被动语态的翻译

1、Approaches to Passive Voice Translation We are kept strong and well by clean air.我们被清洁的空气保持得健壮。空气清洁能促使我们身体健壮。英语被动语态语法范畴subject + be +past participle form of a verb（受事者+行为） Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。（“剜肉补疮”）汉语被动意义的主动表达形式1、海水不可斗量。 （被斗量）2、文章总算写好了。

2、（被写好）原因：汉语民族的“主体思维方式”语义原因及其功能意义强调受事者，使其位置鲜明、突出强调受事者，使其位置鲜明、突出1) The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。（汉语用主动）2) In an adversary spots are seen. 对手的缺陷最容易发现。（汉语用主动）不必要说出或无法说出主动者不必要说出或无法说出主动者1) New electronic devices are often shown to the students. 常给同学们看新的电子装置。2) For a long time aluminium has been

3、thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.长期以来，铝被当作一种有效防止金属腐蚀的材料。为更好地连接上下文为更好地连接上下文Vulcanized rubber was a perfect insulating material; on the railway it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions.硫化橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料，在铁路上可用来做减震器和减震垫。在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬和说话者的谦在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬和说话者的谦恭恭1) Wher

4、e can you be reached?在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？）2) When will I be interviewed?我什么时候来参加面试呢？以表示说话者对所提出的话题（或人或事或物）以表示说话者对所提出的话题（或人或事或物）持有某种客观态度，因而比较婉转。持有某种客观态度，因而比较婉转。1) He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 据说他是我们系上最受尊敬的老师。2) It is suggested that each speaker is allotted five minu

5、tes.建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。一、被动语态译成被动语句一、被动语态译成被动语句 原句主语（行为客体）不变，而句子的被动意义可采用以下五种方式：1.在谓语前面使用在谓语前面使用“被被”字字2.在谓语前省略在谓语前省略“被被”字字3.在行为主体前使用在行为主体前使用 “被被”、“受受”、“给给”等等字字4.使用使用“是是的的”、“为为所所”句型句型5.使用使用“加以加以”、“予以予以”字样字样1.在谓语前面使用在谓语前面使用“被被”字字1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising. 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。2) T

6、he words “work” and “power” are often confused or interchanged in colloquial use.在日常口语中，“功” 和“功率”是常被混淆或相互代用的两个词。2. 在谓语前省略在谓语前省略“被被”字字Accompanying the visible light, a great deal of invisible radiation, or radiant heat, is emitted.大量的不可见的辐射热，伴随着可见光释放出来。3.在行为主体前使用在行为主体前使用 “被被”、“受受”、“给给”等字等字1) All arou

7、nd, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山峦则被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。2) Pure oxygen must be given patients in certain circumstances. 在某些情况下必须给病人吸纯氧。4.使用使用“是是的的”、“为为所所”句型句型1) Poets are born, but orators are made.诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天的造就的。2) Footpri

8、nts on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。3) In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所毁。5.使用使用“加以加以”、“予以予以”字样字样1) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。2) The details

9、 of the faade will be further fitted up to match the interior. 正面将进一步加以装修，使之与室内装饰浑然一体。二、被动译成汉语主动句2.1无须加或减词。His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。2) Increased rate of reaction, in the presence of catalyzers, is called catalysis, or catalytic action.有催化剂时，反应速度的加快叫做催化作用。2.2省略介词 “by”，将原主语译成宾语1) The resu

10、lt of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力代替了人力。2) Even when the pressure stays the same, great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.即使压力不变，气温的变化也能引起空气密度的巨大变化。2.3 加 “人们”、“大家”、“我们”、“有人”、“众人”等含有泛指性的词做主语。1) With t

11、he development of modern electrical engineering, power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.随着现代化电器工程的发展，人们能把电力输送到所需要的任何地方。2) But Japan spent roughly $3 billion, and is considered the international leader in most optic fields.但日本却花费了约30亿美元，人们认为它在光学的大多数领域居国际领先地位。2.4 原文主语有某种能力时，被动语态乙成汉语主动语态 1)T

12、here are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized. 某些金属不但能导电，而且能磁化。2) Six medical scientists were honored in 1973 by the Gairdner Foundation of Toronto, Canada, for outstanding research.由于杰出的研究工作，六位医学科学家荣获了加拿大多伦多盖尔德纳基金会的奖金。三、把被动语态译成汉语无主句三、把被动语态译成汉语无主句3.

13、1 将原文中主语译成宾语，置于动词之后。1) Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with. 有了钱，就会以钱谋权。2) Nearly 400tons of accumulated refuse and dregs were removed altogether in five days.五天之内运走了近四百吨堆积的垃圾与渣土。3.2 将原文中主语译成宾语，置于动词之前。 （在句中原主语之前加“把”、“将”、“使”、“给”、“对”等词译出。）1) If water is heated, the molecules move m

14、ore quickly. 如果把把 水加热，水分子就运动得更快。2) Gasoline may be separated from other components of crude oil by distillation.用蒸馏方法可使使 汽油与原油的其他部分分离开来。3.3 主语和谓语合译1) Use is made of an automatic elemental analyser.利用了自动元素分析仪。2) Care should be taken at all time to protect the instrument from dust and damp.应当始终注意保护仪器，

15、不使沾染灰尘，不使受潮。四、习惯译法四、习惯译法有关 it做形式主语的被动语态的翻译：4.1 在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词1) Its believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream. 有人说她当明星的计划全部都是些非非遐想罢了。 2) It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planne

16、d many days or even weeks ago.我们将予记录在案的是：从日本到夏威夷之间的距离清楚地表明了，日本这次袭击是在许多天甚至许多星期以前就仔细计划好的。4.2 用“据” 等短语译出1) It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting.据估计，美国人一生中在乏味而令人厌烦却又躲避不掉的等待上所耗费的时间竟达五年之多。It is generally accepted that It is alleged thatIt is asserted that It is believed that.It is claimed thatIt is declared that It cannot be denied thatIt is estimated that一般认为；大家公认人们断言有人主张（断定）据信；人们（大家）相信有人（人们0主张；人们要求据宣称；人们宣称不可否认据估计（推算）It has been found that 已经发现；