新概念英语第二册笔记Lesson51

1、Lesson 51 Reward for Virtuediet n. 节食 embarrass v. 使尴尬 reward v. 给奖赏【New words and expressions】生词和短语（10）reward n. 报偿virtue n. 美德forbid v. 禁止hurriedly adv. 匆忙地guiltily adv. 内疚地strict adj. 严格的occasionally adv. 偶尔地 reward n. 报偿； v. 给奖赏give sb. reward 给报偿reward sb. with sth.用奖赏 reward sb. for sth.因为给某人奖

2、赏reward him for the first prize virtue n. 美德strongpoints n. 长处，merit n. 优点shortpoints n. 短处，weak points 弱点 diet n. 节食go on a diet =be on a diet 实行节食 forbid （ forbade， forbidden ）v.禁止forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事Forbidden City 紫禁城（被禁止的城市）； Forbidden fruit 禁果 embarrass v. 使

3、尴尬sth. embarrass sb. 让感至 U 尴尬You embarrassed me你让我感到尴尬embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬地；embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬embarrassment n. 尴尬To my embarrassment,让我感至U尴尬的是 guiltily adv. 内疚地guiltily conscience 问心有愧clear conscience 问心无愧 strict adj. 严格的 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 My father is strict with me. be strict in sth.对严

4、格 occasionally adv. 偶而地on the occasion 偶尔, sometimes 偶尔, at times 偶尔off and on 偶尔，now and again 偶尔【 Text】My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which w

5、ere forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his

6、 desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large b

7、ars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!参考译文我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近来情况变得越发糟糕, 以致他决定节食. 他是一星期前开始节食的 . 首先 , 他开列了一张长长的单子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物. 这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的: 黄油、 土豆、 米饭、 啤酒、 牛奶、 巧克力和糖果. 昨天我去看望了他. 我按响了门铃. 当看到休仍和往常一样胖时, 我并不感到惊奇. 他把我领进屋, 慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面. 显然他感到很尴尬. 当我问他正干什么时, 他内疚地笑了, 然后把那个大包拿到了桌上. 他解释说, 他的饮食控制得太严格了,

8、以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下. 接着他给我看了包里的东西. 里面装了5 大块巧克力和3 袋糖果 !【课文讲解】1、 My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.things （要用复数形式）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：You re surely made things worse.How are things going on with you?get 作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：I got interested in F

9、rench.diet 用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、 “规定饮食”时通常与 on 连用：The doctor put him on a strict diet. 医生让他严格控制饮食。I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.2、 First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.first of all 首先 , 首要 （许多事情中首要的, 即最重要的）First of all I must see your p

10、asspart.at first首先（句型 at first，then起先然后 ）write out 写出， （正式）写，全部写出You should werite out a report.3、 The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.most of 大夸 B 分includ 和 contain 都有 “包含” 的意思，但 contain 可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include则只表示其中的一部分。contain

11、一定是容器里面装，include 则含义更广，在这里不能用contain。 It included three bags of sweets.We re including you in our team.4、 Yesterday I paid him a visit.pay sb. a visit 拜访某人Pay you a visit.pay a visit to sb./someplace 拜访某人/某地 .call up sb./at someplace 拜访某人/某地have a visit = visit5、 I rang the bell and was not surprise

12、d to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.asas ever像往常一样，照旧，依然as clean as ever； as quiet as ever be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.6、 He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. lead sb. into（进门）； show sb. out（出门）； see sb. off（送行）7、 It was obvious that he w

13、as very embarrassed. obviously <adv.> = it was obvious that （it 为形式主语）显然一般过去时与一般过去时常用的两个词是once和recently, recently在表示“最近一段时期”时也可以与现在完成时连用。一般过去时可以用于时间状语从句中，一般过去时可以用于与最近的打算比较时。【 Special difficulties 】Raise and Rise.rais作动词时只能作及物动词，即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起，往上提，使升高等含义：Will those who agree with me please ra

14、ise their hands?Why did they raise prices?Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year.rise 作动词时通常为不及物动词，表示“起立，起床， （日、月等）升起”等含义：You re still in bed and the sun has already risne!All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.Lay and Lie.lay（ laid， laid）vt. 置，搁，铺，准备I laid

15、your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.If you can t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.lie（ lay， lain ） vi. 躺，平卧Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?Beat and Win.beat vt. 打败，战胜，胜过，超过They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。

16、win vt.在获胜（成功），赢得，获得，夺得Who won the race/ the war?beat后面接对手，win不能接对手。【 Multiple choice questions 】Lesson 511. b 根据课文第 6-7 行 一 and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever 可以 看出只有b. but he didn ' t lose any weight atOfl课文的实际内容相符，其他 3个选择都与课 文的实际情况相符。2. c 根据课文第9-10 行 he explained

17、that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himselfoccasionally 可以判断只有 c. hasn ' t kept to a strict diet有严格的控制饮食 ）是课文所暗示的 情况，而其他3 个选择都不符课文的实际内容。3. d 只有选 d. is 才能使这个句子的意义和时态同前一句相协调. a. was 时态不对. b. has不是系动词,不能跟形容词.c. has been 时态不对,表示"他现在仍然很胖",没有必要用现在完成时 .4. d 本句的时间状语是How long ago

18、表示过去的时间，因此应该用一般过去时。a. willhe begin 是将来时；b. has he begun 是完成时；c. was he beginning 是过去进行时，这3 个选择时态都不对，只有d. did he begin 是一般过去时，最合乎语法，所以应该选d.5. d 只有d. in可以同本句的动词included连用表示 包括“，所以d.是正确的。其他 3 个都不能同include 连用构成短语动词。6. a 这是一个一般过去时疑问句，需要选一个正确的谓语动词，只有 a. hide 是原形动词，最符合语法，因为疑问句中已经有助动词did 了， 所以谓语动词要用动词原形，而不能

19、用过去式。 b. hidden 是过去分词；c. hid 是 hide 的过去式，d. hiding 是进行式，后3 个选择都不对。7. d 只有d. guilty（内疚的）最合乎语法，因为本句的谓语动词是felt（感到），它是系动词，所以后面只能跟形容词做表语，guilty 是形容词，所以选 d. c. guiltless 也是形容词，但与 guilty意思相反，不符合前一句的意思，所以不选它。8. c 前一句中的forbidden 是 “禁止 ”的意思，本句需要选出与它的含义相反的词。a. left（离开，乘U下）,b. let （让），c. allowed （允许）和d. aloud（大声地）4个答案中只有 c. allowed是 forbidden 的反义词，所以选c.9. a 只有 a. visited him 是正确的，因为它同前一句I paid him a visit 的含义相同，其他 3个选择都不是正确的表达方式。10. d a. steered（驾驶船或车）；b. pulled（拖或拉）；c. drove（驾驶）d. showed才能使句子的意思与前一句的意思相同，所以我们选d.11. d 本句需要选一个同前一句中的 embarrassed撼至ij尴尬的）意义相近的词。 a. shy （害 羞的，腼腆的）；b. shameful（可耻的）