的案子辩护。2021/3/931affect: vt. More than seven million people have been affected by the drought. 1) have an influence on 2) cause feelings of sorrow, anger, love, etc, in (sb.)Martin Luther Kings speech deeply affected the audience.

29、2021/3/932Nothing you say will affect my decision. 这里这三个词都作为动词进行比较。 affect 表示“影响”，以被影响的人或物作宾语。大致可分为两种情况：1）“使起变化”，没有好或坏的意思；2）“对发生不良影响”。例如：affect , effect & influence CF:无论你说什么都不会影响我的决定。The small amount of rain last year affected the growth of crops. 去年雨少影响了庄稼的生长。2021/3/933The new hairdo effected

30、a startling change in her appearance. Effect n. have an effect on用作及物动词表示“产生，招致”或“实现”，以“改进，变化”等类的词作宾语。例如：这新发式使她的外貌产生了惊人的变化。Such films have a dangerous influence on children.My teacher influenced my decision to study science. Influence n. 指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响 v.影响可好可坏。影响可好可坏。Influ

31、ence sb. /sth. 例如：例如： CF:2021/3/934The boy is really idle; he just sits around the house all day. idle: adj. 1) lazy 2) not working Men are left idle when machines break down. 3) of no use His words were just idle threats; he cant harm us. Collocation：stand / lie idle 闲着闲着The machinery stood idle fo

32、r a month. 2021/3/935break down: The elevators in this building are always breaking down. Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.1) stop working 2) fail 3) destroy; reduce or be reduced to pieces They broke the door down. 2021/3/936Collocation：逃走，逃

33、脱逃走，逃脱 break away 闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴 break in 闯入，强行进入闯入，强行进入 break into 逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发 break out 突破突破 break through 打碎；结束；解散；（学校）开始放假打碎；结束；解散；（学校）开始放假 break up 2021/3/937drive home: make (sth.) clear so that people understand it Peter was lazy. His parents tried to drive home to

34、him the importance of hard work.We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie. 我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里。 drive sth. home (to sb.) Pattern: 2021/3/938Each of the following pictures stands for a Kevin Hanley in a certain year. Match the picture with the description and then tell the class how this Kevin

35、 livesPart 22021/3/939BDGECFAKevin 2050 ( )Kevin 1835 ( )Kevin 1928 ( )Kevin 1945 ( )Kevin 1966 ( )Kevin 1990 ( )Kevin 2020 ( )ABCDEFG2021/3/940 Kevin 1835, a poor peasant in Ireland Kevin 1928, a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Kevin 1945, a soldier fighting the Japanese army Kevin 1966, a

36、student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school Kevin 1990, a cleaner in a Japanese-owned factory Kevin 2020, a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians Kevin 2050, living in a slum and searching through trash piles for foodHow this Kevin lives2021/3/941better off

37、: richer than you were before; more comfortable Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont. 现在，中国人的生活比以前强多了。Nowadays Chinese people are better off than they used to be. 2021/3/942scared: adj. frightened (often followed by of / to / that-clause) The lady has always been s

38、cared of snakes. Im scared to fly in a plane. Im scared that it might crash. 2021/3/943adequate: adj. enough (often followed by to or for) Is the transport system adequate to deliver the food to remote areas? 对于初学者来说，这本书也够用了。For the use of beginners, the book is adequate. Her knowledge of English wa

39、s adequate for the job.CF:adequate, enough & sufficient 三词均表示“足够的”。adequate 指“能够满足特定的或最起码的要求的,符合一个客观标准,兼有适当的意思;2021/3/944enough 指“能够满足一种欲望或需要”，比较偏重数量，并可放在所形容的名词后面。例如： Are there enough apples for everyone? sufficient 具有与具有与 enough 相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。 Fill in the blanks with t

40、he adequate, enough or sufficient. 1) We havent got _ information from which to draw a conclusion.2) The pianist gave an _ performance.3) There is _food for six people.4) I hope you will prove _ to the job. sufficient adequate enough adequate CF:2021/3/945What can we infer from the fact that the fac

41、tory in which Kevin 2020s father works is owned by the Japanese not the Chinese or people from other countries?It can be inferred that in the authors opinion the Japanese are the symbol of success because of their hard work, education and discipline.Kevin 2020s father, who is of course Kevin 1990 hi

42、mself, works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese. 2021/3/9461. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。 2. Do you agree with that mans opinion? Why or why not?The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money,

43、education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital. 2021/3/947 they work and study and learn and discipline themselves. There are three words of “discipline” in this text (Para. 19, Para.20, Para. 21). Tell the different meanings of them in Chinese.The first “disc

44、ipline” (Para. 19) means “训练”, the second (Para. 20) means “纪律” and the last one (Para. 21) means “约束”. 2021/3/948astonish: vt. surprise very much; amazeThey were greatly astonished at the extraordinary beauty of the picture. We were astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test. 这三个词在表示“使惊

45、异”时，意义相近，一般以事物或人作主语；以人作主语时，一般用被动语态。它们的主要区别在于：astonish 特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情。astonish 表示惊异的时间较 surprise 长久。例如：CF:astonish, amaze, & surprise 2021/3/949They were astonished at / by the news of his escape.他们对他逃跑的消息感到吃惊。 I was amazed at / by her calmness. amaze 指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是意义很强的词。例如：指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是

46、意义很强的词。例如： 我对她的冷静感到惊讶。（含有“钦佩”之意）surprise 着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。例如：例如： Her frank answer surprised him. 她坦率的回答使他感到惊讶。 CF:2021/3/950miracle: n. an amazing or wonderful event, esp. sth. that happens unexpectedlyThere was a severe earthquake in that area, but by a miracle, no one was

47、killed in it. The teacher told me that itd be a miracle if I passed the examination. It was a miracle that the pilot landed the plane in that snowstorm. marvel：侧重异乎寻常，奇怪，从而使人好奇。miracle：一般指被认为是人力所办不到的奇异之事。wonder：通常指使人惊奇的事迹、人物或景观，主要指人创造的奇迹。2021/3/951For a woman of 85, she still has all her faculties.2

48、) all the teachers of a university or collegeIt is a myth that the faculty of hearing is greatly increased in blind people. faculty: n. 1) mental and physical abilitiesAfter seven years of study, he succeeded in joining the faculty of Columbia University.2021/3/952 “Sorry, Pop,” Kevin 1990 says. “I

49、have to study.”1. Why does the boy say so?Because his dream makes him know the importance of education and he has made up his mind to study hard. 2. Can you imagine his fathers reaction to the boys answer? 2021/3/953Useful expressions2021/3/954Useful Expressions 1. 用完了 run out of 2. 一大把 a handful of

50、 3. 为感到难过 be upset by 4. 私立大学 a private college 5. 问题的一小部分 a tiny slice of the problem 6. 对毫不在乎 a chilling indifference about 7. 跟竞争 compete with 2021/3/955at some point soon way of life manual work drive home a humble suggestion as the story opens go shopping for 8. 用不了多久的某个时候 9. 生活方式10. 体力劳动11. 使彻

51、底认识到 12. 愚见13. 故事开始时 14. 去商店买 2021/3/95615. 使某人入睡 put sb. to sleep 16. 固定工资 steady wages 17. 他把希望寄托在身上 his hope lies in 18. 比的境遇好多了 be far better off than 19. 从废墟中站起来 rise from the ashes 20. 跃入眼帘catch ones eye2021/3/957Text analysis2021/3/9581. Style study: parallelismfigure of speechParallelism is

52、the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. This method adds balance and rhythm to sentences, giving ideas a smoother flow and thus persuasiveness, because of the repetition it employs. (1)Planes will crash. Compute

53、rs will jam. Cars will break down. (Line 28)(2)He is always hot, always hungry, always scared.(line54)He lives in a slum where (3)there is no heat, no plumbing, no privacy. (line79)2021/3/959For example: The neighbor may steal your money, your friend may cheat you, your wife may leave you, your son

54、may neglect you, but your dog will be with you, whether you are rich or poor.Class work: parallelismat least 3 sentences2021/3/9602. Cause and Effect Essay Writing Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (cause) and what happens as a result (effect). Cause and effect is a common

55、 method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft this type of essay:2021/3/961Distinguish between cause and effect. To determine causes, ask, “Why did this happen?” To identify effects, ask, “What happened because of this?”Develop your thesis statement. State clearly whether you are discussing causes, effects, or both. Introduce